从互文性视角研究文学翻译—以《老人与海》汉译本为例
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硕士学位论文
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ABSTRACT
Intertextuality refers to the relationship between different texts. Ever since it was
first elaborated by Kristeva, intertextuality has been a much used term. In Kristeva’s
word, “every text is constructed as a mosaic of quotations; every text is the absorption
and transformation of other texts”. It aims at exposing that the meaning of a text is not
self-existent, but from its inter-texts and the whole socio-cultural knowledge system.
Integrating translation with intertextuality theory is a new research area in translation
studies. This area is also full of challenges for English-Chinese translation in that there
are differences between the two languages and cultures.
The Old Man and the Sea，a 27,000-word novel, tells vividly a superficially simple
fishing story. Published in 1952, this novel earned Ernest Hemingway the Nobel Prize
for literature in 1954. As is known to all, the novel is a song of praise of heroism. “A
man can be destroyed but not defeated” has been the classic saying and the old man also
has been the most typical and the most representative of the Hemingway’s “tough guy”.
It is also well known for its simple language, affectionate dialogues, symbolism and the
application of the iceberg theory. It is rather worthy of study from the perspective of
intertextuality.
This thesis aims at incorporating the intertextual theory into literary translation on
both theoretical and practical aspects, thus testifying that intertextual theory can
function as both epistemology and methodology to literary translation. It also hopes to
provide a new perspective to the study of The Old Man and the Sea.
As for the methodology, at least three methods are to be applied in this thesis.
Firstly, the combination of the quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis would be
taken throughout this whole thesis. Secondly, the author even attempts to employ the
computer software to conduct statistics on the word frequency in order to get a better
idea on how intertextuality is embodied in the chosen work. Thirdly, the comparative
method would be applied in the main body of this thesis too. In order to assist the
research on the incorporation of the intertextuality theory into The Old Man and the Sea,
the author makes a comparison of its four translating versions which were translated
respectively by Hai Guan, Yu Guangzhong, Wu Lao and Li Xiyin.
The author thus divides this thesis into five parts.
Introduction gives a brief survey on research background and methodology as well
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as a brief introduction to the significance and the structure of the study.
Chapter One makes a general review of the origin and development of
intertextuality. Some important figures and their ideas are also introduced respectively
in this chapter. Based on these reviews, the author would sort some important terms out
and present the categorization of intertextuality.
Chapter Two integrates the theory of intertextuality with translation in a broad
view, extracting the enlightenments of intertextual theory on translation. The theory of
intertextuality establishes a new intertextual relationship between the source text and the
target text; highlights translators’ subjectivity; uncovers the translating process from a
new perspective thus unveiling the intertextual nature of translation activities; and offers
a new theoretical support for the construction of translation studies.
Chapter Three is the main body about recognizing and transferring of intertextual
signs in the specific literary work The Old Man and the Sea. The author attempts to
conduct the research according to the two forms of intertextuality: the passive
intertextuality and the active one. On the translation of passive form of intertextuality,
the author manages to transplant the idea of cohesion into the analysis of intertextual
translation. While on the translation of active form of intertextuality, the author tries to
respectively study the intertextual signs reflecting ideology, social culture and ecology.
Then the author puts forward tentative translation strategies and requirements for the
translator for dealing with intertextuality signs in E-C translation.
The last part of the present thesis is the conclusion. The author holds that the
research from perspective of intertextuality opens a new avenue into literary translation.
The incorporation of intertextuality into literary translation can be viewed not only as
epistemology but also as methodology. It is thus hoped that this study may serve as a
starting point for future researches to extend the theory of intertextuality to translation
from much broader and deeper view.
