后殖民翻译理论视域下林译《浮生六记》中的翻译杂合策略

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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

摘要

在西方学术界，虽然后殖民主义翻译理论早在 1980 年代就已经形成，但

它很少被运用在汉译英的翻译实践中，更不必说把权力差异作为影响翻译活动

的因素来考虑。所谓“权力差异”是指各种不同文化之间的权力差异，这可说

是翻译研究的一个新角度。因此不同于以往的语言学或单一文化角度，本文试

图从后殖民主义视角，以中英文化之间的权力差异作为切入口，研究林语堂的

翻译作品《浮生六记》。文化之间的权力差异不仅决定了译者在翻译过程中的

地位——强势地位或者弱势地位，而且会影响译者的翻译目的。以处于文化弱

势的译者为例，他们首先要满足文化处于强势地位的读者的需求，同时还要满

足保留弱势文化即译者自身的需要，因此必须寻找能够在翻译中保留他们弱势

文化的合理方法。这种由文化之间的权力差异导致的双重需求使“杂合策略”

得以产生。它是不同于归化和异化的第三种翻译策略。

本文由四部分组成，其中第四章是主体部分。具体思路如下：本文第一章

首先介绍了研究者们对《浮生六记》翻译的研究，然后着重介绍了有关该作品

的杂合翻译研究。第二章是本文所运用的理论介绍，简要介绍了后殖民主义翻

译理论和杂合策略和杂合度。第三章主要介绍了作为译者的林语堂以及他的译

作《浮生六记》，比如他的文化身份、当时的权力差异，以及他在处理文化摩

擦时的翻译策略。第四章从语言和文化层面分析了林氏版本中杂合的例子，并

以布氏版本中的相应例子为对照，进行了分析。两者之间的对比阐明了高杂合

度有利于文化交流。

简而言之，本文的目的就是研究译者在权力差异的影响下使用杂合策略的

方法，以及确定在翻译活动中有利于当今文化有效交流的杂合度。本文的结论

如下：首先，杂合是所有翻译文本的特征，所以在翻译中使用处于归化和异化

两种翻译策略之间的杂合策略是必然的；其次，在当今文化全球化的趋势下，

高杂合度比低杂合度更有优势。

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

关键词：后殖民主义翻译理论；权力差异；杂合策略；杂合度；林语堂；林译《浮

生六记》

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

III

ABSTRACT

In the Western academic circle, post-colonial translation theory came into being

in the late 1980s, but it was seldom applied to the translation studies and practice from

Chinese to English. Moreover, few researches in China studied C-E translation

activities by taking into consideration power differential that refers to the difference

of power among various cultures around the world, which is a new perspective for

translation study, so this thesis intends to study Lin’s translation book, Six Chapters of

a Floating Life (hereinafter referred to as Six Chapters) from the perspective of

post-colonialism with the power differential between Chinese and English cultures as

the point of penetration.It is different from the previous studies from the perspective

of linguistics or a single culture. Cultural ‘power differential’ not only decides the

statues of translators, either in the weak position or the strong position, but also

affects the goals that translators have to achieve during the process of translation. For

the translators with the weak culture, they have to give priority to the need of readers

with the strong culture, while at the same time they also find effective means to

preserve their own weak culture, which is the translators’ own need. This double need

originating from power differential gives birth to the third strategy of translation,

hybrid strategy, which is different from domestication and foreignization.

This thesis consists of four chapters, with the fourth one as the main body.

Chapter One summaries the previous studies of the translation of Six Chapters and its

hybridity strategy. Chapter Two introduces the post-colonial translation theory and

defines the primary terms of hybrid strategy and hybrid degree in the theory. Chapter

Three mainly introduces Lin Yutang as a translator and his Six Chapters, including

Lin’s cultural identity, his power differential between Chinese and English culture and

his translation strategy when he was translating Six Chapters and coping with its

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

cultural clashes. Chapter Four analyzes the specific examples in Six Chapters from

the perspectives of linguistic and cultural hybridity with The Autobiography by Black

as a comparison. The comparison of examples about hybridity in Six Chapters and

The Autobiography elaborates the difference of hybrid degree between them.

