一种应用于冰箱的新型回转式制冷压缩机

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3.0 陈辉 2024-11-19 5 4 2.15MB 81 页 15积分
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摘 要
压缩机是电冰箱制冷循环系统的重要部件，它好比人的心脏。电冰箱借助这
个“心脏”，抽吸来自蒸发器的制冷剂蒸汽，提高压力和温度后将其排向冷凝器，
并维持制冷剂在制冷系统中的不断循环流动。
目前市场上生产和使用的冰箱压缩机分为三类：往复式压缩机、直线压缩机
和回转式压缩机。往复式压缩机结构复杂，零件数多，又由于气阀和活塞环等易
损件，使其运行可靠性及使用寿命低；直线压缩机气体力影响较大，活塞行程控
制较困难，直线电机的气隙不均匀将引起附加的侧向力，导致活塞与气缸之间的
摩擦以及支撑部位的摩擦与磨损；与之相比，对于回转式压缩机，电机不需要将
旋转运动转换为往复运动，而是直接带动旋转活塞作旋转运动以完成对制冷剂蒸
气的压缩。
但回转式制冷压缩机也有其应用的局限性，冰箱用转子式压缩机主要存在部
件易磨损、低转速运行性能差等不足。另外，还没有哪种回转式制冷压缩机可以
覆盖所有的冷量范围。
本课题旨在研究一种应用于冰箱的新型回转式制冷压缩机，结合当前部分回
转式制冷压缩机的优点、克服其使用局限性，使其性能高于国内冰箱压缩机的平
均水平，且力求运行系统可靠，结构简单、零部件较少，容积效率较高。本课题
基于冰箱工况，对新型制冷压缩机进行了热力设计计算；然后根据热力计算和工
作原理，对新型制冷压缩机的零部件进行设计计算，其中包括齿轮、双环气缸、
滚动活塞、主动轴、从动轴、轴承；最后对旋转活塞进行了受力分析及强度校核。
在压缩机的设计过程中，采用软件UG对压缩机的零部件进行三维建模，并运
用UG对压缩机的零部件进行装配及运动模拟仿真。根据模型图制作工程图纸，已
经联系了合适的压缩机厂家（复盛实业（上海）有限公司），正在进行样机的制
造。
关键词：冰箱压缩机 回转式压缩机 压缩机设计 热力计算 受力分析
ABSTRACT
The compressor is the heart of a refrigeration system. It plays an important role in
the performance and efficiency of refrigeration system. The heart suck refrigerant vapor
from the evaporator in the refrigerator, discharge it to the condenser after increasing the
pressure and temperature, and maintain the continuously circulate flowing of the
refrigerant in the refrigeration system.
At present, the refrigerator compressors produced and used are divided into three
categories on the market: reciprocating compressor, linear compressor, rotary
compressor. The reciprocating compressor has the characteristic of complex structure,
more parts, more wearing parts, low operation reliability and service life; For linear
compressor, the impact of the gas to compressor is bigger, and the control of piston
stroke is difficult; Compared to above mentioned, for the rotary compressor, the motor
does not need to convert the rotary motion into the reciprocating motion, but directly
drives the piston to rotate in order to complete the compression to the refrigerant vapor .
But rotary compressor also has some application limitations. For the refrigerator
roller-type compressor, there are some weakness such as easiness to wear due to friction
of the component, poor performance under low rotating speed operation and so on. In
addition, there is no rotary compressor that could cover all the operating range.
This paper aims at researching a new kind rotary refrigeration compressor applied
refrigerator which inherits the merits of some existing rotary refrigeration compressor
and discards some application limitations. It also aims to make the performance higher
than the average level of the domestic refrigerator compressor, strive for the reliable
operation system, simple structure, fewer parts and higher volume efficiency. Firstly,
thermodynamic calculation of the new kind refrigeration compressor are carried out
based on the refrigerator working condition; Then the parts of the new kind compressor
are designed according to the thermodynamic calculation and working principle. The
parts includes: gear, cylinder, piston, drive shaft, driven shaft and bearing; Finally, the
stress analysis and strength check to the piston are implemented.
In the compressor design process, The software UG are used for 3D modeling ,
assembly and motion simulation to the compressor parts. The engineering drawings are
almost accomplished now, and the prototype is being manufacturing by the cooperation
with Fusheng (Shanghai) Limited company.
Key Words: refrigerator compressor, rotary compressor, compressor
design, thermodynamic calculation, stress analysis
目 录
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
第一章 绪论................................................................................................................... 1
§1.1 课题的来源及意义........................................................................................ 3
§1.2 国内外研究现状............................................................................................ 4
§1.2.1 往复式制冷压缩机............................................................................. 4
§1.2.2 滚动转子式制冷压缩机..................................................................... 4
§1.2.3 涡旋式制冷压缩机............................................................................. 5
§1.2.4 螺杆式制冷压缩机............................................................................. 6
§1.2.5 离心式制冷压缩机............................................................................. 6
§1.3 全封闭制冷压缩机的发展趋势.................................................................... 7
§1.3.1 电磁振动式压缩机............................................................................. 7
§1.3.2 电动式压缩机..................................................................................... 7
§1.3.3 涡旋式制冷压缩机........................................................................... 10
§1.3.4 新型压缩机的开发........................................................................... 10
§1.4 冰箱用制冷压缩机的发展趋势.................................................................. 12
§1.4.1 滑管式压缩机................................................................................... 13
§1.4.2 连杆式压缩机................................................................................... 13
§1.4.3 滚动转子式压缩机........................................................................... 14
§1.5 本课题的研究任务...................................................................................... 15
第二章 新型冰箱用压缩机的热力计算..................................................................... 16
