长三角总部经济发展研究

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摘要

近年来，跨国公司纷纷在上海和北京等国内大城市设立地区总部，与此同时，

国内一些大型企业也把自己的总部迁往大城市，而大城市的制造企业将加工基地

外迁，形成企业总部和加工基地空间分离的局面。大量企业总部在上海、北京的

集聚引起了中央政府和地区政府的高度重视，同时理论界也开始对总部经济这一

全新经济形态进行研究。

本文借鉴国内外现有文献，对总部经济理论做了全面、系统的综述。综述研

究追溯到从最初对企业总部、跨国公司地区总部理论研究出发，到企业总部或跨

国公司区位选择理论，再到今天的总部经济理论研究，按照这一逻辑顺序对每个

领域每个学者的观点进行整理，对总部经济理论进行综述。在总部经济理论综述

的基础上，阐述了总部经济理论和总部经济形成过程：大体上沿着“企业总部独

立――企业总部和地区总部与加工基地空间分离――大量企业总部集聚――形成

总部产业集群（价值链）”这一过程逐步发展起来的。

总结归纳总部经济发展条件：政策法律环境、服务业水平、交通和信息业发

展水平、总部集聚程度、中央商务区建设、高素质人才资源等，在此基础上建立

了城市发展总部经济能力评价指标体系，选取层次分析法处理指标体系，采用问

卷调查确定权重，得出每个城市发展总部经济能力的综合指数，上海稳居第一。

最后对16城市发展总部经济能力进行聚类分析，共分四个层级：上海为一类；杭

州、南京、无锡、宁波为一类；苏州为一类；常州、南通、扬州、镇江、泰州、

嘉兴、湖州、绍兴、舟山、台州为一类。

本文得出长三角总部经济发展特征：长三角各城市总部经济发展不平衡，中

心城区 CBD、总部基地和高科技园区是总部经济主要载体；长三角总部经济主要

集中在制造业，其他行业比重较小；以纺织服装业、汽车制造业、装备制造业、

医药制造业、IT 业、石油化工业、钢铁业等产业为主的总部经济产业链已经形成；

发展城市主导产业为特色的总部经济，构造总部经济产业链和空间价值链；产业

集群成为构造空间价值链的重要载体。

最后，为长三角总部经济发展提出政策和建议。

关键词：长三角总部经济产业价值链链空间价值链

ABSTRACT

In recent years, multi-national companies (MNCs) have been located their regional

headquarters (RHQs) in the metropolises such as Shanghai and Beijing city. Meanwhile,

some domestic large companies are relocating their headquarters to metropolise, and the

plants of manufacture corporations in metropolises are removed to remote areas, so the

headquarters and plants are separated physically. The agglomeration phenomenon of

headquarters in those metropolise has drawn central and municipal government’s much

focus, and academia circle begins to research into the brand-new economy.

According to existing literatures home and abroad, this paper has done a

comprehensive and systematic review of Headquarters Hconomy theory. Earlier studies

can date back to research on corporation headquarters and regional headquarters of

MNCs, then extend to the domain of transnational corporations’ or the corporates’

headquarters location choice theory, and finally to today's Headquarters Economy

theory. The author analyzes and collates some views of scholars in different fields based

on this logical sequence. Next, this paper discusses the theory and formation process of

Headquarters Economy.This process is: “corporate headquarters independent

--corporate headquarters or regional headquarters and its plants separated

spatially--headquarters agglomeration -- headquarters industrial clusters formed (value

chain) ”.

There are many factors influencing development of Headquarters Economy,

including policies, laws, modern service industry, transport and information,

agglomeration of headquarters, Central Business District building (CBD), high-quality

human resources and so on. Based on these foctors, the author establishes the

Evaluation System for urban development capacity of Headquarters Economy,

determines the weighing from survey, handles index system with AHP, integrates

composite index of each urban development capacity of Headquarters Economy. Finally,

the arthor further analyzes the 16 urban development capabilities of Headquarters

Economy, divided into four levels: Shanghai as a class; Hangzhou, Nanjing, Wuxi,

Ningbo as a class; Suzhou as a class; Changzhou, Nantong, Yangzhou, Zhenjiang,

Yangzhou, Taizhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou, Shaoxing, Zhoushan, Taizhou for the category.

This paper focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of Headquarters

Economy’s development in the Yangtze River Delta, and development characteristics.

The first characteristic is imbalance among 16 cities, which most headquarters are

located in the Center City District (CBD)，the headquarters base and high-tech Park.

The second is that many headquarters concentrate on the manufacturing industry, the

smaller the proportion of other industries.Textile and garment industry, automobile

manufacturing, equipment manufacturing, pharmaceutical manufacturing, the IT

industry, petroleum chemical industry, iron and steel industries dominated the

Headquarters Economic industry chain has been formed. The last characteristic is that

Headquarters Economy is dependented on urban industry characteristics, and Industry

Cluster becomes important carriers of Headquarters Economy’s spacial value chain in

the Yangtze River Delta.

Finally, the author suggests policies and proposals for Headquarters Economy

development of the Yangtze River Delta.

