视频隐写算法设计及其在网络流媒体平台上的实现

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摘要

数字信息处理技术、多媒体技术和网络通信技术的不断发展，使得数字媒体的

制作和传播变得更加快捷和方便，在这样的背景之下，信息的安全性及数字产品

的版权保护就成为一个迫切需要解决的问题。其中，多媒体信息安全中的视频隐

写技术近年来已经成为一个研究热点。其很好地利用了人的知觉掩蔽性，它将需

要传播的秘密信息隐藏到公开的媒体文件中，以达到传输秘密信息的目的，有着

很好的效果。

论文首先介绍了视频隐写技术的基本概念、研究发展现状，然后介绍了视频隐

写技术的特点、基本分类和主要应用领域，并在当前算法基础上提出两个视频隐

写算法并设计网络流媒体平台完成算法实现，论文主要工作内容是：

首先设计一种新的视频隐写方法，使用三路像素值差值(TPVD)算法完成信息

隐写。数据嵌在场景变化最大的 I帧宏块中，人眼不易察觉，从而提高了视频隐写

的隐蔽性。由于在水平、垂直、对角三路方向同时嵌入秘密信息，扩大了秘密信

息的隐藏量。

其次是提出面向实时应用的 DCT 域视频隐写方法，在 DCT 块的低频非零系数

中嵌入信息，这种技术对嵌入字节有极大的限制性，最多只可修改一位，但是该

字节却完全可以嵌入两位秘密信息，大大地提高了秘密信息的嵌入容量。

最后在 VS2003 下利用 MFC 及OpenCV、FFmpeg、Live555 三个开源库设计网

络流媒体研发平台，构建流媒体服务器及客户端，有效地实现流媒体的传输与播

放，实现了视频隐写算法在此平台上的完成。

实验表明本文算法嵌入量大、简洁、隐蔽性好，且具有一定的实际应用价值。

关键词：信息隐藏视频隐写三路像素差值直流系数流媒体

ABSTRACT

Digital multimedia and network communication and information processing

technology developing quickly, the production and dissemination of digital media has

become more efficient and convenient, making that the copyright protection of digital

products and information security become an urgent problem to be solved. As an

emerging technology for protecting multimedia information security, video

steganography has become a hot topic in the field of information security in recent years.

To hide secret information to the public media files, use the perceptual masking with

good concealment in order to achieve the purpose of transfer secret information.

In this dissertation the elementary concepts and the research status of video

steganography are summarized, then the characteristics, classification and main

applications of video steganography are introduced. On the basis of the current

algorithm, two steganography algorithms are proposed, and the platform of streaming

media is designed for achieving algorithm. The major researches of this dissertation are

as following：

Designing a new algorithm of video steganography, tri-way pixel value differencing

(TPVD) is used for embedding. In this algorithm, data are embedded in the macro

blocks of I frame with maximum scene change, which is unperceived easily, to increase

the concealment performance of the video steganography. Due to embed secret

information in the horizontal, vertical, diagonal directions simultaneously, it can expand

the hiding capacity of the secret information.

It is proposed that a new algorithm of real time video steganography which embed

information into DC coefficients in DCT domain. Two byte secret information can be

embedded with only one byte modified mostly, and the embedding capacity can be

improved.

On VS2003 IDE with open source library which includes OpenCV, FFmpeg,

Live555, the platform of streaming media is designed to develop the whole streaming

media server and client, which complete streaming media transmission and playing and

video steganography algorithms.

According to results from the experiments, the proposed algorithms in this

dissertation have higher hiding capacity of the secret information, more simplicity,

better concealed performance and practical value.

Key Words: Information hiding, Video steganography, Tri-way pixel

value differencing (TPVD), DC coefficient，Streaming media

第一章绪论 ····················································································1

§1.1 课题研究的背景与意义 ···························································· 1

§1.2 国内外发展及现状 ·································································· 2

§1.3 论文组织结构 ········································································ 4

第二章视频隐写技术 ···········································································5

§2.1 视频隐写概述 ········································································ 5

§2.2 视频隐写特点 ········································································ 6

§2.3 视频隐写分类 ········································································ 8

§2.3.1 原始域隐写算法 ····························································· 8

§2.3.2 编码域隐写算法 ····························································· 9

§2.3.3 压缩域隐写算法 ··························································· 10

§2.4 视频隐写技术应用 ································································· 11

§2.5 本章小结 ············································································· 12

第三章三路像素差值视频隐写算法 ·······················································13

§3.1 视频隐写结构 ·······································································13

§3.2 视频隐写算法 ·······································································14

§3.2.1 预处理 ········································································14

§3.2.2 分支条件 ·····································································15

§3.2.3 嵌入算法 ·····································································16

§3.2.3 提取算法 ·····································································17

§3.3 实验结果及分析 ····································································17

