基于着色Petri网的多CODP大规模定制生产仿真研究

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摘要

随着经济全球化进程的不断加剧，市场竞争日趋激烈，企业要争取更大的市

场份额就必须满足顾客的个性化需求，大规模定制已成为众多企业首选的生产模

式。大规模定制生产模式是解决规模经济和个性化需求矛盾的有机结合：大规模

生产使企业获得低成本的产出，而定制生产则可以提高顾客的满意度。协调这一

矛盾的关键是合理平衡大规模与个性化的矛盾，即客户订单分离点（Customer

Order Decoupling Point，CODP）的有效定位。

作为一种图形化和数学化的离散系统建模和分析工具，着色Petri网（Colored

Petri Nets,CPN）通过赋予Petri网“颜色”、“层次”的概念，有效避免了网规模随

实际系统的复杂度增大而迅速增大的问题。而对于包含多个CODP的大规模定制生

产系统，其涉及因素之多，涵盖内容之广，其建模难度是显而易见的。同时CODP

位置的不确定性，动态性也给系统性能的评价造成了不少困难。然而，着色Petri

网利用颜色集、层次子网的概念则能充分表达系统的特征，此外，其动态模拟和

数学化的表达功能则恰恰为CODP的定位提供了一把钥匙。

一个定制产品往往由多个零部件和模块组成，所有这些零部件和模块构成了

大规模定制产品BOM（Bill of Material）结构，此BOM结构中存在多个客户订单分

离点。本文以大规模定制生产系统为研究对象，主要工作集中于大规模定制生产

系统的CPN模型描述、CPN Tools分析和CODP定位决策，具体概括如下：

第一，从产品BOM表的视角研究大规模定制生产，给出了包含多个CODP的

大规模定制生产业务流程以及大规模定制生产的多CODP定位数学模型；

第二，充分利用CPN图形化和数学化的特点，构建了大规模定制生产系统的

CPN模型，以及描述了CPN模型中多CODP的定位原则，力图通过CPN Tools仿真

工具来求解满意的CODP位置；

第三，借助CPN Tools仿真工具，通过一个实例进行情景模拟证实了大规模定

制生产系统CPN模型的准确性，有效解决了大规模定制下多个CODP的定位问题，

提高了企业服务水平和顾客满意度。

关键词：大规模定制客户订单分离点着色 Petri 网CPN Tools

ABSTRACT

Along with the growing process of economic globalization, the market is becoming

increasingly competitive. In order to strive for greater market share, enterprises must

meet the individual needs of customers. Based on this background, mass customization

has become the preferred mode of production for the majority of companies. Mass

customization is to solve the contradictory between individual needs and economies of

scale: large-scale production enables enterprises to receive low-cost output, while

customization can improve customers’ satisfaction. The key to coordinate this

contradiction is to secure a reasonable balance between large scale and the individual,

that is, an effective position of customer order decoupling point (Customer Order

Decoupling Point, CODP).

As a graphic and mathematical modeling and analysis tool of the discrete system,

Colored Petri Nets (Colored Petri Nets, CPN) ,which gives the concept of "color" and

"level" to Petri nets, avoid effectively the problem of the growing size of the network

when the complexity of actual system becomes increasing. For the mass customization

system consisting of multiple CODP, which involves many factors and covers the

breadth of content, the difficulty of modeling it is obvious. At the same time, the

uncertainty and dynamics of CODP’s position also cause many difficulties for the

evaluation of system performance. However, colored Petri nets is able to fully express

the characteristics of the system by using color sets, the concept of sub-level. In

addition, the dynamic simulation and mathematical function of expression provides

precisely the key for the positioning of CODP.

A customized product is often made of a number of components and modules. All

of these constitute the BOM (Bill of Material) structure of mass customization product.

