高炉鼓风系统运行节能分析研究

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摘要

高炉鼓风机站作为钢铁企业一个重要的动力能源供应站，同时也是一个能耗

大户，其占钢铁企业动力系统总能耗的 60%左右，如何降低高炉鼓风系统能耗已

成为钢铁企业鼓风机站节能降耗一个新的研究方向。

本文是在对宝钢高炉鼓风机站鼓风系统进行全面调研的基础上，并在现有高

炉鼓风技术的条件下，以保证鼓风机能为高炉安全、稳定地供风为原则，结合高

炉炼铁工艺要求，从理论上对高炉鼓风系统的主要辅助子系统的运行状况进行计

算分析，主要研究内容包括对过滤除尘系统的滤筒压差变化及更换周期的研究、

制冷脱湿系统的脱湿效果和冷冻机运行情况以及对送风管路中鼓风机机前管路阻

损数学模型的研究分析等。

本文以宝钢高炉鼓风系统运行的节能分析研究为例，通过大量实测数据从理

论上对几个重要的辅助子系统运行情况进行整理、计算、分析、归纳，并与鼓风

系统实际运行情况进行对比，得出了以下几点结论：

1、鼓风机站空气过滤器滤筒的质量、安装以及设备使用维护工作方面需要加

强与重视；宝钢使用的过滤器滤筒压差达到 1600 左右时更换滤筒最为经济。

2、通过对脱湿器在不同时期的脱湿效果研究，得出了宝钢几台脱湿器的实际

脱湿效果、能耗情况以及气候条件和冷水机组供冷能力对脱湿效果的影响最大。

3、高炉鼓风脱湿系统在夏季高温情况下，冷冻机组供冷能力不足，导致脱湿

效果不明显，需进一步加强这一时期冷冻机组的运行效率，提高供冷能力。

4、在流体力学基本原理的基础上，基于高炉鼓风机的送风特性，建立了高炉

鼓风机机前管路阻损数学模型，并对阻力损失随其关联因素的变化进行计算分析。

5、针对鼓风系统运行模式和机组性能特点，结合高炉实际供风要求，提出相

应的技术改进建议。

本文将高炉鼓风系统的实际运行情况与理论分析有效地结合起来，实现了对

鼓风系统运行的技术分析，从根源上找出鼓风系统影响能耗实际情况以及各辅助

系统对鼓风系统能耗影响因素，并对其产生原因进行深入分析。结合各系统实际

运行现状提出更为合理的运行模式以及一些可行的技术改进措施。提高鼓风系统

的整体运行效率，有效降低鼓风机站的耗电量。本文的研究成果可以为钢铁企业

鼓风机站的运行节能分析以及优化鼓风系统运行工作提供一定的借鉴。

关键词：高炉鼓风系统运行分析节能

ABSTRACT

The blower station is one of most important power supply in a steel enterprise,

meanwhile it is a large energy consumption unit, and which accounts for 60% of the

total energy consumption of the power system in steel enterprise. How to reduce the

energy consumption has became a new research direction in blower station of steel

enterprise.

This paper is based on the comprehensive investigation of the blast system in

Baosteel, and on the basis of the conditions of the existing BF technology to ensure that

the blast furnace safety, stability, and combined with the blast furnace iron making

process requirement, analysis theoretically the operating condition of the auxiliary

subsystem. The main research contents of air filter dust removal system including the

filter canister pressure changes as well as the calculation of the canister best change

cycle; refrigeration drying system including the drying effect of dehumidification as

well as the performance of the refrigeration units; supply air pipeline resistance loss

model before blower of BF

In this paper, the energy saving analysis of Baosteel blast furnace system is

running as an example, the operation of several important auxiliary subsystem is

summarized, calculated, analyzed by a large number of measured data, and then

compare the actual operation with the theoretical results, draw the following conclusion:

1、

The purchase, installation and maintenance work of the air filter canister need to

be strengthened and more attention; the most economical filter canister pressure is about

1600Pa to replace the canister in Baosteel.

2、Through the drying effect of the dehumidification at different times, it obtained

actual drying effect of Baosteel’s as well as the largest influencing factors in the

dehumidification was the climatic conditions and refrigeration equipment cooling

capacity.

3、The blast furnace drying system in the high temperature summer case, as the

refrigeration units lack cooling capacity, the drying effect of dehumidification is not

obvious, need to further strengthen the operational efficiency of the refrigeration units

in this period to improve the cooling capacity.

4、Be base on the fluid dynamics, a pipeline resistance loss mathematical model

before blower of BF is established, and the pipeline resistance losses is analyzed

theoretically.

5、According to the above analysis, the actual situation of blower station, the

corresponding economic feasible energy saving programs are proposed.

This paper combine the actual operation of blast furnace system with the theory of

it, it achieves a reasonable analysis of the blast furnace system. The paper identifies the

root causes of the blast system energy consumption as well as the factors of the

auxiliary systems to influence the system energy consumption, and then according to

the operation of the system, more efficient, reasonable and economical mode of

operation and the feasible improvements are proposed. It will improve the operational

efficiency of the whole blast system, and reduce the energy consumption. The results

of this paper is not only for the operational energy-saving analysis of Baosteel’ blower

station but also other steel enterprises.

