从有限生命到无限心灵——斯宾诺莎身心合一论的伦理解析

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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

摘要

本论文立足于斯宾诺莎身心合一论的伦理特色，对其理论内涵进行了重新诠

释；对身心合一论的伦理价值进行了详尽地解析，以期寻找身心和谐的良方，心

灵安顿的路径，为和谐社会的构建提供理论资源。

斯宾诺莎身心合一论的伦理诠释首先是必要的和可能的，这是基于斯宾诺莎

身心合一论的伦理诉求和哲学基础。具体而言，斯宾诺莎哲学浓厚的伦理色彩决

定了其身心合一论鲜明的伦理诉求；实体一元论为身心合一论提供了本体论基

础；人是自然的一部分为身心合一论提供了自然律支撑；追求人的幸福和至善是

身心合一论的主旨和使命。

反观现代社会道德沦丧的现实境况，对斯宾诺莎身心合一论伦理内涵的诠释

更具有时代急迫性。基于伦理学的视角，本文把斯宾诺莎的身心合一论界定为有

限生命和无限心灵的中道。身体（有限生命）指的是围绕人的自然权利和基本需

要展开的一系列盲目冲动和被动情感；心灵(无限心灵)指的是不断进阶的理智认

识和精神境界。中道包括两个层面的含义：从静态而言，“中道”指的是不偏不

倚，恰如其分——即有限生命和无限心灵达到了一种和谐冲融的气象；从动态而

言，“中道”指的是主体积极寻求一种身心平衡，而平衡的标准即是“道”——

遵循自然之道；合乎人伦之道；契合理智之道。按照“道”的标准，主体的“身

心合一”是动态、开放、发展的系统。从最初的契合理智之道，实现自身的和谐；

到合乎人伦之道，实现人与社会、人与他人的和谐；最后遵循自然之道，追求与

自然相和谐的境界。从而实现人本身的和谐——人与外部世界的和谐——人自身

的和谐之良性循环。这种和谐的实现并不是空想，而是牢固建立在主客观条件统

一的基础上的：主观条件——个体自身的和谐；客观条件——人与外部世界（他

人、社会、自然）的和谐关系，最后主客观条件在更大的实体（自然）的囊括中

达到了统一。

通过斯宾诺莎身心合一论伦理阐释的必要性证明，伦理内涵的挖掘，斯宾诺

莎身心合一论的伦理价值也逐步凸显出来：它是医治现代社会个体身心失衡的良

方；是人与他人和谐的指南；是人与社会和谐的助力；是人与自然和谐的向导。

这也是本文的主旨所在，通过斯宾诺莎身心合一论的伦理诠释与伦理价值解析，

以期医治现代社会个体身心失衡的弊病。而个体自身的和谐是社会和谐的基础。

因为只有个体身心和谐，道德信仰坚定、精神有所归宿、心灵趋向充实圆满，才

能够“仁爱”他人、积极主动关注和参与社会公共生活、感恩与畏敬自然，从而

才能实现人与外部世界的和谐，和谐社会才能早日到来。

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

本文的创新点在于立足于斯宾诺莎身心合一论的伦理诠释，用有限生命和无

限心灵的中道来界定其核心内涵；通过中道静态和动态的两重含义来解释人与外

部世界的双向互动关系；通过无限心灵的超越性追求来洗涤人的心灵，探寻生命

的终极价值，从而升华人的境界。

本文的理论价值和现实价值：理论层面，有利于拓宽国内和谐理论研究的视

野；丰富国内身心和谐理论的内容；补充国内对斯宾诺莎身心合一论的研究。现

实层面，有利于个体身心和谐的实现；有利于和谐社会的构建。

关键词：斯宾诺莎；身心合一论；中道；理智之道；人伦之道；自然之道

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

III

ABSTRACT

Spinoza's theory on the unity of body and mind were collated and summarized

under the ethical perspective; this article interpreted the content about the unity of

body and mind ; analyzing its value to cure ills of modern society—— the

imbalance between body and mind, to provide theoretical support and spirit.power for

the construction of a harmonious society.

Firstly we explained the necessity and possibility of the ethical interpretation on

spinoza’s theory about the unity of body and mind.introducing its backgroud. In detail,

strong ethical color of Spinoza's philosophy determines the ethical demands of the

theory on the unity of body and mind; physical monism provides the ontological

foundation of the entity for the body and mind; person is a part of the

nature,which offers natural law support; pursuiting happiness and perfection is the

subject and mission.

Secondly we interpretated the ethical content: the body (limited life) refers to the

natural rights of people,the activities around desires and emotionl; Mind means the

eternal heart;from the static case, "Middle-way" means that limited life and the

infinite mind are in a harmonious atmosphere; from the dynamic case "middle way"

means subject search the balance for body and mind, according to the balant standards

- following the natural way; the way of human relations; and sensible way. In

accordance with the standard above, the subject’s unity of body and mind is a

dynamic, open and developing system. Levels of this way is infinite. mind’s

expanding. Well ,first of all ,to complete the harmony of himself, and then create the

harmony between man and the outside world (the objective harmonious environment),

in order to achieve the harmonious relationship between two-way interaction : from

the harmony of himself- the harmony between human and the outside world(other

people, society and nature) – the harmony of himself,which is the harmony circle.

And this virtuous circle is not closed, rigid but dynamic, progressive, growing. In

reality, the subjective condition and the objective condition are combined in the

nature.

Thirdly we revealed the ethical value of the unity on body and mind : it is a

good treatment to cure the imbalance of body and mind on individuals in modern

society , it is a good guide to achieve the harmony between man and other persons;it

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

is a power to achieve the harmonybetween human and society; it is a helper to achieve

the harmony between human and nature .which is the main purpose of this article,

interpreting the content and analyzing the ethical value on Spinoza’s theory about

unity of body and mind, through this way,we can heal the imbalance of body and

mind in modern society, only realizing the harmony of oneself firstly,can we achieve

the harmony with others, the harmony between human and society,the harmony

between human and nature, and then harmonious society.will arrive early.

The Innovation of this paper including three points:firstly,the ethical

interpretation on the unity of body and mind ;secondly,the double meaning on middle

way;thirdly,explaining two-way interactions between people and world .

The theoretical value and practical value: on the theoretical level, broadening

the vision of domestic harmony theory; riching the content of the theory of domestic

harmony theory; supplementing domestic Spinoza's theory on the unity of mind and

body.on the practical level, this article is conductive to the realization of the individual

harmony and the Society harmony.

Keywords:spinoza; the unity of body and mind; middle way; natural way; the way of

human relations; the reasonal way

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摘要：

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文I摘要本论文立足于斯宾诺莎身心合一论的伦理特色，对其理论内涵进行了重新诠释；对身心合一论的伦理价值进行了详尽地解析，以期寻找身心和谐的良方，心灵安顿的路径，为和谐社会的构建提供理论资源。斯宾诺莎身心合一论的伦理诠释首先是必要的和可能的，这是基于斯宾诺莎身心合一论的伦理诉求和哲学基础。具体而言，斯宾诺莎哲学浓厚的伦理色彩决定了其身心合一论鲜明的伦理诉求；实体一元论为身心合一论提供了本体论基础；人是自然的一部分为身心合一论提供了自然律支撑；追求人的幸福和至善是身心合一论的主旨和使命。反观现代社会道德沦丧的现实境况，对斯宾诺莎身心合一论伦理内涵的诠释更具有时代急迫性。基于伦理...

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