三七的真空冷冻干燥实验研究

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3.0 高德中 2024-11-19 5 4 4.27MB 67 页 15积分
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三七的真空冷冻干燥实验研究
摘 要
中医药是我国的国粹，且资源丰富，中药以其安全、有效、副作用小为广大患
者所接受，需求量大。干燥是影响中药品质的一个重要因素，干燥的好坏将直接
影响产品的使用、质量和外观等。传统的中药干燥法有诸多弊端，但是其一次干燥
量大，操作简便，成本低，仍被广泛使用着。真空干燥可消除常压干燥情况下容
易产生的表面硬化现象。
本文采用真空冷冻干燥法干燥三七切片。冷冻干燥技术不仅对生产优质的食
品起着很重要的作用，现也应用到药品的干燥中。它可以最大限度地保存药用有
效成分的活性，较好地保持药材的外观品质、颜色、气味，脱水彻底，保存性好，
所以冻干技术适合应用于中药材的加工中，其附加值高。
中药冷冻干燥在国内还没有广泛开展起来，目前还只局限在人参、鹿茸、天麻
灵芝、冬虫夏草等少量中药材的冷冻干燥，在冻干三七作为方便、即食的营养品中
还存在着空白和不足，尤其是与其他干燥方法的相比，应用冻干技术加工三七的
优缺点，以及干燥工艺的优化。
在借鉴前人的研究基础上，本课题旨在探索三七切片的最佳冻干工艺，进一
步研究前处理对冻干三七品质的影响，并探讨不同的干燥方法处理三七切片的结
果，同时对有效成分的提取也进行了研究。为改善和提高三七切片的品质提供一
定的指导。具体的研究内容和结果如下：
1）用 DSC 法测定三七主根的共晶共融点温度，为冻干工艺参数的设定提供
依据。根据实验来确定三七各项冻干工艺参数，以有效成分人参皂苷 Rg1 为指标，
初步得到的三七冻干最佳工艺，再对其进行感官及复水的综合测评，最终确定适
合三七切片冻干的最佳工艺：切片厚度 1mm、预冻温度-25℃、一次干燥时间 3h、
二次干燥温度 40℃。真空度维持在 40 Pa 以内。研究还发现，切片厚度 1mm、3mm
和5mm，切片厚度越大，有效成分的含量反而降低。
2）对比不同干燥方法对三七切片品质的影响。主要研究热风干燥、真空干燥
和冻干三种干燥方法的最佳工艺下，干燥三七的有效成分含量、孔隙率、内部微观
结构、复水品质和感官特性等方面，研究发现：三种干燥方法制的的三七切片品
质为：真空冷冻干燥>热风干燥>真空干燥，并进一步对其原因进行探讨，以提高
三七干燥的品质。
3）研究不同的前处理对三七冻干品质的影响，主要从漂烫、蒸汽熏蒸、针刺
等方式进行研究，并从有效成分含量、内部结构、孔隙分布、复水品质、感官特性等
进行综合评价，研究发现，针刺处理后的制品表现出最优秀品质。
4）采用超声波协助提取法对有效成分的提取进行工艺优化，香草醛-高氯酸
比色法测定有效成分的含量。结果表明，试验采用 12 倍量70%的乙醇溶液、超声
波作用强度59KHz、提取 60min 的工艺可以使有效成分提取率最高。
关键词：三七 真空冷冻干燥 热风干燥 真空干燥 超声波 品质 前处理
ABSTRACT
Chinese herbal medicine is the quintessence of our national culture. For its safe,
effective and less side-effect, Chinese herbal medicine is accepted by the majority of
patients and is largely demanded.The quality of drying is an important factor in Chinese
medicine, drying directly affects the use of products, quality and appearance. Traditional
drying method of Chinese medicine has many drawbacks, but it is large, simple and low
cost,and still be used widely now. Vacuum drying eliminates the surface prone to
hardening under the atmospheric pressure dry conditions.