Key Words: Yangtze River Delta, Headquarters Economy, Industry

Value Chain, Spacial Value Chain

摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章绪论................................................................................................................ - 1 -

§1.1 本文的研究背景........................................................................................ - 1 -

§1.2 本文的研究结构和内容............................................................................ - 2 -

§1.3 本文的研究方法........................................................................................ - 4 -

§1.4 本文的创新点与不足之处........................................................................ - 4 -

第二章总部经济相关理论........................................................................................ - 6 -

§2.1 总部经济理基础.......................................................................................... - 6 -

§2.1.1 价值链理论 ............................................................................................................... - 6 -

§2.1.2 产业集群理论 ........................................................................................................... - 7 -

§2.1.3 比较优势理论 ........................................................................................................... - 8 -

§2.1.4 区域发展理论 ........................................................................................................... - 9 -

§2.1.5 区位选择理论 ........................................................................................................... - 9 -

§2.2 总部经济理论综述.................................................................................. - 11 -

§2.2.1 企业总部与总部经济 ............................................................................................. - 11 -

§2.2.2 企业总部功能与效应 ............................................................................................. - 13 -

§2.2.3 企业总部区位理论 .................................................................................................. - 15 -

§2.2.4 总部产业与总部产业价值链 .................................................................................- 18 -

§2.3 总部经济理论.......................................................................................... - 18 -

§2.3.1 公司总部内涵 ......................................................................................................... - 18 -

§2.3.2 总部经济概念 ......................................................................................................... - 21 -

§2.3.3 总部经济的特征 ..................................................................................................... - 22 -

§2.3.4 总部经济形成过程 .................................................................................................. - 23 -

§2.3.5 总部经济效应 .......................................................................................................... - 25 -

§2.3.6 总部经济影响因素 ................................................................................................. - 27 -

第三章长三角总部经济发展分析 ...................................................................... - 31 -

§3.1 长三角总部经济发展条件分析.............................................................. - 31 -

§3.1.1 长三角总部经济发展优势 ..................................................................................... - 31 -

§3.1.2 长三角总部经济发展劣势 ..................................................................................... - 36 -

§3.2 长三角总部经济现状分析...................................................................... - 38 -

§3.2.1 总体发展现状 ......................................................................................................... - 39 -

§3.2.2 长三角总部经济发展特点 ..................................................................................... - 41 -

§3.2.3 长三角总部经济分布格局 ..................................................................................... - 42 -

§3.2.4 长三角总部经济产业价值链 .................................................................................- 44 -

§3.3 总部经济对长三角影响.......................................................................... - 48 -

§3.3.1 总部经济加快长三角产业转移 .............................................................................- 48 -

§3.3.2 总部经济推动长三角中心城市转型 .....................................................................- 49 -

§3.3.3 总部经济为上海与长三角经济合作提供新思路 .................................................- 49 -

§3.3.4 总部经济有助于长三角围绕优势产业打造完整产业链 .....................................- 50 -

第四章长三角城市总部经济发展能力综合评价.................................................. - 51 -

§4.1 建立评价指标体系.................................................................................. - 51 -

§4.1.1 指标选取原则 ......................................................................................................... - 51 -

§4.1.2 指标体系的框架和指标 ......................................................................................... - 52 -

§4.2 评价指标体系处理.................................................................................. - 55 -

§4.2.1 指标体系处理方法 ................................................................................................. - 55 -

§4.2.2 权重确定 ................................................................................................................. - 56 -

§4.2.3 数据来源 ................................................................................................................. - 57 -

§4.2.4 指数合成 ................................................................................................................. - 57 -

§4.3 聚类分析.................................................................................................. - 58 -

§4.4 结论分析.................................................................................................. - 60 -

第五章长三角总部经济发展建议与对策.............................................................. - 64 -

§5.1 完善长三角总部经济的相关政策.......................................................... - 64 -

§5.2 完善长三角交通网络体系...................................................................... - 65 -

§5.3 加快培养和引进国际化高级专业人才.................................................. - 65 -

§5.4 增强上海中心城市的综合功能.............................................................. - 65 -

§5.5 加快长三角总部经济空间载体建设...................................................... - 66 -

§5.6 推进长三角总部经济产业链建设.......................................................... - 66 -

第六章结论与研究展望.......................................................................................... - 68 -

§6.1 结论............................................................................................................ - 68 -

§6.2 研究展望.................................................................................................... - 68 -

附录.......................................................................................................................... - 69 -

附录一：城市总部经济发展能力评价调查问卷............................................. - 69 -

附录二：指标权重............................................................................................. - 74 -

附录三：上海 2007 年6月跨国公司地区总部名单....................................... - 76 -

附录四：长三角 16 城市标准化数据............................................................... - 81 -

参考文献.................................................................................................................... - 83 -

在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果........................................ - 87 -

致谢.......................................................................................................................... - 89 -

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摘要：

摘要近年来，跨国公司纷纷在上海和北京等国内大城市设立地区总部，与此同时，国内一些大型企业也把自己的总部迁往大城市，而大城市的制造企业将加工基地外迁，形成企业总部和加工基地空间分离的局面。大量企业总部在上海、北京的集聚引起了中央政府和地区政府的高度重视，同时理论界也开始对总部经济这一全新经济形态进行研究。本文借鉴国内外现有文献，对总部经济理论做了全面、系统的综述。综述研究追溯到从最初对企业总部、跨国公司地区总部理论研究出发，到企业总部或跨国公司区位选择理论，再到今天的总部经济理论研究，按照这一逻辑顺序对每个领域每个学者的观点进行整理，对总部经济理论进行综述。在总部经济理论综述的基础上，阐述了总部...

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