USST_Arts_117210938我国海关公务员领导力开发与培养研究

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摘要

随着二十一世纪全球化时代的到来，以机器大工业为主导的工业文明开始转

向以知识经济为主导的后工业文明，世界各国在政治、经济各领域的竞争日趋激

烈，人类文明的重大变迁引发了西方社会对人才培养理念和目标重新审视，并且

积极开展领导力理论发展与实践运用的研究和探索。改革开放三十年来，随着我

国加入世界贸易组织，经济体制改革不断深入，社会各界对政府职能转变的要求

亦越发凸显。与此经济和社会状况相呼应，近年来越来越多的国内学者也赞同发

展领导力、提高领导效能是政府创新应变的路径之一。与此同时各国和各地区海

关组织积极应对全球贸易环境的新变化给海关监管带来的新挑战，以适应经济全

球化和贸易发展的新要求。面对全球恐怖主义的威胁以及各国假冒产品的泛滥，

不同于海关传统的四大职能，为企业提供贸易便利化服务和保证全球贸易供应链

的安全已成为各海关组织的工作重点。尤其是 2001 年美国911 事件发生以后，海

关在履行非传统职能方面的任务更是不断加剧。新的政治经济秩序无疑对世界各

国海关组织具有更大的挑战，海关比以往任何一个时代都需要适应变革和加强管

理的能力。

本论文基于对上述问题的思考，主要采用了归纳研究法梳理了西方领导理论

的焦点问题：领导和领导力内涵、领导力理论的演变和发展、研究视角的多元化

和研究焦点的聚焦性等方面。在综合述评的基础上，采用逻辑推理法确定我国海

关公务员领导力基本内涵、构成要素。以比较研究法讨论世界海关组织领导力开

发的经验及其启示。以问卷调查法探讨对我国海关公务员领导力水平现状与问题。

最后以理论联系实际法对我国海关公务员领导力开发的培养机制建设、师资队伍

建设、课程模块开发、拓展模块开发等内容进行探讨。

本论文在国内外学者有关领导力理论研究成果的基础上，对我国海关公务员

领导力培养的必要性、可行性及其主要方法进行理性探索，对领导力理论在我国

政府部门的实践活动做有益的思考，并丰富我国海关公务员的培训理论。同时为

应对我国政府职能转变对海关服务社会职能要求的不断提高，以及加入世贸组织

以后我国海关工作逐步与国际接轨的情况，提高我国海关服务社会、严格把关、

防控风险和应对变革的能力，打造一支高素质的海关人才队伍提供建议和对策。

关键词：海关公务员领导力开发培养机制

ABSTRACT

It has been over 100 years since researches on leadership was undertaken in

Western developed countries. The globalization in the 21st century is transforming

industrial civilization focusing on industrial machines into post-industrial civilization

centering on knowledge economy. And nowadays there is ever intense competition

among countries in economical, political and other fields. Thus, the dramatic changes in

human civilization have brought about the review of the concept and goal of training

talents as well as extensive researches on the theory and practice of leadership in the

West world. Meanwhile, China has conducted reform and opening for more than 30

years and entered the WTO recently. With the deepening of reform in its economic

system, people in all walks of life are expecting the shift of government’s role. In

response to the status quo, the study of leadership in China was started and developed in

1980s. More and more scholars hold that the enhancement of leadership and its

effectiveness is one of the means of innovation in government departments. Given the

complex situation at home and abroad, the administrative sector in China is confronted

with a challenge. China Customs, an administrative organ supervising and controlling

our customs territory, faces an even sterner one.

Thus, this article analyzes a number of key aspects of Western leadership theory:

the definitions of leader and leadership, the development of leadership theory as well as

varied focuses and perspectives on leadership. Based on the theoretical introduction, the

nature and components of leadership of customs officials in China and the necessity and

means of cultivating it will be discussed. Then the author proposes the design and

development of curricula and projects as well as the teaching staff training on leadership

of Chinese customs officials, based on the experience of WCO leadership development.

As mentioned above, the writer gives an insight into the theoretical framework, the goal

and methods of improving leadership of Chinese customs official, which has not been

discussed much before. The article is aimed to explore new approaches to training

customs talents so that they could provide customs services, control customs territory

and conduct risk management for the better.

The article uses induction method to summarize the latest development of the

theory and practice of leadership both here and abroad, which generates the thesis of

this writing as well as its purpose, subject and methods. In addition, deduction approach

is adopted to elaborate on the latest theory and practice of leadership overseas, the

necessity of cultivating leadership of Chinese customs officials, the development of

theoretical framework, the goal and methods of enhancing leadership of Chinese

customs officials. The comparison is also made between the measures WCO has taken

to help customs in different regions with their capacity construction and those taken in

our customs system. Last but not least, specific implementations for bettering leadership

of civil servants in China are provided.