§3.4 本章小结 ············································································· 20

第四章实时的变换域视频隐写算法 ·······················································21

§4.1 变换域视频隐写 ····································································21

§4.1.1 离散余弦变换 ······························································ 21

§4.1.2 离散余弦变换的优点 ····················································· 21

§4.2 算法设计 ············································································· 22

§4.2.1 嵌入位置选择 ······························································ 22

§4.2.2 算法分析 ·····································································23

§4.2.3 隐写信息嵌入 ······························································ 25

§4.2.4 隐写信息提取 ······························································ 26

§4.3 实验结果及分析 ····································································26

§4.4 本章小结 ············································································· 29

第五章网络流媒体研发平台设计及算法实现 ···········································31

§5.1 流媒体及其开发技术 ······························································31

§5.1.1 流媒体技术 ··································································31

§5.1.2 数据流传输协议 ··························································· 31

§5.1.3 流媒体播放方式 ··························································· 34

§5.2 网络流媒体研发平台设计 ························································35

§5.2.1 平台简介 ·····································································35

§5.2.2 系统模式选择 ······························································ 35

§5.2.2 流媒体服务器 ······························································ 36

§5.2.3 流媒体播放器 ······························································ 37

§5.2.4 视频点播功能的实现 ····················································· 44

§5.3 视频隐写算法实现 ·································································47

§5.4 本章小结 ············································································· 47

第六章总结及展望 ············································································ 49

§6.1 本文总结 ············································································· 49

§6.2 展望 ··················································································· 49

参考文献 ··························································································· 51

在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 ································· 57

一、发表论文 ··············································································· 57

二、科研项目 ··············································································· 57

致谢 ······························································································ 59

III

图目录

图 2- 1 信息隐写模型.......................................................................................... 5

图 2- 2 视频隐写分类示意图.............................................................................. 8

图3- 1 视频隐写格式框图.................................................................................. 14

图3- 2 像素块示意图.......................................................................................... 14

图3- 3 foreman I24 帧嵌入信息前....................................................................... 18

图3- 4 foreman I24 帧嵌入信息后....................................................................... 18

图3-5 bus I0帧嵌入信息前.................................................................................19

图3- 6 bus I0帧嵌入信息后................................................................................ 19

图4-1 三种图像的参考关系...............................................................................23

图4- 2 视频嵌入信息过程框图.......................................................................... 26

图4- 3 coastguard I0帧嵌入信息前.................................................................... 27

图4- 4 coastguard I0帧嵌入信息后.................................................................... 27

图4-5 mobile I0 帧嵌入信息前.......................................................................... 28

图4-6 mobile I0 帧嵌入信息后.......................................................................... 28

图5-1 网络协议结构图.......................................................................................31

图5-2 RTP 和RTCP 网络层次关系图...............................................................32

图5-3 RTP 数据包头格式...................................................................................32

图5-4 UDP/IP 封装的 RTP 数据........................................................................ 33

图5-5 RTCP 发送方数据包................................................................................ 33

图5-6 流媒体播放器系统结构图.......................................................................38

图5-7 获取层结构图...........................................................................................39

图5-8 RTSP 交互过程........................................................................................ 40

图5-9 RTP 包加入缓冲队列流程图...................................................................41

图5-10 RTP 数据包流程.....................................................................................42

图5-11 解码流程图.............................................................................................43

图5-12 解码流程图.............................................................................................44

图5-13 视频点播功能时序图.............................................................................45

图5-14 RTSP 交互流程图.................................................................................. 46

图5-15 算法嵌入框图.........................................................................................47

表目录

表3-1 foreman 隐写嵌入率和 PSNR................................................................. 18

表3-2 bus 隐写嵌入率和 PSNR......................................................................... 19

表4-1 位修改情况...............................................................................................24

表4-2 coastguard 隐写嵌入率和 PSNR............................................................. 27

表4-3 mobile 隐写嵌入率和 PSNR....................................................................28

表5-1 RTSP 实现方法........................................................................................ 34

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摘要：

摘要数字信息处理技术、多媒体技术和网络通信技术的不断发展，使得数字媒体的制作和传播变得更加快捷和方便，在这样的背景之下，信息的安全性及数字产品的版权保护就成为一个迫切需要解决的问题。其中，多媒体信息安全中的视频隐写技术近年来已经成为一个研究热点。其很好地利用了人的知觉掩蔽性，它将需要传播的秘密信息隐藏到公开的媒体文件中，以达到传输秘密信息的目的，有着很好的效果。论文首先介绍了视频隐写技术的基本概念、研究发展现状，然后介绍了视频隐写技术的特点、基本分类和主要应用领域，并在当前算法基础上提出两个视频隐写算法并设计网络流媒体平台完成算法实现，论文主要工作内容是：首先设计一种新的视频隐写方法，使用三路...

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