Key words: Intertextuality; Intertextual Sign; Literary Translation; The Old Man and
the Sea
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摘要
互文性指文本之间的关系。自从克里斯蒂娃在20世纪60年代末创立“互文性”
这一概念以来，它业己成为文学研究领域和翻译研究领域中的一个热门话题。克
里斯蒂娃将互文性定义为：“任何文本的构成都仿佛是一些引文的拼接，任何文
本都是对另一个文本的吸收和转换”。它旨在强调文本的含义不是独立存在的，
而是来自于其互文本以及整个社会文化知识体系。互文性与翻译理论的结合是翻
译研究的新领域。对于英汉翻译而言，该领域的研究更具挑战性，原因是英汉语
两大互文网之间存在很大差异，克服差异是翻译面临的难题。
《老人与海》是根据一位古巴渔夫的真实经历而创作的一部中篇小说。这部
作品为海明威赢得了1954年的诺贝尔文学奖。众所周知，这部小说主题深刻，是
一部英雄主义的赞歌。“人可以被毁灭，但不会被击败”已经成为至理名言，老人
也成为海明威式“硬汉子”的最典型、最完美的代表。除此以外，小说风格简练，
意象生动，语言含蓄，已成为美国现代文学史中不可逾越的经典。本文拟以互文
性视角研究其翻译，具有积极的借鉴意义。
笔者尝试从理论和实践两方面探讨如何将互文性与文学翻译相结合，以期证
明互文性理论既可以作为认识论，也可以作为方法论进行翻译研究。同时也希望
能发掘《老人与海》翻译研究的新视角。
本文主要采取了三种研究方法。首先是定性分析与定量分析相结合的方法，
该方法贯穿本论文全文。其次是词频分析的方法，笔者使用电脑软件，进行词频
分析, 更直观地反映了互文性在原文与译文中的表现情况，使研究更有说服力。
再次是对比分析的方法，笔者选取由中国大陆、台湾翻译家完成的、四个影响较
大的中译本，进行对比分析。本文主体部分大量的译例，均选自这四个中译本，
分别出自翻译家海观、余光中、吴劳和李锡胤的译作。
本文共分为五部分：
引言为互文性理论和翻译研究的综述，以及本文的研究价值和研究方法。
第一章对互文性理论的由来和发展进行了回顾，包括了互文性理论代表人物
的主要观点，并进行了互文性分类。这一章是本文的理论基础。
第二章在理论上将互文性与翻译相结合，阐述互文性对于翻译的启示。互文
性理论与翻译的结合更加强调译者的主体性，揭示了翻译活动本身的互文性本质，
并在原作与译作之间建立起新的互文纽带，为翻译研究的宏观建构提供了新的理
论支持。
第三章为主体部分，以《老人与海》为例，研究互文性之于具体的文本翻译
研究，从而提出对译者的要求和可行的翻译策略。笔者尝试从积极互文与消极互
硕士学位论文
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文两个层面搭建互文性理论与实践结合的框架，进行系统、全面的研究。通过对
个案《老人与海》中互文性的翻译研究，笔者认为归化和异化的结合是互文性视
角下翻译研究的理想选择。互文性理论对译者也提出了更高的要求，除扎实的中
英文学功底、娴熟的双语语言驾驭能力以及较强的跨文化交际能力之外，对互文
性符号，译者还需具备良好的识别、理解和表达能力。
最后是文章的结论部分。作者指出本文虽然仅以《老人与海》中互文符号的
翻译研究为例，但是对文学翻译研究也有不少启示。文学翻译者应该首先正确识
别、阐释蕴涵于源语中的互文性手段，然后将其恰到好处地转换为目的语。译者
对文学中互文符号的识别、阐释和转换的好坏，将直接影响翻译质量的高低。因
此将互文性理论引入文学翻译，不仅具有认识论意义，而且具有方法论意义。互
文性理论拓宽了传统文学翻译理论与实践研究的思路，值得进一步深入研究。
关键词：互文性；互文符号；文学翻译；《老人与海》
硕士学位论文
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Contents
Introduction……………………………………………………………………..….…..1
Chapter 1 Theoretical Framework………………………………………...….………5
1.1 The Theory of Intertextuality……………………………………….………….5
1.2 Some Essential Terms Related to Intertextuality…………………………......11
1.3 Typology of Intertextuality……………………………………………...……12
Chapter 2 Intertextuality and Translation Studies…………………………………15
2.1 Research on Intertextuality and Translation……………….……………..…...15
2.2 The Enlightenment of Intertextuality in Translation…………………...……..17
Chaper 3 Analysis of the Translation of The Old Man and the Sea from the
Perspective of Intertextuality………………………………………...……23
3.1 The Old Man and the Sea and its Chinese Versions……………………...…...23
3.2 Translation on Passive Form of Intertextulity in The Old Man and the Sea….24
3.3 Translation on Active Form of Intertextulity in The Old Man and the Sea......30
3.4 Findings on Translating Intertextual Signs…………………………………....37
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….…...41
Bibliography…………………………………………………………………….……43
硕士学位论文
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Introduction
1. Research Background
Ever since it was first coined by Kristeva, intertextuality has become a frequently
used term. In Kristeva’s point of view, “every text is constructed as a mosaic of
quotations, every text is the absorption and transformation of other texts” (Hatim &
Mason, 2001:125). After her elaboration of this concept, critics from different
perspectives try to overthrow notions of settled meaning and objective interpretation of
literary texts. Translation, including texts decoding and encoding, can therefore get
enlightens from this term. This also makes it possible for the translator to identify and
acquire meanings from the linguistic traits of the text by reference to other previous
