英汉旅游文本的对比研究
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I
Acknowledgements
First and foremost, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor,
Professor Deng Zhiyong, for his patience, guidance and inspiration. Prof. Deng has
provided me with tremendous useful materials and has helped me overcome the
difficulties during the whole process of my thesis writing. Without his encouragement,
the thesis would not have been completed.
My indebtedness and gratitude should also go to all the other professors of the
English Department. Those teachers have not only taught me knowledge, but also have
enlightened my mind during my studies in the University of Shanghai for Science and
Technology.
Last but not least, my deep thanks go to my parents and my boyfriend who have
offered me unfailing support and encouragement during my whole academic study. I
would also like to thank my classmates and friends who are often engaged in heated
discussion with me and provide their support throughout the composing of this thesis.
II
ABSTRACT
The present thesis, combining genre analysis, register analysis and stylistic
analysis, studies the differences between the Chinese and English Tourism Texts
(hereafter referred to as TTs) with the aim of providing some enlightenment for the
translation and composition of TTs.
20 TTs are chosen as my corpus, 10 in Chinese and 10 in English. Those texts,
taken from a variety of sources, are all published ones. The contrastive study of Chinese
and English TTs is done on two levels: on the macro-level, the moves involved in
Chinese and English TTs, the moves structure and the frequency of each move in the
corpus are analyzed; on the micro-level, the different stylistic features based on register
theory are explored from lexical dimension, syntactic dimension, and figure of speech.
Furthermore, the author uses the notion of literariness which is put forward by
Ronald Carter and Walter Nash (1990) to make an evaluation of the Chinese and
English TTs. By adopting some criteria, the author discovers that the Chinese TTs show
a higher degree of literariness than the English TTs.
By looking at the moves in the corpus, the author identifies altogether sixteen
moves, with the moves Identification, Visual Aids, Characteristics and Facilities&
Activities being obligatory and the other twelve moves being optional. As to the moves
structure, Chinese TTs and English TTs do not show many differences. However, the
study of the frequency of the moves reveals that Chinese TTs and English TTs show
preference for different moves: the moves Travel Tips, Contact Ways and Interactive
Devices appear more frequently in English TTs while the moves Name Explanation and
Development Nowadays appear more frequently in Chinese TTs.
On the micro-textual level, there are different stylistic features in Chinese and
English TTs. English TTs prefer to take “you” to address readers or prospective tourists
while Chinese TTs prefer to take “people” or “tourists” as address forms; English TTs
prefer to use “we” to address the travel agencies or the tourist destinations while
Chinese TTs prefer to use “她/它” as address forms; Chinese TTs use various sentence
structures to show respect to authorities or to show the rank of the tourist destinations in
the move Characteristics while English TTs do not have such sentence structures;
Chinese TTs prefer to use figures of speech to create ideal pictures of the places while
English TTs prefer to use simple and clear sentences to give realistic descriptions of the
III
places.
The results of the contrastive study from these two levels are supportive of the
facts that the English TTs fully consider the needs of the tourists and try to establish a
close relationship between the texts and the readers to achieve the communicative
purpose of propaganda and that the information provided in English TTs is authentic,
reliable, and practical while the Chinese TTs prefer to present the development of the
tourist destinations or show the social status of the places judged by authorities and
present ideal pictures of the scenery to achieve the same purpose.