In this paper, drying the slice of Panax uses vacuum freeze-drying. Freeze drying
technology is not only for the high quality food, but also applys for the drying of
medicines. It can be best to preserve the activity of medicine,
maintain the better appearance, color, smells, dehydrated completely. Freeze-drying
technology is suitable for processing Chinese herbal medicines, and it has high add
value.
Freeze-drying is not carried out widely in the domestic. It is still confined to the
ginseng, deer horn, Tianma, Ganoderma,Cordyceps sinensis. There are still gaps and
shortcomings in Panax’s freeze-drying, especially the advantages and disadvantages of
freeze-drying processing of Panax, and the optimization of drying process when
compared with other drying methods.
Drawing on previous researchs, this thesis aims to explore the best freeze-drying
process of Panax slices,and further study the influence of the pre-treatment on the
quality of freeze-drying Panax, and disscuss the results of different drying methods in
Panax. The method of extraction active ingredients is also studied. To improve and
enhance the quality of Panax slices,specific contents and results are as follow:
1) The eutectic point temperature and inclusive point temperature of Panax is
measured by DSC, it provides the basis for the setting of freeze-drying process
parameters. According to the experiment, the freeze-drying Panax parameters can be
determined.Obtain the better freeze-drying technology by the index of ingredient
ginsenoside Rg1 and then do same comprehensive evaluation of senses and water
recovery, and ultimately determines the appropriate the Panax freeze-drying technology:
slices
thickness of 1mm, pre-freezing temperature of -25 ℃, drying time of 3h, the secondary
drying temperature is 40 ℃. Vacuum maintaines at 40 Pa or less. The study also found
that the larger thickness of slices can reduced the content of active ingredient.
2) Compare the different drying methods on the quality of Panax slices.The study
include the content of the active ingredients of Panax drying, porosity, internal micro-
structure, re-water quality and sensory characteristics under the three optimums of hot
air drying, vacuum drying and freeze drying methods.Study found that: the quality of
Panax slices in three drying methods is: vacuum freeze-drying> Hot air drying> vacuum
drying.Discuss the reason in order to improve the quality of Panax.
3)Study the different pre-treatments on the quality of freeze-drying Panax.
Different pre-treatments include blanching, steam fumigation, acupuncture and so
on.Take the comprehensive assessments such as the active ingredient content, internal
structure, pore distribution, rehabilitation, sensory characteristics. Acupuncture
treatment shows the best quality of the products.
4) Extracting effective components by the ultrasonic assisted extraction method. To
determine the content of the active ingredient with vanillin - perchloric acid colorimetric
method. The result shows that 12 times with 70% ethanol, ultrasonic intensity 59KHz,
60min extraction processing can extracted the highest rates of the active ingredients.
Key Word: Panax, vacuum freeze-drying, hot air drying ，vacuum
drying ，ultrasonic ，quality ， vacuum freeze-drying of
pre-treatment
目 录
摘要
ABSTRACT
第一章 绪 论...................................................................................................................1
§1.1 中药材干燥方法简介....................................................................................1
§1.2 真空冷冻干燥技术概述................................................................................3
§1.2.1 真空冷冻干燥..........................................................................................3
§1.2.2 冷冻干燥的基本原理..............................................................................3
§1.2.3 冷冻干燥的过程......................................................................................4
§1.2.4 真空冷冻干燥技术的发展......................................................................6
§1.3 药品冷冻干燥研究进展................................................................................7
§1.3.1 药品冷冻干燥研究进展..........................................................................7
§1.3.2 真空冷冻干燥药品的特点......................................................................9
§1.4 三七冷冻干燥研究进展..............................................................................10
§1.4.1 三七简介................................................................................................10
§1.4.2 冻干技术在三七加工中的应用............................................................11
§1.5 三七有效成分的提取...................................................................................12
§1.6 当前研究存在的不足...................................................................................13
§1.7 本课题研究的内容和意义...........................................................................13
第二章 三七的真空冷冻干燥工艺研究......................................................................15
§2.1 主要仪器及设备..........................................................................................15
§2.1.1 真空冷冻干燥机....................................................................................15
§2.2 材料与方法..................................................................................................17
§2.2.1 材料与设备............................................................................................17
§2.2.2 三七冻干的工艺流程............................................................................17
§2.2.3 实验方法................................................................................................19
§2.3 结果与分析..................................................................................................22
§2.3.1 三七的共晶点共融点温度....................................................................22
