传递成本、空间非一体化与城市经济结构转变

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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

摘要

科技进步促进了分工的深化，改变了厂商的生产组织方式，传统的空间上一

体化的组织方式逐渐转变为非一体化，这种转变深刻影响了城市经济集聚的方式

和城市经济结构。本文在新经济地理学的分析框架下，试图从经济活动的微观基

础——厂商出发，揭示城市经济结构转变的趋势和原因，并做实证分析。本文首

先构造了一个统计指标来衡量城市生产性服务业与制造业的相对集聚度，利用

2003-2008 年东部地区 100 个城市的数据，并且将所有城市分为三个层级，分别

计算各层级城市各年生产性服务业与制造业的相对集聚度。我们发现上海、北京

等核心城市生产性服务业相对于制造业集聚的趋势显著，与此相反，外围城市制

造业相对于生产性服务业集聚的趋势显著，外围城市逐渐成为制造业中心。之后，

本文借鉴 Gilles Duranton 和 Diego Puga(2005)的研究思路试图给予解释，但与

他们的研究不同的是，在解释厂商选择空间非一体化的原因时，结合我国的现实，

本文不仅考虑总部成本的因素，也考虑生产部门成本的因素。本文认为当传递成

本（包括总部服务的信息传递成本和生产部门运输成本）较高时，厂商将总部和

生产部门置于同一个城市；与此相反，当传递成本较低时，厂商将总部置于生产

性服务业集聚的少数核心城市，把生产部门置于拥挤成本较小的外围城市。大量

厂商选择同样的组织方式，影响了城市的就业格局及经济结构，总部和生产性服

务业集聚于少数核心城市，制造业集聚于中小城市。最后，对不同类型城市经济

结构转变的影响因素进行了实证分析。

本文的主要结论是：（一）信息传递成本降低显著促进了核心城市生产性服务

业的集聚，运输成本降低促进了外围城市制造业集聚，但对核心城市的经济集聚

没有显著影响；（二）外商直接投资促进了核心城市和外围城市制造业的集聚，反

映了东部地区吸收的 FDI 多流向制造业，促进了东部沿海省份的工业集聚；（三）

人力资本变量对核心城市生产性服务业的集聚和外围制造业集聚没有显著影响，

反映了我国的工业化进程还处于比较初级的阶段，对人力资本的要求不高。

关键词：信息传递成本；运输成本；空间非一体化；城市经济结构

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

ABSTRACT

Scientific and technological progress promotes the division of labor and has

changed the organizational form by firms, from the traditional spatially integrated

organizational form into a multi-location organizational form. This change profoundly

affects the employment patterns of cities and the way urban economic agglomeration.

In this paper, we trying to reveal the trend of urban economic structural changes and

causes from the micro-foundation of economic activities - firms in the framework of

the New Economic Geography, and finally we give the empirical analysis. Firstly, we

construct a statistical indicator to measure the relative agglomeration degree of

producer services versus the manufacturing sector. We have 100 cities in the eastern

region as the samples, and divide all cities into three levels, then we calculate the

relative agglomeration degree of each level cities from 2003 to 2008. We found that the

agglomeration trend of producer services relative to manufacturing sector is

significantly in the core city, on the contrary, the agglomeration trend of manufacturing

sector relative to producer services is significantly in the peripheral city, the peripheral

city is becoming manufacturing center. Then we draw the research idea of Gilles

Duranton and Diego Puga (2005) to explain the phenomenon. But we consider not only

the cost of transmitting information of headquarters, but also consider the

transportation costs of production plant. This paper argues that when the delivery costs

of headquarter services and transport costs of production plant is higher, the firms

remain integrated. In contrast, when the delivery costs of headquarter services and

transport costs of production plant is low enough, firms will choose multi-location

organization form, production plant will place in the peripheral city, the headquarters

cluster in core city. A large number of firms choose the same organization form,

affecting the city's employment patterns and economic structure, headquarters and

producer services cluster in a small number of core cities, manufacturing cluster in

small and medium cities. Finally, we do the empirical analysis.

The main conclusions are: (a) the decrease of information transfer costs promotes

the agglomeration of producer services for the core city significantly, the reduce of

transport costs promotes the manufacturing agglomeration for peripheral city, but does

not affect the agglomeration of producer services for the core city; (b) Foreign Direct

Investment promotes the manufacturing agglomeration fore both core cities and

peripheral cities, reflects the FDI absorbed by the eastern region flows meanly into

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

III

manufacturing sector, promoting industrial agglomeration of the eastern coastal

provinces; (c) human capital variables do not significantly affect the producer services

agglomeration in the core city either manufacturing concentration in peripheral city,

reflects the process of industrialization in China is still in relatively low stage and less

demanding of human capital.

Key words: transmission cost for headquarter services; transport costs; spatially

multi-location organization; urban economic specialization

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

导言

...............................................................................................................................1

第一章相关研究综述.....................................................................................................5

第一节城市产业集聚的传统理论背景.................................................................5

第二节城市产业集聚理论的进一步发展.............................................................7

第三节相关实证研究.............................................................................................8

第二章城市经济结构转变趋势：特征性事实...........................................................13

第一节统计指标的说明.......................................................................................13

第二节数据选取...................................................................................................14

第三节城市分类与计算结果...............................................................................14

第四节对计算结果的分析...................................................................................18

第三章城市经济结构转变：基于 Duranton-Puga 模型的一个解释...................... 20

第一节模型的设定...............................................................................................21

第二节均衡时城市类型和城市规模...................................................................26

第三节城市经济结构的转变...............................................................................31

第四章城市经济结构转变的实证分析.......................................................................35

第一节建立研究假设...........................................................................................35

第二节计量方法...................................................................................................35

第三节数据来源和模型设定...............................................................................36

第四节变量的选择...............................................................................................36

第五节计量结果分析...........................................................................................39

第五章主要研究结论及政策建议...............................................................................45

第一节主要研究结论...........................................................................................45

第二节政策涵义...................................................................................................45

参考文献.........................................................................................................................47

附录

.............................................................................................................................51

致谢

.............................................................................................................................52

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摘要：

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文I摘要科技进步促进了分工的深化，改变了厂商的生产组织方式，传统的空间上一体化的组织方式逐渐转变为非一体化，这种转变深刻影响了城市经济集聚的方式和城市经济结构。本文在新经济地理学的分析框架下，试图从经济活动的微观基础——厂商出发，揭示城市经济结构转变的趋势和原因，并做实证分析。本文首先构造了一个统计指标来衡量城市生产性服务业与制造业的相对集聚度，利用2003-2008年东部地区100个城市的数据，并且将所有城市分为三个层级，分别计算各层级城市各年生产性服务业与制造业的相对集聚度。我们发现上海、北京等核心城市生产性服务业相对于制造业集聚的趋势显著，与此相反，外围城市制造业相...

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