中国电信产业战略性重组与不对称管制政策

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3.0 李江 2024-09-20 9 4 372.66KB 47 页 150积分

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硕士学位论文

摘要

电信产业是一个受严格管制的自然垄断性产业。为了合理配置资源，实现全

业务经营，最终形成适度、健康的市场竞争格局，从 1999 年至今，中国电信产

业先后进行了两次战略重组，第三次重组目前正在进行中。战略性重组的终极目

标是实现有效竞争，但重组后单纯依靠市场力量不可能打破电信产业的原有主导

企业的垄断地位，为此引入不对称管制政策成为了电信重组的现实需要，以扶持

弱势运营商，尽快实现电信产业的对称、均衡竞争，以期进一步实现有效竞争。

目前在中国电信产业，重组后的三家运营商在不同的业务领域具有不同的市

场势力。新移动虽然在移动电话市场中遥遥领先，在固话和宽带市场中却处于明

显落后的位置。特别地，与前两次重组不同的是，第三次重组是在发放 3G 牌照

的背景下进行的，由于我国政府力主推进我国自主创新的 TD-SCDMA 技术，因此

第三次重组任重而道远，需要兼顾优化市场结构和产业技术升级等多重目标。制

订出合适的不对称管制政策，让拥有不同 3G 牌照的三家运营商在各个业务领域

实现对称竞争，使全业务经营能够演化为全业务竞争，最终在各个市场中均能够

实现有效竞争，这是一个非常具有现实意义和实用价值的课题。

第一章首先总结了国际电信产业的发展趋势，总体回顾了中国电信产业的管

制体制改革历程，指出引入竞争是中国电信产业改革的必经之路。

第二章是电信产业重组和不对称管制相关的文献综述和理论回顾。

第三章总结了第一、二次重组及相应的绩效评价，同时结合我国电信产业的

制度特点，总结了电信产业改革及不对称管制的得与失。

第四章较为全面地总结了国际上七种电信不对称管制政策的实践经验，详细

地阐述了每种政策对于我国电信产业的适用性。

第五章首先以有效竞争理论为出发点，提出了第三次电信重组的目标是有效

利用不对称管制，引导电信产业实现均衡、对称的竞争态势，为将来放松行业管

制，引入境内外资本，最终实现有效竞争打下坚实基础。在综合比较了三大电信

运营商在三大业务领域的实力的基础上，指出我国电信产业重组后存在着结构性

失调，即在三大主要业务领域各自存在着不对称竞争，移动通信市场上新移动具

有绝对优势，新联通和新电信属于跟随者，而在固话及互联网市场中前者处于绝

对劣势，电信产业重组后必须实施分业务不对称管制。其次，使用修正后的

Cournot 模型和 Stackelberg 模型，模拟了重组后移动通信、固话和互联网市场

的市场份额演变过程。分析结果表明，重组后移动通信市场中新移动的市场份额

仍然居于领先地位，但有所下降，重组有一定效果；而在固话和互联网市场中新

电信和新联通则依旧处于绝对领先地位，但是新移动的市场份额也获得了一定增

长。此外，电信技术上的进步所导致的三网融合趋势也显著的影响了电信产业的

硕士学位论文

市场结构演变。结合上述分析，笔者为即将出台的不对称管制措施提出了建议。

第六章提出不对称管制的有效实施依赖的三大外部条件，即：尽快出台完善

的电信法、设立具有一定独立性的电信管制机构、建立适合我国国情的电信争端

解决机制。

本文的创新之处在于：

1.考虑了我国电信管制制度特点。在此之前的多名学者也进行过移动通信或

电信产业的不对称管制研究，但大多是对国外电信产业不对称管制政策本身的描

述和介绍性的文献，而笔者的创新之处在于将电信产业的战略重组与不对称管制

政策结合起来，指出西方管制理论中的“马歇尔困境”不能完全用来描述我国的

电信产业的垄断成因，我国电信管制必须在西方经典理论的基础上考虑我国制度

特点。

2.将国际上通用的几种不对称管制措施进行了总结和比较，在管制结构动态

性的前提下探讨搭建怎样的不对称政策动态组合才能实现管制目标。这对我国电

信产业不对称管制政策的研究具有一定的理论意义。

关键词：电信重组；不对称管制；有效竞争；动态性

硕士学位论文

ABSTRACT

Telecommunications industry is a natural monopoly subject to strict control of

the industry. In order to rationally allocate resources to achieve full-service operation

for the ultimate formation of a moderate, healthy market competition, from 1999 to

now, China's telecom industry has had two strategic restructuring; the third

reorganization is currently underway. The ultimate goal of strategic restructuring is to

achieve effective competition, but relying solely on market forces after the

reorganization of the telecommunications industry can not break the monopoly of the

original leading companies, for the introduction of asymmetric regulation policy has

become the practical needs of the telecommunications restructuring in order to help

the disadvantaged operators, the telecommunications industry as soon as possible

symmetrical, balanced competition, with a view to further achieve effective

competition.

At present in China's telecom industry, the restructured three operators in

different business areas have different market power. The new mobile while far ahead

in the mobile phone market, in the fixed and broadband markets are in a backward

position. In particular, with the two previous reorganization difference is that the third

re-issuing 3G licenses in the context of, because our government advocated to

promote independent innovation of China's TD-SCDMA technology, long way to go

third reorganization, need to take into account the market structure and the

optimization of multiple objectives of upgrading of industrial technology. Asymmetry

in the development of appropriate regulatory policies, to allow owners of 3G licenses

to three different operators in various business areas to achieve symmetry of

competition, so that the entire business can be transformed into a full-service

competition, and ultimately in all markets are able to achieve effective competition,

which is a very realistic and practical issues.

