小城镇道路网级配方法及应用研究

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摘要

近年来，我国小城镇处在快速发展时期。尤其是沿海小城镇，经济发展迅速，

人口大量集聚，机动化水平高。但当前小城镇基础设施较差，道路级配不合理等

现状，导致交通发展与路网供给不匹配，交通需求与道路供给失衡，人、车矛盾

严重，交通问题日益突出。所以在规划建设过程中，要认识到这个问题的必要性

和紧迫性，合理有效解决交通问题，为居民提供便捷的交通出行环境。

道路网级配是交通规划的核心，合理的道路网级配可以促使土地利用与交通

运输相协调，促进土地集约式发展，提供供需平衡的交通环境，有效缓解交通压

力。但目前小城镇规划编制及标准还很不完善；规划实践当中具有盲目性、随意

性，缺乏有效规范法规的指导。

本文以沿海发达小城镇为研究对象，以供需平衡的思想为基础，以小城镇居

民出行总时耗最小为目标函数，从小城镇的道路网容量、道路面积等交通供给指

标及交通需求入手，探讨确定小城镇道路网级配的思路和方法。

论文首先回顾了关于小城镇道路网级配研究的相关理论和研究进展，对小城

镇进行了界定，并系统阐述了小城镇相关概念。在此基础上，分析了基于供需平

衡的小城镇道路网级配的基本理论和方法体系。

在小城镇交通现状调查与分析的基础上，综合分析了小城镇交通特征及普遍

存在的问题，提出解决问题的对策：合理规划道路网、优化交通结构、加强交通

管理；分析影响小城镇道路网级配的相关因素，并提出了小城镇道路网发展规模

的评价指标；在对小城镇进行特定需求分析和供给分析的前提下，通过模型参数

的标定，建立基于供需平衡的小城镇道路网级配模型。

最后，以平阳县万全镇为例进行实证研究，将上述理论和方法应用于万全镇

2030 年道路网规划中，运用 EMME 专业软件，对结果进行比较分析，从而验证

模型的实用性和可操作性。

关键词：小城镇道路级配供需平衡

ABSTRACT

In recent years, small cities in our country are in a period of quick development

especially the small coastal cities, with the highly-developed economy, large

concentration of population, and a high level of motorization. However, the poor

infrastructure, the inappropriate road grade proportion and other conditions leads to the

unbalance of the traffic demand and road supply and the serious conflicts between

vehicles and people. Hence, in the planning and construction, the necessity and the

seriousness of the problem should be admitted in order to solve the traffic problems

appropriately and provide the convenient traffic environment for the presidents.

The road grade of network is the core of the transportation planning. An

appropriate road grade of network can achieve the coordination of land use and

transportation, promote the intensive development of land, and offer a traffic

environment with a balance between supply and demand, largely reliving the traffic

pressure. However, the planning standards for small cities being far from perfect,

planning is usually random and lack of effective regulations.

In this thesis, a developed coastal small city was taken as an example. Based on

the idea of the balance between supply and demand, taking the minimum total travel

time-consuming of the residents in small cities as objective function and considering

the traffic demand and traffic supply such as the road network capacity, road area of

small city, the idea and method for ascertaining the small cities road grade of network

was put forward.

To begin with, the thesis reviewed the relevant theories and researches of the

study on the road grade of road network in small cities, then make a definition of small

cities and described the concepts concerned systematically. On this basis, the basic

theory and methodology of road grade of road network in small city based on supply

and demand equilibrium was brought out as follows.

Based on the comprehensive analysis of the traffic characteristics and the

widespread and existent problems of small cities, the thesis put forward

solutions---rational planning of road network, optimizing the structure of urban traffic

and to strengthen traffic management. With the analysis of the relevant factors

influencing the road network grade proportion in small city, the evaluation indicators

to describe the small city network scale were put forward. On the condition of

analyzing the specific demand and supply in small cities, the road grade model of road

network in small city based on supply and demand equilibrium was established with

the calibration of model parameters.

Finally, taking Wanquan town in Pingyang city as an example, the thesis used the

theories and methods above in 2030’s road network construction planning, and solved

the model with EMME. The availability and practicability of the model is validated.