Keywords: Blast furnace, Blast system, Operation analysis,

Energy saving.

中文摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章绪论............................................................................................................ 1

§1.1 课题研究背景 ······························································································· 1

§1.1.1 我国能源利用现状 .............................................................................. 1

§1.1.2 我国钢铁工业用能现状 ...................................................................... 2

§1.2 高炉炼铁鼓风系统能耗现状 ······································································· 4

§1.3 本课题研究的内容 ······················································································· 5

§1.4 本课题研究的意义 ······················································································· 7

§1.5 本章小结······································································································· 7

第二章宝钢高炉炼铁鼓风系统 ................................................................................ 8

§2.1 高炉炼铁工艺概况 ······················································································· 8

§2.1.1 高炉炼铁生产工艺流程介绍 .............................................................. 8

§2.1.2 送风对高炉炼铁工艺的影响 .............................................................11

§2.2 高炉鼓风工艺概况 ····················································································· 12

§2.2.1 宝钢高炉鼓风工艺流程 .................................................................... 12

§2.2.2 宝钢高炉鼓风系统概况 .................................................................... 13

§2.3 宝钢高炉鼓风系统能耗现状 ····································································· 17

§2.4 高炉鼓风系统节能潜力及方向·································································· 19

§2.5 本章小结····································································································· 19

第三章高炉鼓风系统运行分析 .............................................................................. 20

§3.1 过滤除尘系统运行分析 ············································································· 20

§3.1.1 过滤系统对鼓风系统的影响 ............................................................ 20

§3.1.2 过滤器及其工作原理介绍 ................................................................ 21

§3.1.3 过滤器压差分析 ................................................................................ 23

§3.1.4 滤筒最佳更换周期分析 .................................................................... 26

§3.2 制冷脱湿系统运行分析 ············································································· 28

§3.2.1 脱湿系统对鼓风系统的影响 ............................................................ 28

§3.2.2 鼓风脱湿系统及其工作原理介绍 .................................................... 29

§3.2.3 脱湿器运行分析 ................................................................................ 31

§3.2.4 冷冻机运行分析 ................................................................................ 38

§3.3 本章小结····································································································· 42

第四章高炉鼓风系统阻损数学模型及实例分析 .................................................. 43

§4.1 引言············································································································· 43

§4.2 高炉鼓风机机前阻损数学模型的建立······················································ 44

§4.2.1 空气过滤器阻损数学模型 ................................................................ 45

§4.2.2 脱湿器阻损数学模型 ........................................................................ 46

§4.2.3 管路阻损数学模型 ............................................................................ 46

§4.2.4 高炉鼓风系统机前阻损数学模型 .................................................... 47

§4.3 实例计算与分析 ························································································· 47

§4.4 本章小结····································································································· 48

第五章高炉鼓风系统节能方案可行性分析 .......................................................... 49

§5.1 脱湿冷凝水回收再利用 ············································································· 49

§5.2 非脱湿期送风管路旁通设计 ····································································· 51

§5.3 降低循环冷却水温度 ················································································· 53

§5.4 人工清扫过滤器 ························································································· 55

§5.5 本章小结····································································································· 56

第六章结论及建议 .................................................................................................. 58

§6.1 结论············································································································· 58

§6.2 建议············································································································· 59

字符表 ...................................................................................................................... 60

参考文献 ...................................................................................................................... 61

在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 ............................................ 64

致谢 ...................................................................................................................... 65