§2.1 新型压缩机的工作原理简介...................................................................... 16
§2.2 热力计算...................................................................................................... 18
第三章 新型冰箱压缩机的设计................................................................................. 22
§3.1 压缩机的传动机构...................................................................................... 22
§3.2 齿轮的设计.................................................................................................. 22
§3.3 滚动转子的设计.......................................................................................... 27
§3.4 双环气缸的设计.......................................................................................... 28
§3.5 轴承的设计.................................................................................................. 30
§3.6 主动轴的设计.............................................................................................. 33
§3.7 从动轴的设计.............................................................................................. 38
§3.8 排气孔的尺寸计算...................................................................................... 42
§3.9 新型冰箱压缩机的润滑.............................................................................. 43
§3.9.1 气缸的润滑....................................................................................... 43
§3.9.2 齿轮的润滑....................................................................................... 44
第四章 新型冰箱压缩机活塞的应力分析................................................................. 45
§4.1 校核键的强度.............................................................................................. 45
§4.2 校核活塞头部凸缘与活塞头部交界面的强度.......................................... 48
§4.3 校核活塞头部与群部交界面的强度.......................................................... 49
第五章 新型冰箱压缩机零部件的工程图纸............................................................. 53
§5.1 轴套 1........................................................................................................... 53
§5.2 轴套 2........................................................................................................... 54
§5.3 轴承端盖 1................................................................................................... 55
§5.4 轴承端盖 2................................................................................................... 56
§5.5 气缸.............................................................................................................. 57
§5.6 下壳体.......................................................................................................... 58
§5.7 主动轴.......................................................................................................... 59
§5.8 主动轴密封端盖.......................................................................................... 60
§5.9 从动轴.......................................................................................................... 61
§5.10 从动轴密封端盖........................................................................................ 62
§5.11 A 型平键.....................................................................................................63
§5.12 C 型平键.................................................................................................... 64
§5.13 活塞 1......................................................................................................... 65
§5.14 活塞 2......................................................................................................... 66
§5.15 塞柱阀........................................................................................................ 67
§5.16 上壳体........................................................................................................ 68
第六章 结论和展望..................................................................................................... 69
§6.1 结论.............................................................................................................. 69
§6.2 展望.............................................................................................................. 69
符号表............................................................................................................................. 71
参考文献......................................................................................................................... 74
在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果............................................. 77
致谢................................................................................................................................. 78
第一章 绪论
1
第一章 绪 论
随着科学技术的不断进步，人们的生活水平逐渐提高，人们对生活质量的要
求也越来越高。制冷及低温技术的应用越来越快地渗透到了科学研究和生产技术
的每个领域，同时也深刻地影响着国防、建设、工业、农业、和技术探索等国民
经济各个部门的发展。在诸多现代制冷技术中，蒸气压缩式制冷是最普遍、最典
型的制冷方式之一。
应用于蒸气压缩式制冷或热泵系统中的压缩机称为制冷压缩机。制冷系统中，
制冷压缩机相当于系统中的“心脏”[1]（如图1-1所示），制冷压缩机的好坏直接
决定制冷系统性能的好坏，对系统的振动、噪声、运行性能、使用寿命和维护等
有着重要的影响，对制冷系统的功能和效率起着非比寻常的作用。压缩机在系统
中的作用在于：吸收来自蒸发器中的制冷剂蒸汽，提高温度和压力后将其排向冷
凝器，并维持制冷剂在制冷系统中的不断循环流动[2]。
图1-1 制冷系统原理图
制冷压缩机按照制冷剂蒸气的压缩热力学原理可分为容积型压缩机和速度型
摘要：

摘要压缩机是电冰箱制冷循环系统的重要部件，它好比人的心脏。电冰箱借助这个“心脏”，抽吸来自蒸发器的制冷剂蒸汽，提高压力和温度后将其排向冷凝器，并维持制冷剂在制冷系统中的不断循环流动。目前市场上生产和使用的冰箱压缩机分为三类：往复式压缩机、直线压缩机和回转式压缩机。往复式压缩机结构复杂，零件数多，又由于气阀和活塞环等易损件，使其运行可靠性及使用寿命低；直线压缩机气体力影响较大，活塞行程控制较困难，直线电机的气隙不均匀将引起附加的侧向力，导致活塞与气缸之间的摩擦以及支撑部位的摩擦与磨损；与之相比，对于回转式压缩机，电机不需要将旋转运动转换为往复运动，而是直接带动旋转活塞作旋转运动以完成对制冷剂蒸气...

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作者：陈辉 分类：高等教育资料 价格：15积分 属性：81 页 大小：2.15MB 格式：PDF 时间：2024-11-19

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