Key Words: Tourism Texts, Contrastive Study, Moves, Stylistic
Features, Literariness
IV
摘 要
本文综合运用了体裁分析，文体分析和语域分析的方法，多角度的对比英汉
旅游文本的差异。研究的目的在于指导旅游文本的翻译和写作。
此研究选取了 20 篇语篇作为语料，10 篇英语旅游文本，10 篇汉语旅游文本。
这些语篇来源广泛且均为公开发表的文章。本文对英汉旅游文本的对比分析在两
个层面上进行。在宏观层面，对比了英汉语篇的语步组成，语步使用的差别以及
各语步在整个语料中的出现频率；在微观层面，对比了英汉语篇在词汇、句法、
修辞方式上不同的文体特点。
随后，作者用“文学度”的概念，对英汉旅游文本进行评价分析。通过对一
些参数的比较，发现汉语的旅游文本比英语的旅游文本的文学度要高。
通过语步分析，发现旅游文本包括 16 个语步，其中“名称”语步、“图片”
语步、“特点”语步和“设施/活动”语步为必选语步，其他语步为可选语步。在
语步结构上，英、汉旅游信息语篇没有显示出明显的差异。然而，对各语步在整
个语料中的出现频率的分析表明英汉旅游文本偏爱使用不同的语步:“旅游提示”
语步、“联系方式”语步和“互动方式”语步在英语旅游信息语篇中的出现频率高
于它们在汉语旅游信息语篇中的出现频率，而“发展现状”语步和“名称解释”
语步在英语旅游信息语篇中的出现频率则低于它们在汉语旅游信息语篇中的出现
频率。
在文体特点上，英语旅游文本习惯用“you”直接称呼读者或潜在游客，用“we”
称呼旅游景点或者作者服务的旅游机构；而汉语旅游文本用“人”“人们”或者“游
客”来称呼读者或者潜在游客，用“它”或“她”称呼旅游景点或旅游机构。在
汉语语篇的“特点”语步中有多种句子结构表示权威机构对旅游景点的认可或指
出该旅游景点的社会地位；而英语语篇中没有类似的句子结构。汉语语篇较多的
使用修辞方式，把旅游景点渲染成一幅完美的图片；而英语语篇多使用简单易懂
的句子介绍旅游景点的实际状况。
这两方面研究的结果是相辅相成的。英语旅游文本通过充分考虑游客需要，
为游客提供真实、可靠、实用的信息并且与读者建立亲密关系来达到说服的目的；
而汉语的旅游文本则是以展现旅游目的地的发展，或者权威机构的认证以及对旅
游景点美景的渲染来吸引游客。
关键词：旅游文本 对比分析 语步 文体特点 文学度
Contents
Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... I
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... II
摘 要 ............................................................................................................................ IV
Chapter One Introduction ..............................................................................................1
§ 1.1 A Brief Introduction ..............................................................................................1
§ 1.2 Theoretical and Practical Significance ................................................................. 1
§ 1.3 Data Collection and Data Analysis .......................................................................2
§ 1.4 Structure of the Thesis ..........................................................................................4
Chapter Two Literature Review and Theoretical Background .................................. 5
§ 2.1 Review of Previous Studies of TTs...................................................................... 5
§ 2.1.1 Studies of TTs Abroad ....................................................................................5
§ 2.1.2 Studies of TTs in China ..................................................................................6
§ 2.2 Approaches to Discourse Analysis ....................................................................... 9
§ 2.3 Relationship between Register Analysis and Genre Analysis ............................ 11
§ 2.4 Stylistic Analysis ................................................................................................ 13
§ 2.4.1 Definitions of Style and Stylistics ................................................................13
§ 2.4.2 Relationship between Stylistics and Register Theory ..................................14
§ 2.5 Research Methodology .......................................................................................15
Chapter Three Text-linguistic Discourse Analysis of Chinese and English TTs......16
§ 3.1 Moves in Chinese and English TTs.................................................................... 16
§ 3.1.1 Defining the Corpus as a Genre ................................................................... 16
§ 3.1.2 Move and Moves Analysis ...........................................................................17
§ 3.1.3 Summary ...................................................................................................... 36
§ 3.2 Stylistic Features of Chinese and English TTs Based on Register Theory .........36
§ 3.2.1 Different Stylistic Features in Lexical Dimension .......................................38
§ 3.2.2 Different Syntactic Features of TTs............................................................. 41
§ 3.2.3 Differences in the Uses of Figures of Speech .............................................. 47
§ 3.3 Literariness of Chinese and English TTs............................................................52
Chapter Four Implications ...........................................................................................60
§ 4.1 Implications for C-E Translation of TTs.............................................................60
§ 4.2 Implications for EFL Teaching of TTs Composition ..........................................63
Chapter Five Conclusion .............................................................................................. 66
§ 5.1 A Brief Summary of the Findings .......................................................................66
§ 5.2 Limitations of the Research ................................................................................68
§ 5.3 Suggestions for Further Research .......................................................................68
Appendices .....................................................................................................................69
Appendix One ..............................................................................................................69
Appendix Two ............................................................................................................. 81
Appendix Three ........................................................................................................... 83
Bibliography .................................................................................................................. 84
在读期间公开发表的论文.............................................................................................88
Chapter One Introduction
1
Chapter One Introduction
§ 1.1 A Brief Introduction
Do you like travelling? With the development of society and the enhancement of
communication, tourism is arguably the largest multinational activity. Nowadays, with
the coming of 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, China will surely become one of the
tourist centers. People all over the world will come to watch the significant Games.