There are multiple customer order decoupling points in the BOM structure. In this paper,

author mainly focuses on the mass customization production system. The main job

includes the description of CPN model for mass customization production system, the

analysis of CPN Tools and the decision-making of CODP positioning. All of these can

be specifically summarized as follows:

First, from the perspective of the product’s BOM table, the author studies the mass

customization. The business processes of mass customization including multiple

CODPs and multi-CODPs positioning mathematical model are given.

Second, the author has constructed CPN model of the mass customization system

by making full use of the graphical and mathematical characteristics of CPN. In

addition, we describe the principles of the positioning of multiple CODPs in the CPN

model, trying to get the satisfying position of CODPs through the simulation of CPN

Tools.

Third, by means of CPN Tools, scenario simulation of a case has confirmed the

accuracy of CPN model of mass customization production system. It solves the

positioning of multiple CODPs in the mass customization, not only improving the

service level but also increasing the customer satisfaction.

Key Word: Mass Customization, Customer Order Decoupling Point,

Colored Petri Nets, CPN Tools

中文摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章绪论 ...................................................... 1

§1.1 课题的研究背景及意义 ..................................... 1

§1.2 国内外研究现状 ........................................... 2

§1.2.1 大规模定制研究现状 .................................... 2

§1.2.2 客户订单分离点相关理论及研究现状 ...................... 4

§1.3 论文的主要工作和组织结构 ................................. 7

第二章着色 Petri 网 .............................................. 9

§2.1 Petri 网的基本概念 ........................................ 9

§2.2 着色 Petri 网的基本理论 .................................. 10

§2.2.1 着色 Petri 网的基本定义 ............................... 10

§2.2.2 着色 Petri 网的层次性 ................................. 11

§2.2.3 变迁的触发规则 ....................................... 11

§2.3 CPN Tools 简介 ........................................... 12

§2.4 本章小结 ................................................ 14

第三章多 CODP 的大规模定制生产系统 .............................. 15

§3.1 备货型生产和定货型生产及其业务流程 ...................... 15

§3.2 基于多 CODP 的大规模定制生产模式 ......................... 16

§3.3 大规模定制生产的多 CODP 定位模型 ......................... 20

§3.3.1 变量定义 .............................................20

§3.3.1 模型建立 .............................................23

第四章基于 CPN 的大规模定制生产系统模型 ......................... 24

§4.1 假设和约定 .............................................. 24

§4.2 CPN 模型的分层建模 ....................................... 24

§4.2.1 大规模定制生产系统顶层模块 ...........................25

§4.2.2 订单处理(order process)子模块 ........................26

§4.2.3 生产调度(production schedule)子模块 ..................31

§4.2.4 产品组装(product assemble)子模块 .....................31

§4.2.5 物流配送(logistics delivery)子模块 ...................32

§4.3 基于 CPN 的多 CODP 定位模型描述 ........................... 33

第五章基于 CPN 的多 CODP 大规模定制数值研究 ...................... 36

§5.1 仿真算例 ................................................ 36

§5.2 结果分析 ................................................ 37

§5.3 本章小结 ................................................ 39

第六章结论与展望 ............................................... 40

§6.1 全文工作总结 ............................................ 40

§6.2 进一步研究展望 .......................................... 41

参考文献 ........................................................ 42

在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 .................. 45

致谢 ............................................................ 46

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摘要：

摘要随着经济全球化进程的不断加剧，市场竞争日趋激烈，企业要争取更大的市场份额就必须满足顾客的个性化需求，大规模定制已成为众多企业首选的生产模式。大规模定制生产模式是解决规模经济和个性化需求矛盾的有机结合：大规模生产使企业获得低成本的产出，而定制生产则可以提高顾客的满意度。协调这一矛盾的关键是合理平衡大规模与个性化的矛盾，即客户订单分离点（CustomerOrderDecouplingPoint，CODP）的有效定位。作为一种图形化和数学化的离散系统建模和分析工具，着色Petri网（ColoredPetriNets,CPN）通过赋予Petri网“颜色”、“层次”的概念，有效避免了网规模随实际系统...

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