The first chapter first summarizes the development trend of international

telecommunications industry, overall review of the control of China's telecom

industry reform process, pointing out that the introduction of competition is the only

way the reform of China's telecom industry.

Chapter II is the telecom industry restructuring and asymmetric control of the

硕士学位论文

relevant literature review and theoretical review.

Chapter III summarizes the first and second restructuring and the corresponding

performance evaluation, combined with the system characteristics of China's telecom

industry, summed up the telecom industry reform and the gains and losses of

asymmetric regulation.

Chapter IV summarizes the International Telecommunication asymmetric control

policies on the seven kinds of practical experience, detailed description of each of the

policies for the applicability of China's telecom industry.

Chapter V First, effective competition theory as a starting point, put forward a

third telecom restructuring objective is to effectively control the use of asymmetric

lead the telecommunications industry to achieve a balanced, symmetrical competitive

situation for the future ease trade controls, the introduction of domestic and overseas

capital, and ultimately lay a solid foundation for effective competition. In the

comprehensive comparison of the three major telecom operators in the three business

areas based on the strength of that after the reorganization of China's

telecommunications industry, there is a structural imbalance that, in three main

business areas there is an asymmetry of their competition in the mobile

communications market The new mobile has the absolute advantage, the new China

Unicom, and new telecommunications are followers, while in the fixed-line and

Internet markets, the former is an absolute disadvantage, telecommunications,

industrial restructuring businesses, must be implemented after the asymmetric control.

Secondly, the use of revised Stackelberg model and Cournot model, to simulate the

reorganization mobile communications, fixed and internet markets, market share

evolution. The results showed that after the reorganization of new mobile

communications market, mobile market share is still a leading position, but the

decrease in restructuring a certain effect; while fixed-line and Internet markets in the

New Telecom and New Unicom will remain the same in absolute leading position,

However, the new mobile market share also has been a certain increase. In addition,

advances in telecommunications technology trends resulting from triple play a

significant impact on the telecommunications industry, the evolution of market

structure. Combination of the above analysis, the author of the forthcoming

asymmetric control measures was proposed.

Chapter VI asymmetric control dependent on the effective implementation of the

three external conditions, namely: as soon as possible an adequate

硕士学位论文

telecommunications law, the establishment has a certain independence of the

telecommunications regulatory bodies, the establishment of suitable conditions of our

country's telecom dispute settlement mechanism.

Innovations of this article are:

1. Taking into account characteristics of China's telecommunications regulatory

regime. Prior to this, many academics have also been mobile communications or

telecommunications industry, the asymmetric control study, but mostly on foreign

telecom industry's own description of asymmetric regulatory policies and introductory

literature, while the writer's innovations is that the telecommunications Strategic

restructuring of the industry combined with the asymmetric control policies, pointing

out that the West control theory, "Marshall dilemma" can not be fully used to describe

the monopoly of China's telecommunications industry causes in the West of China's

telecommunications regulator, the classical theory must be considered on the basis of

characteristics of our system .

2. Will be internationally accepted several asymmetric control measures were

summarized and compared in the control of structural dynamic nature of the premise

of how to build dynamic combination of the asymmetric policy to achieve control

objectives. This asymmetric regulation policy of China's telecommunications industry,

the study has some theoretical significance.

Keywords: Telecom reorganization; Asymmetrical Regulation; workable Competition;

Dynamic

硕士学位论文

前言.......................................................................................................................10

第1章绪论

.......................................................................................................12

1.1 国际电信产业管制改革........................................................................12

1.2 中国电信产业的重组和管制体制改革................................................14

第 2 章文献综述...............................................................................................17

2.1 电信产业重组研究................................................................................17

2.2 国内外电信产业不对称管制................................................................18

2.3 管制的动态性........................................................................................19

第 3 章电信产业战略重组历程与不对称管制实践.......................................21

3.1 电信产业历次重组及效率分析.............................................................21

3.2 我国电信产业重组的制度特点............................................................24

3.3 我国电信产业不对称管制实践............................................................25

第 4 章电信产业的不对称管制政策体系.......................................................27

4.1 资费管制................................................................................................27

4.2 分业务独立核算....................................................................................27

4.3 不对称网间结算....................................................................................28

4.4 普遍服务机制........................................................................................28

4.5 基站共享................................................................................................29

4.6 号码携带政策........................................................................................29

4.7 市场份额管制........................................................................................30

第 5 章新一轮重组后电信不对称管制重构...................................................32

5.1 新一轮重组后运营商实力比较............................................................32

5.2 不对称管制政策导向............................................................................32

5.3 分业务不对称管制................................................................................33

5.4 不对称管制的动态性............................................................................36

第 6 章电信产业实施不对称管制政策的外部条件.......................................43

6.1 完善以《电信法》为核心的法规体系................................................43

6.2 建立较为独立的电信管制机构............................................................44

6.3 设立有效的电信争端解决机制............................................................48

参考文献...............................................................................................................49

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摘要：

硕士学位论文2摘要电信产业是一个受严格管制的自然垄断性产业。为了合理配置资源，实现全业务经营，最终形成适度、健康的市场竞争格局，从1999年至今，中国电信产业先后进行了两次战略重组，第三次重组目前正在进行中。战略性重组的终极目标是实现有效竞争，但重组后单纯依靠市场力量不可能打破电信产业的原有主导企业的垄断地位，为此引入不对称管制政策成为了电信重组的现实需要，以扶持弱势运营商，尽快实现电信产业的对称、均衡竞争，以期进一步实现有效竞争。目前在中国电信产业，重组后的三家运营商在不同的业务领域具有不同的市场势力。新移动虽然在移动电话市场中遥遥领先，在固话和宽带市场中却处于明显落后的位置。特别地，与前两...

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