一维条码印刷质量在线检测关键技术的研究

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摘要

随着异常激烈的市场竞争和计算机科技的高速发展，条形码已成为商品流通

中不可缺少的部分。同时，现代印刷机速度与条码识别正确率要求不断提高，对

条形码的印刷质量检测与控制提出了更高的要求。企业大量条码的高速生产，使

得条码在线检测系统要面临实时性和准确性的双重挑战。本课题就是致力于研究

适合现代企业生产的基于图像处理的一维条码在线检测系统的关键技术。本文给

出了基于图像处理的一维条码在线检测系统设计与算法实现，并通过实验进行了

验证，为条码在线检测系统提供了尝试性的实施方案，并为以后的条码检测应用

奠定了基础。

本文所描述的条形码在线检测系统，是集现代计算机技术与图像处理技术为

一体的条码检测实施方案。系统以实时性与准确性为核心，通过对系统的各模块

关键技术改进与完善，提高系统运作速度。同时，设计新的条码检测算法，用以

达到准确检测的目的。

条码检测系统通过 CCD 摄像头摄取条码图像，先要经过图像采集卡转换成数

字图像，再送入图像采集终端，图像采集终端对获得的图像数据进行处理并显示

图像。这部分的工作都需由图像采集模块来完成。

当系统采集到一幅幅待检测条码图像时，还有一个预处理的过程，这部分的

工作主要是消除在图像采集过程中由于光照条件、机器震动、拍摄位置所产生的

各种图像噪声和图像变形等现象。并且，在图像进入最后的比较检测前，还需要

对待检测图像与模板图像进行定位配准，好的匹配算法将会直接关系到判断的结

果。

最后，就是对待检测图像与标准图像进行比较判断。本文设计了区域相关系

数、矩形度、纹理特征这三个特征参数帮助条码图像的判断检测。

关键字：一维条形码检测图像采集图像处理特征提取

ABSTRACT

With the fierce competition of market and the rapid development of computer

technology, bar code has become an indispensable part of the circulation of

commodities. At the same time, higher requirements for bar code printing quality

detection and control are put forward by continuously improvement in the speed of the

modern press with the more accurate bar code identification system. The enterprises are

producing large numbers of bar code in high-speed, which make the on-line detection

system have to face a dual challenge of real-time and accuracy. This issue is dedicated

to the research of the key technologies in bar code on-line detection system based on

image process which is in match with modern production. In this paper, a bar code

on-line detection system based on image process is designed and a detection algorithm

is accomplished, which is verified in the experiments. A tentative plan is designed for

the bar code on-line detection system and a foundation is made for the practical

applications in bar code detection.

The bar code on-line detection system that described in this paper is an application

achievement of bar code detection which integrates modern computer technology and

image processing technology. The core of this system is real-time and accuracy. The

speed of the system is enhanced in the discussion and technology improvement of each

module of the system. Meanwhile, the design of new detection algorithm for bar code

achieves to the purposes of the accurate detection.

The bar code images are acquired using CCD camera in the barcode detection

system. First, the images are converted to digital image signal through image

acquisition card, and then they are taken into the image acquisition devices, which will

process and display the acquired data images. The work of this part must be completed

by the image acquisition module.

After the detected bar code images were acquired, there is a pretreatment process.

The work of this part is mainly to eliminate a variety of noise and image distortion due

to lighting conditions, machine vibration, filming location of the images and so on,

which are produced by the image collection process. Moreover, the detected images and

the template images need to be located and matched before comparison of the images. A

good matching algorithm will be directly related to the judging results.

Finally, after various steps in front of the preparatory have been completed, it is the

time to compare the detected images with the standard images and determine the quality

of the detected bar code images. Three characteristic parameters are designed to help to

determine and detect bar code images in this paper, including regional correlation

coefficient, rectangular degree, texture features.