Meanwhile, they will tour our country to experience the ancient eastern culture, to enjoy
the beauty of the scenic spots, to taste delicious Chinese foods, and to witness the
tremendous change of China. Now it’s an information explosion age. Tourists can easily
find all kinds tourist information by reading tourism texts (TTs in short). Then,
problems arise. Can the texts fulfill the foreigners’ expectation? Are there any
differences between Chinese and English TTs? An overall study on this topic becomes
an urgent necessity.
TTs refer to a kind of texts which provide information for travelers with the aim to
promote tourism. They can be obtained from internet, travel brochures, magazines, etc.
The studies of TTs by translators and researchers are from different perspectives. Some
point out mistakes in TTs translation and provide strategies to improve it; some
approach the translation of TTs from cultural or functional perspective; some make
discourse analysis from cultural perspective, etc. However, a contrastive study of
Chinese and English TTs is rarely seen.
“Doing discourse analysis without a contrastive base is as incomplete as doing
contrastive analysis without a discourse base” (Hatim, 2000: xiii). In this thesis, the
author will make a contrastive study of Chinese and English TTs based on 20 TTs.
§ 1.2 Theoretical and Practical Significance
There is no perfect model in the field of discourse analysis. Different analysts may
have different interests in discourse and may therefore focus on particular aspects of
discourse. Some scholars choose to study lexical patterns and cohesion; some choose to
study a particular class of communicative events by a discourse community; functional
linguists represented by Halliday adopt register analysis in the study of institutional
A Contrastive Study of Chinese and English Tourism Texts (TTs)
2
linguistic framework; some study the stylistic features of a discourse by stylistic
analysis…. Different as these approaches are, none of them, according to Gee (1999) is
uniquely right. According to Lin and Yang (2007: 15), discourse analysts may conduct
their study by integrating different approaches, that is, they should combine two or more
methods for particular purposes.
In this thesis, the author designs a tentative method which integrates moves
analysis, stylistic analysis and register analysis in analyzing the discourse of TTs. The
moves analysis can reveal differences on the macro-textual level; the stylistic analysis
can show the different stylistic features on the micro-textual level; and the register
analysis can help to explain the hidden causes of the differences. This analyzing model
is one theoretical finding of the study.
The second theoretical significance of the study is that it can expand the scope of
genres that can be studied through genre analysis. Research in the area of ESP is mainly
concerned with the analysis of English in academic and professional settings, such as
the analysis of certain parts of academic papers or job application letters, sales
promotion letters, or legislative provisions (Lin & Yang, 2007: 201). However, a
tourism text, which is a more practical genre, is rarely concerned.
As for the practical significance, people who use English as a second or foreign
language usually encounter both linguistic and intercultural problems. The problems are
caused by insufficient awareness of certain cultural-specific features that differ in
English discourses and source discourses. Therefore, an appropriate discourse
comparison or contrast across cultures, which can show the features of particular types
of discourse, would be beneficial. The goal of the thesis is to show the cross-cultural
differences, with the aim to let people not only be aware of the differences, but also be
more competent in composing and translating TTs.
§ 1.3 Data Collection and Data Analysis
The author has chosen 20 TTs as corpus for study, 10 in Chinese and 10 in English.