第一章绪论

§1.1 课题研究背景

§1.1.1 我国能源利用现状

能源是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要自然资源，也是国家和社会经济发展

的重要支柱。能源的有效利用关系着整个国民经济的发展，关系着整个人类社会

的生产和生活。回顾人类社会发展历史，人类文明的每一次进步都伴随着能源利

用的改进和更替。随着工业化地快速发展，人类社会的进步与能源利用之间关系

越来越密切。世界各国经济发展的实践表明，在经济正常发展的状况下，一个国

家的国民经济发展与能源消耗增长率之间存在正比例关系[1]。

我国幅员辽阔，地大物博，全国能源储量丰富、多样。但我国人口众多，能

源消耗量也大。2008 年我国能源生产总量达到 26 亿吨标准煤，居世界第一[2]，长

期以来，我国能源事业在地质、勘探、加工转化等方面都取得了长足的发展。我

国能源资源及其利用现状有以下特点：

一、储量丰富、人均资源量较低，且资源分布不均衡

我国是世界上能源资源较为丰富的国家之一，且种类齐全。对于一些常规能

源如煤炭、石油、天然气和水力资源等储量均很大。截止 2007 年底，我国煤炭剩

余开采储量 1,145 亿吨，位居世界第三；石油剩余可采储量为 20.5 亿吨；目前我

国探明的天然气地质资源量为 22.66 万亿立方米，开采资源量为 14.36 万亿立方米；

水力资源丰富，目前我国水力发电经济可开发总量为 4×108kW ，居世界首位[3]；

但是，我国人口基数大，人均所占有的能源资源低于世界平均水平，据统计我国

人均煤炭、石油、天然气分别仅占到世界平均水平的 42.5%、17.1%和13.2%[4]，

而且资源分布及不平衡，煤炭主要集中在华北、西北地区，水力资源主要分布西

南地区，石油、天然气主要分布在东、中、西部地区和海域[5]。

二、能源结构不合理，环境污染严重

长期以来，受自然资源储量条件影响，我国能源结构以煤炭为主，煤炭产量

自2002 年以来，在整个能源生产结构中所占比例一直保持在 76%左右[6]。这种以

低热值化石燃料为主的一次能源消费的结构，加大了对环境保护的压力。由于煤

炭中含有大量的不可燃的矿物质、含硫和含氮的物质，所以在燃烧过程中会产生

大量的固体颗粒物，以及且含硫含氮物质在燃烧过程中被氧化，生成大量对大气

环境造成严重危害的、和，能源工业所面对的环境、气候问题形式

严峻。

CO X

SO X

高炉鼓风系统运行节能分析研究

三、能源消费急剧增长，供需存在矛盾

随着中国工业经济地不断发展，能源需求量也不断增大，供需矛盾也变得越

来越突出，严重制约国民经济发展。目前，国内能源消耗量呈逐年上升趋势，能

源消费总量从 1978 年的 57,144 万吨标准煤到 2008 年的 285,000 万吨标准煤，年

平均增长 5.4%，其中煤炭年平均增长 5.3%，天然气年平均增长 6%，石油年平均

增长 6%，水电、风电、核电年平均增长 8.8%左右[7]，而且自 1992 年国内能源消

费量首次超过能源供应量以来，能源供需差距日益扩大，能源供应总量始终不能

满足能源的需求量。

四、能源利用率低

我国作为一个能源消费大国，位居世界第二，但是能源利用率相对工业发达

国家差距较大。在常规能源利用中，我国的煤炭利用率约为 27%，天然气利用率

约为 57%，原油利用率约为 50%，国内能源综合利用率约为 33%，低于世界发达

国家约 10 个百分点[8]。能源利用率低也就是表现为我国单位GDP的能耗高，根据

相关资料显示，2008 年我国 1亿美元GDP消耗能源 462.88toe（吨油当量），比德

国多消耗 377.18toe（吨油当量），比日本多消耗 359.51toe（吨油当量），比巴西多

消耗 321.41toe（吨油当量），比美国多消耗 301.03toe（吨油当量），比印度多消耗

107.01toe（吨油当量）[9]，可见我国能源利用率极低，有待提高。

§1.1.2 我国钢铁工业用能现状

2009 年全年我国生铁总产量为 54,374.82 万吨，比上一年增长 15.9%，占全世

界生铁产量的 60.53%，显然我国已成为世界第一大生铁生产国[10]，而且正在从一

个钢铁大国向钢铁强国逐步迈进。自上世纪 90 年代以来，我国钢铁行业尤其是大

型钢铁联合企业大力开展各项节能减排措施，同时依靠现代钢铁生产技术、节约

能源、矿产和水等天然资源，一定程度上缓解了我国能源供应紧张的局面。但是，

我国钢铁行业仍然存在小型钢铁企业比重多，产业分散、产品机构不合理，产能

过剩问题较为严重；吨钢能耗以及环境保护同国际先进水平相比仍存在很大差距

[11]，另外，钢铁工业能源以煤炭为主、矿石以贫矿为主的基本国情和企业现状等

都是我国钢铁工业所要面临的难题[12]。

钢铁工业是工业部门中的能源消耗大户，也是一个污染物排放大户，同时也

是国家实施节能减排工作的重点行业之一。我国钢铁能源消耗结构以煤炭为主，

约占总能耗的 70%，其次是电力 26%，石油类 3.5%，天然气 0.5%[13]，。另外，根

据工信部最新提供的数据显示，钢铁工业能源消耗约占工业总能耗的 23％，占全

国总能耗的 16.1％。国内钢铁企业每生产一吨钢材，需要消耗 23 吨自然资源，而

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摘要：

摘要高炉鼓风机站作为钢铁企业一个重要的动力能源供应站，同时也是一个能耗大户，其占钢铁企业动力系统总能耗的60%左右，如何降低高炉鼓风系统能耗已成为钢铁企业鼓风机站节能降耗一个新的研究方向。本文是在对宝钢高炉鼓风机站鼓风系统进行全面调研的基础上，并在现有高炉鼓风技术的条件下，以保证鼓风机能为高炉安全、稳定地供风为原则，结合高炉炼铁工艺要求，从理论上对高炉鼓风系统的主要辅助子系统的运行状况进行计算分析，主要研究内容包括对过滤除尘系统的滤筒压差变化及更换周期的研究、制冷脱湿系统的脱湿效果和冷冻机运行情况以及对送风管路中鼓风机机前管路阻损数学模型的研究分析等。本文以宝钢高炉鼓风系统运行的节能分析研究为...

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