Keywords: detection of one-dimensional bar code image acquisition

image process feature parameter extract

中文摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章绪论 .....................................................................................................................1

§1.1 课题目的和意义 .................................................................................................. 1

§1.2 课题研究内容 ...................................................................................................... 2

§1.3 本文组织结构 ...................................................................................................... 3

第二章相关技术 .............................................................................................................5

§2.1 概述 ...................................................................................................................... 5

§2.2 图像采集与数据传输 .......................................................................................... 5

§2.2.1 光源选择 ........................................................................................................6

§2.2.2 同步拍摄 ........................................................................................................6

§2.2.3 图像采集卡 ....................................................................................................6

§2.2.4 数据传输方式选择 ........................................................................................8

§2.3 图像预处理 .......................................................................................................... 8

§2.3.1 图像二值化 ....................................................................................................8

§2.3.2 滤波去噪 .........................................................................................................9

§2.3.3 图像旋转 .......................................................................................................11

§2.3.4 图像匹配定位 ..............................................................................................12

§2.4 特征提取 ............................................................................................................ 14

§2.4.1 纹理特征 ......................................................................................................14

§2.4.2 形状特征 ......................................................................................................15

§2.4.3 空间关系特征 ..............................................................................................17

§2.4.4 判断算法与输出 ..........................................................................................17

§2.5 条码在线检测系统 ............................................................................................ 18

§2.6 本章小结 ............................................................................................................ 18

第三章一维条码印刷质量检测指标与特征提取 .......................................................19

§3.1 概述 .................................................................................................................... 19

§3.2 检测指标的选取 ................................................................................................ 19

§3.2.1 条码质量的基本要求 ..................................................................................19

§3.2.2 印刷质量检测指标 .......................................................................................22

§3.3 特征参数分析与提取 ........................................................................................ 23

§3.3.1 区域相关系数 ...............................................................................................23

§3.3.2 矩形度 ...........................................................................................................24

§3.3.3 纹理特征 .......................................................................................................25

§3.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................ 26

第四章图像采集模块设计 ...........................................................................................27

§4.1 概述 .................................................................................................................... 27

§4.2 光源设计 ............................................................................................................ 27

§4.3 同步拍摄 ............................................................................................................ 28

§4.3.1 同步拍摄控制装置 ......................................................................................29

§4.3.2 同步控制程序 ..............................................................................................29

§4.4 图像采集模块设计 ............................................................................................ 29

§4.4.1 硬件设计 ......................................................................................................30

§4.4.2 软件设计 ......................................................................................................31

§4.5 本章小结 ............................................................................................................ 33

第五章图像预处理 .......................................................................................................34

§5.1 概述 .................................................................................................................... 34

§5.2 边缘去噪 ............................................................................................................ 34

§5.2.1 中值滤波的原理与实现方法 .......................................................................35

§5.2.2 加权中值滤波 ...............................................................................................35

§5.3 图像变换 ............................................................................................................ 37

§5.3.1 投影变换 .......................................................................................................37

§5.3.2 非线性变换 ..................................................................................................37

§5.4 图像配准 ............................................................................................................ 38

§5.4.1 特征空间的选择 ...........................................................................................38

§5.4.2 相似性检测的选择 .......................................................................................39

§5.4.3 搜索空间和策略的选择 ...............................................................................39

§5.4.4 点映射配准方法 ...........................................................................................39

§5.5 本章小结 ............................................................................................................ 40

第六章一维条码在线检测系统设计与实验 ...............................................................41

§6.1 概述 .................................................................................................................... 41

§6.2 系统设计 ............................................................................................................ 41

§6.2.1 条码在线检测原理 ......................................................................................41

§6.2.2 条码检测实验环境及方法 ..........................................................................42

§6.2.3 代码实现 ......................................................................................................44

§6.3 实验结果分析 ..................................................................................................... 46

§6.3.1 矩形度特征检测 ...........................................................................................46

§6.3.2 纹理特征检测 ...............................................................................................46

§6.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................ 47

第七章总结与展望 .......................................................................................................48

参考文献 .........................................................................................................................50

在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 .............................................52

致谢 .................................................................................................................................54

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摘要：

摘要随着异常激烈的市场竞争和计算机科技的高速发展，条形码已成为商品流通中不可缺少的部分。同时，现代印刷机速度与条码识别正确率要求不断提高，对条形码的印刷质量检测与控制提出了更高的要求。企业大量条码的高速生产，使得条码在线检测系统要面临实时性和准确性的双重挑战。本课题就是致力于研究适合现代企业生产的基于图像处理的一维条码在线检测系统的关键技术。本文给出了基于图像处理的一维条码在线检测系统设计与算法实现，并通过实验进行了验证，为条码在线检测系统提供了尝试性的实施方案，并为以后的条码检测应用奠定了基础。本文所描述的条形码在线检测系统，是集现代计算机技术与图像处理技术为一体的条码检测实施方案。系统以实...

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