文学自译研究——以林语堂《啼笑皆非》为个案

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硕士学位论文

ABSTRACT

Self-translation, the activity in which the writer translates his own work, is a rare

phenomenon. In the West, studies on the self-translations of Samuel Beckett, Vladimir

Nabokov and other self-translators have much been done. In China, although there’re many

self-translators and self-translated works, unfortunately, few scholars have noticed this

phenomenon. Lin Yutang is one of the self-translators. As a famous writer and translator, Lin

Yutang made great contributions to the understanding between China and the West, especially

to the introduction of Chinese culture to the world. The previous studies on Lin’s translation

are mainly made in the five aspects: Lin’s translation features, the view of literary translation,

the aesthetic perspective, and the perspectives of Skopotheorie and intertexutuality. As for the

aspect of self-translation, his works are far from being explored. This thesis, starting from the

introduction of the self-translation, reviews the related studies from both at home and abroad,

and then much in detail probes into Lin Yutang’s self-translating by choosing his Between

Tears and Laughter as a case study, which, we think, would contribute to both the theory of

translation in general and the translation study of Lin Yutang.

Based on “Culture Turn”, together with Susan Bassnett’s cultural translation theory and

Andre Lefevere’s three-factor theory, the present author attempts to analyze his translation

ideas and translated works in the perspective of culture. His translation ideas, as I have

summarized, include the four aspects——principles of translation; ethics of being a translator;

cultural perspective of translation; sentence as translation unit and untranslatability. These

ideas, as a matter of fact, are closely related to his self-translation. In terms of research

methodology, the comparative method is employed in analyzing the first eleven chapters

self-translated by Lin Yutang; the quantitative-qualitative analysis is also preferred in the

discussion regarding the levels of lexicon, syntax, text and aesthesis as revealed in both the

source text and the target text; what’s more, the computer software is adopted for gathering the

language data of differences as well as changes about the stylistic features made by the

writer-cum-translator, which makes the analysis more convincing.

Finally, the thesis concludes that the translator’s ideas on translation decide the translation

process; that the self-translator’s translating and writing influence each other coordinately, and

the self-translation is typically characterized by “creation in translation” and “translation in

creation”; that the self-translator’s translating and writing, owing to their interaction, share

much similarity, especially in wording, sentence-making and the style of the works; and that

硕士学位论文

because the self-translator takes the full advantage in conveying the original message and

transmitting the author’s intention to the readers more accurately than the conventional

translators, self-translation is thus deemed to be an ideal translation.

Key Words: literary translation; self-translation; Lin Yutang; Between Tears and Laughter