texts.
As we know, literary language is full of connotations and overtones which increase
and intensify the complicacy of literary translation. From the perspective of
intertextuality, literary works absorb and convert lots of the preceding texts.
Consequently, the translator can obtain a complete and precise understanding of the
original text to the fullest extent, relying on probing the interrelationship between
different texts and tracing the implications of specific intertextual elements in the
previous texts. In short, any literary work possesses the innateness of intertextuality,
thus it is inspiring to research literary translation from the perspective of intertextuality.
In recent years, both western and Chinese researchers start to incorporate the
theory of intertextuality into the analysis of literary translation. In the West, representive
figures are Hatim and Mason. They discuss the relationship between intertextuality and
translation; at the same time bring forward comparatively originated views in their
essays. A hot issue also arises in China, a lot of scholars conduct their researches from
various perspectives and many achievements have been made.
While these studies certainly shed some light on translation field, their researches
are still just far from enough, which result in a slow development and confusing status
in this scope.
2. The Significance of the Thesis
The case chosen by this thesis is The Old Man and the Sea, a 27,000-word novel,
telling vividly a superficially simple fishing story. Published in 1952, this novel earned
Ernest Hemingway the Nobel Prize for literature in 1954. To the knowledge of the
author, few people have ever conducted a systematic research on translation of The Old
硕士学位论文
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Man and the Sea, let alone studying the translation of the work from the perspective of
intertextuality.
The author attempts to conduct the research according to the two forms of
intertextuality: the passive intertextuality and the active one. It is Hatim and Mason who
divided intertextuality into two forms: active intertextuality and passive intertextuality.
The first type is regarded as extratextuality from a diachronical and paradigmatical
perspective whereas the second type intratextuality from a synchronical and syntagmatic
perspective (Jiang Xiaohua, 1998:21).
From the analysis of these two angles, the author hopes to throw some lights of
proper tackling of intertextual signs in literary works such as how to identify and
transfer intertextual signs or which translation strategy should be applied to preserve
intertextuality existing in the source text.
3. Research Methodology
The present thesis attempts to combine theory with practice. The author’s effort
would be made to fulfill two tasks: theoretically the author making a general survey of
intertextuality and intertextual signs in translating; practically discussing how to employ
the tool of intertext to overcome the obstacles appearing in the translation of The Old
Man and the Sea.
To be specific, there are three methods to be applied in this thesis.
First of all, the combination of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis would
be taken throughout this whole thesis.
Then the author attempts to employ the computer software Wordsmith to conduct
statistics on the word frequency in order to get a better idea on how intertextuality is
embodied in the chosen work.
