中国当代慈善事业的发展研究

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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

摘要

近年来，慈善事业作为社会发展的重要力量和社会保障体系的重要组成部分，

越来越受到相关学者和政策理论研究部门的关注和重视。从国内外的实践经验来

看，慈善事业对社会进步的作用是不可低估的，慈善事业的发达与否直接关系到

社会各成员的福利水平和幸福程度。尽管当前中国的慈善事业发展还很不成熟，

但不可否认的是，它已经成为中国社会经济生活中调节贫富差距、缓和社会矛盾

的有效机制之一，解决了许多政府部门无法顾及的民生问题。不仅如此，从长远

的眼光来看，慈善事业理应在未来的中国有更大的发展和作为。

要实现这个目标，有许多方面的工作要做，但本文认为最先要解决的是政府

与慈善组织的关系和提升全社会对慈善事业的参与两个问题，这两个问题直接决

定了我国慈善事业的方向目标和动力源泉。在对我国传统慈善事业中相关问题进

行研究的基础上，结合我国现阶段慈善事业面临的困境，本文提出我国政府应该

逐步退出慈善领域和大力构建社区化慈善机构两个观点。前者之目的在于理顺政

府与慈善组织的关系，开放社会空间，允许各类慈善组织独立开展慈善活动，调

动民间力量的积极性，进而吸纳更多的慈善资源。而后者之目的在于打好慈善事

业的微观底座，提升公众参与慈善事业的热情和机会，为建设与国际接轨的现代

化慈善事业奠定坚实的基础。

在这个思路的指引下，首先对本文涉及的主要概念进行范围的界定，以求行

文时的表达更加准确，不产生各个概念的包含与交叉，从而避免产生岐义。为了

说明本文观点的现代合理性和现代价值，继而总结了我国十几年来慈善事业发展

的历程和取得的成就，分析了慈善事业在发展中遇到的瓶颈制约，如公民慈善意

识淡薄，政府角色介入过多，慈善组织自身建设滞后等。

然后，对第一个观点政府应该逐步退出慈善领域进行了论证，首先简要介绍

了当今有关两者的理论关系，提出我国政府应该逐步退出慈善领域的观点，再从

历史的角度，理论的角度和现实的角度分别进行充分的论证。最后，提出在政府

逐步退出慈善领域后，我们要建设怎样的慈善体系，包括了政府的立法执法职能

定位，确立慈善机构的独立法人地位，塑造现代慈善观念和建立内外结合的新型

监督机制等方面的内容。

最后，是对第二个观点我国应该大力构建社区化慈善机构的论证，先剖析了

我国构建社区化慈善机构的历史渊源，其中包括理论渊源和组织渊源，这是在中

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

国具有深厚历史传统影响的条件下必须考虑的因素。进而因势利导，利用这种心

理特征，并结合社区化慈善机构的实际运作过程，给出构建社区化慈善机构的优

势，如符合民众心理，较低运作成本，较高运作效率等。最后，在此基础上，提

出一些构建社区化慈善机构的切实可行的政策建议。

最后，是结语部分，对全文做一个回顾与总结。

关键词：慈善; 慈善事业; 政府；社区化慈善机构

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

III

ABSTRACT

In recent years, as a major force in the social security system and an important part

of social development, philanthropy are getting more and more concern and attention

from relevant academic theory and policy research ers.From practical experience at

home and abroad, the philanthropy for the role of social progress should not be

underestimated, charitable or not developed a direct bearing on the welfare level and the

degree of happiness of the members of the community. Despite the current development

of China's philanthropy is still immature, but it can not be denied that it has become an

China's effective mechanism of narrowing the social and economic gap between rich

and poor, and easing social conflicts .It also resolve a number of people's livelihood

which government departments can not take into account . Moreover, the philanthropy

should get more development in future China .

To achieve this goal, there are many aspects of the work to be done.This article is

the first to be solved between the government and charitable organizations and upgrade

the whole society to participate in the philanthropy of the two issues, which both

directly determines the goals of our philanthropy course and direction of the source of

power. On the basis of tradition of philanthropy in China ,combined with the current

stage cause difficulties of China's philanthropy faced, the study give the two points: our

government should be gradually raised from the philanthropy in the area and build a

strong community-based charities.The former is aimed at rationalizing government and

charitable organizations, social space open to allow various types of charitable

organizations to carry out an independent charitable activities, to mobilize the

enthusiasm of non-governmental forces, which absorb more resources for philanthropy.