硕士学位论文

III

摘要

自译，即作家翻译自己的作品，是翻译中并不多见的现象。国外的学者早已开始关

注文学中的自译现象，研究的焦点主要集中在贝克特和纳博科夫两位作者身上。然而在

国内，到目前为止，尽管自译家与自译作品不少，却很少有人对此做深入研究。林语堂

就是其中的一位自译家。做为著名的作家和翻译家，林语堂为促进中西方文化交流，尤

其是在把中国文化介绍给西方做了卓越贡献。作者对他的翻译研究主要集中在翻译特征、

文化翻译研究、翻译美学、目的论、互文性等视角展开。而对林语堂自译的研究，学者

们的关注还远远不够。本文通过回顾自译的定义，介绍国内外自译理论研究及现状，最

后选取林语堂的自译作品做为个案研究。这对翻译研究和林语堂的研究都具有一定的意

义。

本文拟在以翻译领域的“文化转向”的理论背景和巴斯奈特文化观和安勒菲维尔的

三要素翻译理论为理论基础，试从文化的角度分析林语堂的翻译理论与实践。首先，在

林语堂的翻译理论方面，笔者总结为四个方面：翻译标准论、译者伦理观、文化翻译论、

翻译单位及不可译性。这四点对林语堂自译有着很大的联系。同时，笔者采取了对比原

文的分析法、定性和定量相结合的分析法对作品在词语、句法、篇章、美学四方面引举

大量实例进行分析，并且还借助词频统计软件进行列表分析，使研究更具说服力。

最后，笔者通过对林语堂自译的个案分析得出以下结论：译者的翻译思想决定着其

自译的实践过程；自译者的翻译与创作相互影响，相互调和，译中有作，作中有译；由

于翻译与创作相互作用，两者具有一定共同点，尤其是在遣词造句及作品风格方面；因

为自译者在转换信息更具优势，在表达原文作者意图方面比普通译者更准确，因此自译

可被视为一种理想的翻译。

关键词：文学翻译；自译；林语堂；《啼笑皆非》

硕士学位论文

Contents

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………...1

Chapter 1 Literature Review....................................................................................3

1.1 Studies on Self-translation …………………………………………………..3

1.2 Studies on Lin Yutang as a Translator …………………………………….....7

Chapter 2 Lin Yutang’s Translation Ideas ………………………………..………11

2.1 A Brief Account of Lin Yutang……………………………………….……...11

2.2 Lin Yutang’s Translation Ideas………………………………….…………...12

Chapter 3 Theoretical Foundation…………………………………………………19

3.1 “Cultural Turn” in Translation Study………………………..………………19

3.2 Susan Bassnett’s Cultural Translation Theory……………………………….20

3.3 Andre Lefevere’s Three-Factor Theory………………………………………22

Chapter 4 Analysis of Lin Yutang’s Self-transted Between Tears and Laughter…25

4.1 A Brief Introduction of Between Tears and Laughte…………………………25

4.2 Analysis at Lexical Level……………………………………………………..26

4.3 Analysis at Syntactical Level…………………………………………………29

4.4 Analysis at Textual Level……………………………………………………..31

4.5Analysis at Aesthetical Level………………………………………………….34

4.6 Summary………………………………………………………………………36

Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………….38

Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………..41

硕士学位论文

Introduction

1. Significance of the Research

Translation commences along with the beginning of the communication among different

peoples. Although translating may not have as long a history as writing, its tradition can be

traced back to at least 2000 years ago (Kuhiwczak, 2003:112).

As a means of exchange, translation is defined as “a craft consisting in the attempt to

replace a written message and/or statement in one language by the same message and/or

statement in another language”. (Newmark, 2001:7) Throughout history, written translation

and interpretation have played a crucial role in this inter-human communication (Munday,

2001:5). In written translation alone, many phenomena and issues have come out, such as

literal translation, literary translation, alteration, self-translation, and even adaptation and

rewriting.

Though the practice of translation is long established, the study of the field developed into

an academic discipline has only really begun in the second half of the twentieth century

(Munday, 2001:5). The cultural turn since the 1980s has marked a shift in translation studies,

and schools of theories have appeared. Moreover, different issues in translation regarding

various aspects attract significant interest. So does self-translation. In western countries, many

scholars have investigated the self-translations by Samuel Beckett and Vladimir Nabokov.

Unfortunately, in China, few scholars have noticed this phenomenon. This thesis, based on the

study of Lin Yutang’s E-C self-translated works, attempts to explore the phenomenon of

self-translation, and hope to explicate the role and task of self-translator in literary translation,

which will in turn shed light on the study of literary translation in general. Furthermore, this

thesis is also intended to attract more attention the self-translation studies should have deserved

from the academic circles in China.

2. Research Methodology

The language data used in this thesis are the bilingual edition of Between Tears and

Laughter originally written in English by Lin Yutang, the first eleven chapters of which is

translated into Chinese by the author himself while the last twelve chapters translated by Xu

Chenbin.

According to Jin Di and Nida, there are at least three kinds of comparisons concerning

translation: first, the comparison of translations of different works made at different times in

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摘要：

硕士学位论文IABSTRACTSelf-translation,theactivityinwhichthewritertranslateshisownwork,isararephenomenon.IntheWest,studiesontheself-translationsofSamuelBeckett,VladimirNabokovandotherself-translatorshavemuchbeendone.InChina,althoughthere’remanyself-translatorsandself-translatedworks,unfortunately,fewschola...

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