Finally, the comparative method would be applied in the main body of this thesis,
assisting the research on the incorporation of the intertextuality theory into the specific
translation of The Old Man and the Sea. There are at least three kinds of comparisons
concerning translation according to Jin Di and Nida: first, the comparison of translations
of different works made at different times in the history of a particular language or a
culture; second, a comparison of different translations of the same text; and third, a
comparison of responses of receptors in the process of decoding and understanding the
text of translation (Jin Di & Nida, 1984: 15-16). The second comparative method is
applied in the present thesis.
4. The Structure of the Thesis
硕士学位论文
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The present thesis consists of five parts. Introduction gives a brief review on
research background as well as a brief introduction to the significance and methodology
of this study. Chapter one makes a general survey of the establishment and development
of intertextuality. Some typical theorists and their points of view are also presented
respectively in this chapter. Based on these review, the author would sort some
important terms out and present the categorization of intertextuality. Chapter two
integrates the theory of intertextuality with translation in a broad view, extracting the
enlightenments of intertextual theory on translation. Chapter three is the main body
about recognizing and transferring of intertextual signs in the specific literary work The
Old Man and the Sea. The author attempts to conduct the research according to the two
forms of intertextuality: the passive intertextuality and the active one. Then the author
brings forward tentative translation strategies and requirements for the translator in
handling with intertextuality signs in E-C translation. In the end the present thesis will
give a brief conclusion.
硕士学位论文
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硕士学位论文
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Chapter 1 Literature Review
1.1 The Theory of Intertextuality
Intertextuality is one of the most commonly used and misused terms in
contemporary critical vocabulary. “An Intertextual Study of ...” or “Intertextuality
and ...” are such commonplace constructions in the titles of critical works that one might
be forgiven for assuming that intertextuality is a term that is generally understood and
provides a stable set of critical procedures for interpretation (Allen, 2001:1). However,
the fact is that since it first was coined by French semiotician Julia Kristeva in 1960s,
theorist and critics have defined it in varied ways, which only makes this term much
more confusing.
Thus, at the very beginning the literary review of intertextuality will be presented
in brief, including its origins, development and representative theorists so as to obtain a
comprehensive understanding of the intertextual theory which can be taken as a key to
the door to the further incorporation of this new theory with translation studies.
1.1.1 The Origins of Intertextuality
It is known to all that the term of intertextuality was first coined by Julia Kristeva,
a French scholar, in her work “Word, Dialogue and Novel” (1969). However, she gets
the essence of intertextuality with the illumination of the Russian literary theorist M. M.
Bakhtin. Kristeva is the first person who introduces this important figure and his works
into France.
It is as viable to cite the Russian literary theorist M. M. Bakhtin as the originator, if
not of the term “intertextuality”, then at least of the specific view of language which
helped others articulate theories of intertextuality (Allen, 2001:10).
To understand intertextuality, we should understand Bakhtin first. These days
Bakhtin is regarded as one of the most important scholars in the field of literary theory
in the 20th century. He analyses Russian writer Dostoevsky’s works, and puts forward
the significant terms of “polyphonic theory”, “dialogism” and “carnivalesque” in his
book Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics (Yuan Xi, 2006:9).
Bakhtin has a totally different perspective on language from Saussure who views
language as a generalized and abstract system. Bakhtin argues that all discourses are in
a sense dialogic; furthermore he indicates that “dialogue is one of the fundamental
structuring principles of all discourses, written and spoken alike.” (Cook, Guy 2001:51)
摘要：
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硕士学位论文--IABSTRACTIntertextualityreferstotherelationshipbetweendifferenttexts.EversinceitwasfirstelaboratedbyKristeva,intertextualityhasbeenamuchusedterm.InKristeva’sword,“everytextisconstructedasamosaicofquotations;everytextistheabsorptionandtransformationofothertexts”.Itaimsatexposingthatthemeaning...
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作者：周伟光
分类：高等教育资料
价格：150积分
属性：46 页
大小：300.12KB
格式：PDF
时间：2024-09-20