This thesis intends to find out the way translators employ hybrid strategy under

the effect of power differential and the degree of hybridity that serves the effective

communication of cultures nowadays. It concludes that hybridity is the common

feature of translation texts as long as the power differential between different cultures

exists in the real world, so that hybrid strategy as the third translation strategy apart

from domestication and foreignization should be employed in the real translation

activities; the high hybrid degree has an advantage over the low one nowadays

because of the global trend of cultural development.

Key words: post-colonial translation theory; power differential; hybrid strategy;

hybrid degree; Lin Yutang; Six Chapters of a Floating Life

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

Contents

Introduction…..........……………………………………………………………..1

Chapter 1 Literature Review.................................................................................4

1.1 Previous Studies on Translation of Six Chapters ...........……………......4

1.2 Previous Studies on Hybridity in Six Chapters.......................………......9

1.3 Generalization of the Previous Studies.............................…...………...10

Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework …….....……………..……............…..…....12

2.1 Overview of Post-colonial Translation Theory….......……………........12

2.2 Primary Terms of the Post-colonial Translation Theory: Hybrid Strategy

and Hybrid Degree……..........................................................................16

Chapter 3 Lin Yutang and his Six Chapters…..................................................20

3.1 Lin Yutang as a Writer...............….............................……….................20

3.2 Lin Yutang as a Translator and his Six Chapters ...........……….............23

Chapter 4 Study on Hybrid Strategy in Six Chapters.......................................27

4.1 Hybrid Strategy in Lin’s Six Chapters…….....................…....………...27

4.2 Comparison of Translation Strategy between Six Chapters and The

Autobiography……................……………………….………………....44

Conclusion………………………………………………….………………........51

Bibliography……………………………………………………………….........53

Appendix………………………………………………………………….…......56

Acknowledgements……………………………………….………………..........57

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

Introduction

1. Significance of the Research

Fu Sheng Liu Ji, an autobiography of Shen Fu, is known in the second and third

decade of the nineteenth century. Due to its exotic feature and profound cultural

connotation, this book made its name overseas in the 1930s when Lin Yutang firstly

introduced it to the western world by his translation. Although later translation

attempts were made by Shirley Black in the 1960s and Leonard Pratt in the 1980s,

western scholars and readers generally regard Lin’s version, Six Chapters, as the best

one and speak highly of his delicate English and effective communication between

cultures. But the researches of Six Chapters are seldom compared with other English

versions. In order to enlarge its research range, the present author will compare Lin’s

hybrid strategy in Six Chapters with Black’s version.

Hybridity as a term has been used in various fields, such as in biology, computer

science, linguistics and literature, etc. However, it in this thesis refers to a common

feature of translation texts according to Tejaswini Niranjana (Niranjana, 1992), a

lecturer in an English department. Moreover, the point of view that “hybridity”

results in by “hybrid strategy” is put forward by translation theorists. Homi Bhabha,

one of the pioneers in the field of post-colonialism, introduces the term “hybridity” in

The Location of Culture (Bhabha,1994: 114). Although traditional translation

strategies always fall into binary classification like literal and free translation,

semantic and communicative translation, foreignization and domestication etc., he

thinks that there is a “third space” between them and believes that this “third space”

gives birth to hybrid strategy which bears the heavy weight of cultural differences and

integrated cultural products.

This thesis will illustrate that hybrid strategy is a gradual transition between the

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摘要：

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文I摘要在西方学术界，虽然后殖民主义翻译理论早在1980年代就已经形成，但它很少被运用在汉译英的翻译实践中，更不必说把权力差异作为影响翻译活动的因素来考虑。所谓“权力差异”是指各种不同文化之间的权力差异，这可说是翻译研究的一个新角度。因此不同于以往的语言学或单一文化角度，本文试图从后殖民主义视角，以中英文化之间的权力差异作为切入口，研究林语堂的翻译作品《浮生六记》。文化之间的权力差异不仅决定了译者在翻译过程中的地位——强势地位或者弱势地位，而且会影响译者的翻译目的。以处于文化弱势的译者为例，他们首先要满足文化处于强势地位的读者的需求，同时还要满足保留弱势文化即译者自身的需...

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