Key Words： Customs Officials，Leadership Development，

Training Mechanism

中文摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章绪论 ........................................................................................................ 1

1.1 选题背景与研究意义 ............................................................................... 1

1.1.1 选题背景 ........................................................................................... 1

1.1.2 研究意义 ........................................................................................... 2

1.2 国内外研究现状综述 ............................................................................... 2

1.2.1 领导和领导力的概念内涵 ............................................................... 2

1.2.2 领导力相关理论演变与发展 ............................................................ 5

1.2.3 研究视角 ........................................................................................... 6

1.2.4 研究述评 ........................................................................................... 8

1.3 研究内容、路径、方法和创新 ................................................................ 9

1.3.1 研究内容 ........................................................................................... 9

1.3.2 研究路径 ........................................................................................... 9

1.3.3 研究方法 ......................................................................................... 11

1.3.3 重点、难点和创新点 ...................................................................... 11

第二章我国海关公务员领导力的内涵与构成要素 ....................................... 12

2.1 我国海关公务员领导力的基本内涵 ...................................................... 12

2.1.1 我国海关公务员领导力内涵 .......................................................... 12

2.1.2 我国海关公务员领导力基本内容 .................................................. 13

2.2 我国海关公务员领导力的构成要素 ...................................................... 15

2.2.1 胜任特征理论与海关公务员领导力的构成 ................................... 15

2.2.2 我国海关公务员领导力构成要素 .................................................. 17

第三章世界海关组织领导力开发经验及其启示 ........................................... 22

3.1 世界海关组织领导力开发的背景 .......................................................... 22

3.1.1 海关非传统职能对海关领导力的要求 ........................................... 22

3.1.2 世界海关组织能力建设战略的要求 ............................................... 23

3.2 世界海关组织领导力项目开发内容 ...................................................... 26

3.2.1 世界海关组织领导力与管理发展项目 ........................................... 26

3.2.2 海关学术研究与发展伙伴关系项目 ............................................... 28

3.2.3 世界海关组织 CLICK 网络远程教育项目 ..................................... 29

3.3 世界海关组织领导力开发的启示 .......................................................... 35

3.3.1 具有完整的领导力发展计划 .......................................................... 35

3.3.2 重视各方面合作伙伴关系 .............................................................. 35

3.2.3 注重现代管理理念与技能提升 ...................................................... 35

3.2.4 强调实践经验的交流与学习 .......................................................... 36

3.2.5 积极推进网络远程教育平台的开发与建设 ................................... 36

3.2.6 增进国际间海关教育培训的交流合作 ........................................... 36

第四章我国海关公务员领导力培养的现状与问题 ....................................... 37

4.1 我国海关公务员领导力培养的现状调查 .............................................. 37

4.1.1 调查问卷的基本情况 ...................................................................... 37

4.1.2 调查问卷分析情况.......................................................................... 41

4.1.3 调查问卷意见与建议汇总 .............................................................. 52

4.2 我国海关公务员领导力培养的问题分析 .............................................. 52

4.2.1 领导力开发机制不完善 .................................................................. 52

4.2.2 对构成要素的认识不充分 .............................................................. 53

4.2.3 提升领导力的形式不够丰富 .......................................................... 55

4.2.4 师资队伍的结构不合理 .................................................................. 56

第五章我国海关公务员领导力开发与培养的对策与建议 ........................... 57

5.1 机制建设 ................................................................................................ 57

5.1.1 开发机制建设 ................................................................................. 57

5.1.2 培训效果的评估、跟踪与反馈机制建设 ....................................... 60

5.1.3 奖惩机制建设 ................................................................................. 61

5.2 师资队伍建设 ......................................................................................... 61

5.2.1 师资队伍遴选 ................................................................................. 61

5.2.2 师资队伍建设 ................................................................................. 62

5.3 课程模块开发 ......................................................................................... 63

5.3.1 品质层次课程模块.......................................................................... 64

5.3.2 能力层次课程模块.......................................................................... 64

5.3.3 影响力层次课程模块 ...................................................................... 66

5.4 拓展项目开发 ......................................................................................... 67

5.4.1 拓展模块设计 ................................................................................. 67

5.4.2 拓展模块内容 ................................................................................ 68

结论 .................................................................................................................... 70

附录 .................................................................................................................... 71

参考文献 ............................................................................................................ 75

在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 .................................... 79

致谢 .................................................................................................................... 80

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摘要：

摘要随着二十一世纪全球化时代的到来，以机器大工业为主导的工业文明开始转向以知识经济为主导的后工业文明，世界各国在政治、经济各领域的竞争日趋激烈，人类文明的重大变迁引发了西方社会对人才培养理念和目标重新审视，并且积极开展领导力理论发展与实践运用的研究和探索。改革开放三十年来，随着我国加入世界贸易组织，经济体制改革不断深入，社会各界对政府职能转变的要求亦越发凸显。与此经济和社会状况相呼应，近年来越来越多的国内学者也赞同发展领导力、提高领导效能是政府创新应变的路径之一。与此同时各国和各地区海关组织积极应对全球贸易环境的新变化给海关监管带来的新挑战，以适应经济全球化和贸易发展的新要求。面对全球恐怖主义...

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