§2.3.2 确定预冻温度、升华温度和真空度....................................................23
§2.3.3 二次干燥的温度和干燥结束................................................................23
§2.3.4 冻干单因素试验结果............................................................................23
§2.3.5 冻干工艺正交试验结果与分析............................................................25
§2.4 本章小结......................................................................................................27
第三章 三七有效成分的提取工艺优化......................................................................28
§3.1 材料与仪器..................................................................................................29
§3.2 试验方法......................................................................................................30
§3.2.1 有效成分含量的测定............................................................................30
§3.2.2 超声波协助提取条件优化....................................................................31
§3.3 结果与分析..................................................................................................32
§3.3.1 确定检测波长........................................................................................32
§3.3.2 绘制标准曲线........................................................................................32
§3.3.3 超声波协助提取法优化试验结果........................................................33
§3.4 本章小结......................................................................................................35
第四章 三七切片的热风干燥、真空干燥研究............................................................36
§4.1 材料与设备..................................................................................................37
§4.2 试验方法......................................................................................................38
§4.2.1 热风干燥................................................................................................38
§4.2.2 真空干燥................................................................................................39
§4.3 结果与分析..................................................................................................41
§4.3.1 热风干燥试验结果................................................................................41
§4.3.2 真空干燥试验结果................................................................................43
§4.3.3 热风干燥、真空干燥试验结果比较....................................................46
§4.4 本章小结......................................................................................................47
第五章 三种方法干燥的三七切片品质比较..............................................................48
§5.1 材料与设备..................................................................................................49
§5.1.1 设备简介................................................................................................49
§5.1.2 材料与仪器............................................................................................50
§5.2 试验方法......................................................................................................51
§5.2.1 有效成分的测定....................................................................................51
§5.2.2 内部微观结构的分析............................................................................51
§5.2.3 复水品质的分析....................................................................................51
§5.2.4 感官特性的评价....................................................................................52
§5.3 结果与分析..................................................................................................52
§5.3.1 有效成分含量测定结果........................................................................52
§5.3.2 内部微观结构的分析............................................................................53
§5.3.3 复水品质测定结果与分析....................................................................55
§5.3.4 感官特性结果与分析............................................................................55
§5.3.5 综合分析与评价....................................................................................60
§5.4 本章小结......................................................................................................61
第六章 不同的前处理对冻干三七品质的影响..........................................................62
§6.1 材料与设备..................................................................................................62
§6.2 试验方法......................................................................................................62
§6.2.1 工艺流程................................................................................................62
§6.2.2 试验方法................................................................................................63
§6.3 结果与分析..................................................................................................63
§6.4 本章小结......................................................................................................65
第七章 结论与展望......................................................................................................66
§7.1 结论..................................................................................................................66
§7.2 展望及建议......................................................................................................67
参考文献.........................................................................................................................69
摘要：

三七的真空冷冻干燥实验研究摘要中医药是我国的国粹，且资源丰富，中药以其安全、有效、副作用小为广大患者所接受，需求量大。干燥是影响中药品质的一个重要因素，干燥的好坏将直接影响产品的使用、质量和外观等。传统的中药干燥法有诸多弊端，但是其一次干燥量大，操作简便，成本低，仍被广泛使用着。真空干燥可消除常压干燥情况下容易产生的表面硬化现象。本文采用真空冷冻干燥法干燥三七切片。冷冻干燥技术不仅对生产优质的食品起着很重要的作用，现也应用到药品的干燥中。它可以最大限度地保存药用有效成分的活性，较好地保持药材的外观品质、颜色、气味，脱水彻底，保存性好，所以冻干技术适合应用于中药材的加工中，其附加值高。中药冷冻干...

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作者：高德中 分类：高等教育资料 价格：15积分 属性：67 页 大小：4.27MB 格式：DOC 时间：2024-11-19

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