The latter is designed to lay a good charitable cause of the micro base to enhance the

public's enthusiasm to participate in philanthropy and opportunities for the construction

and modernization of the international philanthropy to lay a solid foundation.

In this line of thought, first of all the this paper define the scope of the definition the

major concept and the expression of the language in order to more accurately, not all

have the concept of the cross contains. In order to illustrate this article's point of view of

modern rationality and modern values, then summed up China's more than a decade the

development of philanthropy course and achievements, an analysis of the development

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

of philanthropy in the face of the bottleneck, such as a weak sense of civic philanthropy,

the role of government involved in too many charitable organizations, and

self-construction lag.

Then, on the first point of view that the Government should gradually withdraw

from the area of the philanthropy argues, first of all briefed about the current theories

relations between the two ,put forward the view our government should gradually

withdraw from the field of the philanthropy. from a historical perspective, the

theoretical point of view and the real point of difference for the full evaluation. Finally,

after the government gradually withdraw from the area of charitable, we have to build

such a kind of philanthropy, including the government's law enforcement functions of

the legislative position to establish an independent philanthropy body, to shape the

modern concept of philanthropy and the establishment of a new type of combination of

internal and external oversight mechanisms.

At last, the article give second point of view that we should build a strong

community-based philanthropy .Then there is the analysis before we build a community

philanthropy, including the theory of origins and roots organization, which must be

taken into account in the conditions of China have deep historical traditions and the

impact.And then capitalize on the trend, the use of such psychological characteristics,

combined with community-based philanthropy the actual operation of the process of

building a community given the advantages of charitable organizations, such as people

with the psychological, lower operating costs, higher efficiency, and other actions.

On this basis, some practical policy recommendations is implement for

community-based charitable organizations .

Final part is the conclusion of the full text of a review and sum up.

Keywords: philanthropy; government; community-based charities

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

第一章导论 ....................................................... 1

第一节写作背景 ................................................ 1

第二节研究现状述评 ............................................ 3

第三节本文的研究框架 .......................................... 5

第二章中国当代慈善事业发展概述 ................................... 7

第一节相关概念的界定 .......................................... 7

第二节中国当代慈善事业发展历程及现状 .......................... 8

第三节中国当代慈善事业发展面临的问题 ......................... 11

第三章中国当代慈善事业发展与政府的关系 .......................... 17

第一节政府应该逐步退出慈善领域 ............................... 17

第二节政府应该逐步退出慈善领域的原因 ......................... 18

第三节政府逐步退出后慈善系统的构建 ........................... 22

第四章构建社区化慈善机构加快慈善事业发展 ....................... 26

第一节构建社区化慈善机构的渊源 ............................... 26

第二节构建社区化慈善机构的优势 ............................... 29

第三节构建社区化慈善机构的建议 ............................... 30

第五章结论与展望 ................................................ 33

第一节结论 .................................................. 33

第二节展望 .................................................. 34

参考文献 ........................................................... 35

后记 ........................................................... 39

致谢 ........................................................... 40

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摘要：

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文I摘要近年来，慈善事业作为社会发展的重要力量和社会保障体系的重要组成部分，越来越受到相关学者和政策理论研究部门的关注和重视。从国内外的实践经验来看，慈善事业对社会进步的作用是不可低估的，慈善事业的发达与否直接关系到社会各成员的福利水平和幸福程度。尽管当前中国的慈善事业发展还很不成熟，但不可否认的是，它已经成为中国社会经济生活中调节贫富差距、缓和社会矛盾的有效机制之一，解决了许多政府部门无法顾及的民生问题。不仅如此，从长远的眼光来看，慈善事业理应在未来的中国有更大的发展和作为。要实现这个目标，有许多方面的工作要做，但本文认为最先要解决的是政府与慈善组织的关系和提升全社会对...

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