Key words：Town，Road grade proportion，Supply and demand

equilibrium

中文摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章绪论 .......................................................................................................... 1

§1.1 研究背景 ...................................................................................................... 1

§1.2 研究意义 ...................................................................................................... 3

§1.3 相关概念及研究范围 .................................................................................. 3

§1.3.1 小城镇的界定 ....................................................................................... 3

§1.3.2 道路网功能特征 ................................................................................... 4

§1.3.3 道路等级划分及级配规范标准 ........................................................... 4

§1.3.4 本文研究范围 ....................................................................................... 6

§1.4 国内外相关理论综述与评价 ...................................................................... 6

§1.4.1 国外相关理论研究综述 ....................................................................... 6

§1.4.2 国内相关理论研究综述 ....................................................................... 8

§1.4.3 目前理论研究的不足之处 ................................................................. 10

§1.5 研究内容及流程 ........................................................................................ 10

§1.5.1 研究内容 ............................................................................................. 10

§1.5.2 研究流程 ............................................................................................. 12

§1.6 本章小结 .................................................................................................... 12

第二章小城镇交通现状调查与分析 .................................................................... 13

§2.1 小城镇交通特征分析 ................................................................................ 13

§2.1.1 社会经济发展水平 ............................................................................. 13

§2.1.2 小城镇人口及规模 ............................................................................. 13

§2.1.3 小城镇交通区位分析 ......................................................................... 15

§2.1.4 路网特点分析 ..................................................................................... 16

§2.1.5 小城镇用地特征 ................................................................................. 16

§2.2 小城镇交通现状问题分析 ........................................................................ 17

§2.2.1 小城镇交通现状问题 ......................................................................... 17

§2.2.2 现状问题解决对策 ............................................................................. 19

§2.3 本章小结 .................................................................................................... 20

第三章小城镇道路网级配概述 ............................................................................ 21

§3.1 小城镇道路功能分类 ................................................................................ 21

§3.1.1 小城镇道路功能 ................................................................................. 21

§3.1.2 小城镇道路分类观点 ......................................................................... 22

§3.1.3 小城镇道路功能分类体系 ................................................................. 23

§3.2 道路网级配影响因素分析 ........................................................................ 26

§3.2.1 出行次数特性 ..................................................................................... 26

§3.2.2 平均出行距离 ..................................................................................... 26

§3.2.3 居民出行方式 ..................................................................................... 26

§3.2.4 出行空间分布 ..................................................................................... 27

§3.2.5 出行时间分布 ..................................................................................... 27

§3.2.6 居民出行时耗分析 ............................................................................. 28

§3.3 道路网评价指标 ........................................................................................ 28

§3.4 本章小结 .................................................................................................... 30

第四章小城镇道路网级配模型 ............................................................................ 31

§4.1 交通需求模型 ............................................................................................ 31

§4.1.1 小城镇交通需求分析 ......................................................................... 31

§4.1.2 交通需求模型 ..................................................................................... 32

§4.1.3 模型参数标定 ..................................................................................... 33

§4.2 道路网供给模型 ........................................................................................ 36

§4.2.1 道路网容量供给模型 ......................................................................... 36

§4.2.2 道路面积模型 ..................................................................................... 38

§4.2.3 模型参数标定 ..................................................................................... 38

§4.3 小城镇道路网级配模型 ............................................................................ 39

§4.3.1 约束条件 ............................................................................................. 40

§4.3.2 模型算法 ............................................................................................. 41

§4.4 本章小结 .................................................................................................... 41

第五章实证研究——以平阳县万全镇为例 ........................................................ 43

§5.1 万全镇概况 ................................................................................................ 43

§5.1.1 地理位置和自然条件 ......................................................................... 43

§5.1.2 路网现状分析与评价 ......................................................................... 43

§5.2 万全镇背景研究 ........................................................................................ 44

§5.2.1 社会经济 ............................................................................................. 44

§5.2.2 产业状况 ............................................................................................. 45

§5.2.3 人口及规模 ......................................................................................... 45

§5.2.4 用地性质 ............................................................................................. 45

§5.3 居民出行特征分析 .................................................................................... 46

§5.3.1 出行次数特征 ..................................................................................... 46

§5.3.2 出行空间分布 ..................................................................................... 47

§5.3.3 出行方式 ............................................................................................. 49

§5.3.4 出行时间分布 ..................................................................................... 49

§5.3.5 出行时耗分析 ..................................................................................... 50

§5.3.6 主要结论 ............................................................................................. 52

§5.4 交通预测 .................................................................................................... 52

§5.4.1 交通小区划分 ..................................................................................... 53

§5.4.2 交通生成量预测 ................................................................................. 53

§5.4.3 交通方式划分预测结果 ..................................................................... 55

§5.5 万全镇道路网合理发展规模 .................................................................... 57

§5.5.1 道路网总里程测算 ............................................................................. 57

§5.5.2 级配模型应用 ..................................................................................... 57

§5.6 万全镇道路网级配方案及评价 ................................................................ 58

§5.6.1 方案一：最优方案 ............................................................................. 59

§5.6.2 方案二：增主减支方案 ..................................................................... 61

§5.6.3 方案三：减主增支方案 ..................................................................... 63

§5.6.4 道路级配方案评价 ............................................................................. 65

§5.7 本章小结 .................................................................................................... 66

第六章结论及展望 ................................................................................................ 67

§6.1 研究结论 .................................................................................................... 67

§6.2 研究展望 .................................................................................................... 67

参考文献 .................................................................................................................... 69

在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 ......................................... 73

致谢 .................................................................................................................... 74

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