Several points should be clarified about the corpus. Firstly, the TTs can be classified
into three types. They are about countries, cities, and particular travelling spots. These
three types of tourist destinations are most common in our daily life. Secondly, one
specific characteristic of the corpus is that all the texts are published ones on the internet
Chapter One Introduction
3
or in travel brochures instead of texts written particularly for this study. This is also a
guarantee of the truthfulness of the study. According to Liang, 65.88% of tourist
information is got from internet (Liang, 2007). Therefore, most of the corpus is chosen
from internet. Thirdly, the TTs are of different lengths, the shortest being about 160
words (a text in English), and the longest one being about 5000 words (a text in
English). Most of the TTs’ length is in between. Thus, they can stand for most of the
Chinese and English TTs. Fourthly, the texts include two for Malaysia (one from an
English travel brochure and one written by a native Chinese), two for Shanghai, two for
Disneyland (both from internet; one by a Chinese writer, the other by an English writer).
The others are for Beijing (in Chinese), Washington DC (in English), both being capital
cities; Li River(in Chinese) and Lake district(in English), both being famous lakes; two
zoos: Beijing Zoo (in Chinese) and London Zoo (in English); Great Wall (in Chinese)
and the Statue of Liberty (in English), which are symbols of the countries; one for
Melbourne (in Chinese), which is a big city in Australia; the last two are for Gulangyu
(in Chinese) and Las Vegas City (in English), which are the author’s favorite places.
The chosen texts include countries, capital cities, big cities, rivers, lakes, zoos, islands,
and places for fun. They can cover most types of the tourist destinations. In addition, the
author has chosen an English text written by a Chinese writer (See Appendix Two).
The analytical procedure is as follows: Firstly, on the macro-textual level, an
analysis based on Swale’s moves analysis is conducted. All of the TTs are changed into
Microsoft Word. Then the author uses software to process the texts, that is, to count the
numbers of the words in one text, or to count the frequency of one specific word
appearing in one text, etc. The obligatory and optional moves of both Chinese and
English TTs are identified and presented. To avoid the limitation of using empirical
methods to calculate the division of moves and also to guarantee the reliability of the
analysis, the author introduces the definitions of moves and ways of dividing moves of a
text to two classmates and invites them to analyze two TTs in detail, and the
identification and analysis of the moves are then refined based on the discussion and
consensus with the author’s classmates. This is followed by a contrastive study of
moves appearing in the Chinese and English corpus. The new allowable move order is
depicted afterwards. Later, on the micro-textual level, the different stylistic features of
Chinese and English TTs are found. The stylistic analysis touches upon three
dimensions: vocabulary, syntax, and figures of speech. The stylistic features are
A Contrastive Study of Chinese and English Tourism Texts (TTs)
4
interpreted by looking into the cultural context and linguistic context of TTs.
Furthermore, the author adopts the notion of literariness to evaluate the Chinese and
English TTs.
§ 1.4 Structure of the Thesis
The thesis follows the logical progression of studying theories, collecting data,
making a contrastive study of the data based on linguistic theories, and putting the
findings into practice. The thesis consists of five chapters.
Chapter One is an introduction. It states the reason and general purpose of the
present study, the data collection, the significance and the analytical procedure for the
study.
Chapter Two is a literature review of the previous studies on TTs and different
approaches to discourse analysis. The methods and limitations of the previous studies
on TTs can help the author find the research methodology for this thesis. The theories
concerning genre analysis, stylistic analysis and register analysis are introduced to give
the theoretical background of the thesis.
As one of the main parts of this study, Chapter Three demonstrates the contrastive
study of Chinese and English TTs by comparing the moves and the stylistic features in
the corpus. The causes of each difference are interpreted subsequently. At last, an
evaluation based on the notion of literariness is conducted.
Chapter Four covers the implications for C-E translation and EFL teaching.
Chapter Five concludes the thesis with a summary of the major findings and
limitations of the present study, pointing out the direction in which further research can
be carried out.
摘要：
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IAcknowledgementsFirstandforemost,Iwouldliketoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetomysupervisor,ProfessorDengZhiyong,forhispatience,guidanceandinspiration.Prof.Denghasprovidedmewithtremendoususefulmaterialsandhashelpedmeovercomethedifficultiesduringthewholeprocessofmythesiswriting.Withouthisencouragement,th...
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作者：陈辉
分类：高等教育资料
价格：15积分
属性：93 页
大小：1.18MB
格式：PDF
时间：2024-11-19
