滤光片颜色特性在线检测仪的研制

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3.0 赵德峰 2024-11-19 5 4 2.61MB 65 页 15积分

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摘要

二十一世纪将是一个信息竞争激烈的时代，这已经成了人们的共识。信息技

术在信息时代起着至关重要的作用，概括来讲信息技术，也就是信息的获得、控

制、处理、传输和转换的过程。在信息技术快速发展过程当中，光谱检测分析技

术以及光谱检测仪器因其高灵敏度、高分辨率、测试速度块、能够很好抗干扰、

能够遥控测量、污染很小等一系列优点，已成为各种工业制造、科研实验、航空

航天、环境监测信息最佳的优选信息源头手段，在军事、民用的各个领域起着至

关重要的作用。

本文在分析了国内外滤光片颜色特性测量仪器的现状和测量仪器数字化、微

型化、智能化和集成化的发展趋势的基础上，设计了一款响应快、体积小、功耗

低、便于携带的数字化光谱检测仪器，可用于滤光片、光学薄膜的颜色特性的检

测。文章着重介绍了滤光片颜色特性在线检测仪的设计原理、设计框架、软硬件

设计及最终的调试结果。具体内容如下：

光学系统的结构设计方案；

ILX554B型线阵CCD的基本工作原理和其作为系统

光谱敏感元件的优缺点，并对它的各项技术参数进行了分析和选择，计算和分析

其所能达到的测量精度；比较了CCD驱动的各种硬件实现方法的优缺点，根据现

阶段的最新技术选择采用CPLD的设计方案；利用EDA软件设计并制作了系统的硬

件电路板，包括CCD信号处理电路、采集电路、串口通信模块电路；设计了系统

信号采集处理、串口通信协议和上位机操作的程序；对系统的整体性能进行了详

细分析和研究，并提出相对应的改进方案。

综上所述，本文成功实现了滤光片颜色特性在线检测的各项基本功能，并为

设备的进一步的改进奠定了基础。

关键词：光谱检测分光光栅电荷耦合器件单片机智能化

ABSTRACT

People in the world all know that the twenty-first century will be a world of

information. The base of information-Age is the information technology. In a word, the

information technology is abusolutely about the process of getting information,dealing

with,information transmission and controlling.At the process of developing information

technology,spectroscopic analysis detecting technology and the spectroscopic detecting

instrument have become the best method for getting information in the fields of

physics,chemical,biology, because it has many advantages such as high effective, cost

saving, environmental protection and convenience, etc.It plays a very important role in

many fields of our society.

At the base of analyzing the developing and technology of optical detecting

instrument, such as digital, inteligent and intergration, this article designed a optical

detecting device which is small, cheap and portability.It can be used for detecting

optical spectrum of the filter and optical thin-film.The primary of article is to introduce

design process of the detecting instrument,including design principle,design

framework,hardware,software and the final debugging.The detail of the work for this

article is as followed:

To study about the theory of the linear CCD (charge coupled device). To know

about the adventage and disadvantage of using CCD as the spectroscopic sensing

element.In order to know the precision of the device, we analyzed the technical

parameter of the CCD.There are many methods to design the driver of the CCD and

different methods have different adventage.CPLD have a low price and it have many

adventage in design impulse signal.So I chose to use CPLD as the hardware for

designing CCD driver. Using the Altium software, I designed the circuit for the whole

system, including signal processing circuit, signal sample circuit and serial ports

communication circuit.

To display the signal on the computer, I designed software for the single chip by

which the single chip can exchange datas with computer.I chose a chip named

C8051F020 as the single chip. I also write a program for the computer by VC++.Using

this computer program we can deal with the datas on the computer which is from the

single chip.Finally I measured the performance of this instrument.

III

Key word: spectroscopic analysis, spectro-grating, CCD, single chip,

intellectualized product

摘要 ............................................................................................................................... I

ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................II

目录 .............................................................................................................................. IV

第一章绪论 .................................................................................................................1

§1.1 课题研究背景 ......................................................................................................1

§1.2 国内外发展现状 ..................................................................................................1

§1.3 主要研究内容和关键技术 ...................................................................................3

第二章滤光片在线检测仪系统的总体设计 ................................................................ 4

§2.1 检测系统设计原理 ..............................................................................................4

§2.2 系统总体方案概述 ..............................................................................................5

§2.3 目标芯片的选择 ...................................................................................................6

§2.3.1 光电信号转换芯片的选择........................................................................... 6

§2.3.2 CCD 驱动芯片的选择 ...................................................................................8

§2.3.3 系统采样芯片的选择................................................................................. 10

§2.4 系统设计中的关键技术 ....................................................................................12

§2.5 本章小结 ............................................................................................................13

第三章系统硬件设计 .................................................................................................. 14

§3.1 系统总体方案设计 ............................................................................................14

§3.2 各模块设计 ........................................................................................................14

§3.2.1 光学模块..................................................................................................... 15

§3.2.2 光电耦合器件模块..................................................................................... 22

§3.2.3 CPLD 驱动模块 ...........................................................................................24

§3.2.4 信号处理电路模块..................................................................................... 26

§3.2.5 MCU 外围电路模块 .................................................................................... 28

§3.2.6 串口通信模块............................................................................................. 31

§3.2.7 电源模块..................................................................................................... 32

§3.3 系统设计总结 ....................................................................................................33

§3.3.1 电路原理图................................................................................................. 33

§3.3.2 电路 PCB 设计 ........................................................................................... 34

§3.3.3 基于 Altium 的PCB 图.............................................................................. 35

§3.4 系统设计总结 ....................................................................................................36

第四章在线检测系统的软件设计 .............................................................................. 37

§4.1 CPLD 的驱动程序设计 ..................................................................................... 37

§4.1.1 EDA 设计流程 .............................................................................................37

§4.1.2 VHDL 硬件语言的特点.............................................................................. 38

§4.1.3 程序设计方案............................................................................................. 39

§4.1.4 驱动设计的仿真......................................................................................... 42

§4.2 单片机程序设计 ................................................................................................44

§4.2.1 中断系统设计............................................................................................. 44

§4.2.2 ADC 接口驱动程序设计 .............................................................................45

§4.2.3 串口通信程序设计..................................................................................... 46

§4.2.4 主程序设计................................................................................................. 47

§4.3 上位机显示程序 ................................................................................................48

§4.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................49

第五章系统调试和测量分析 ...................................................................................... 50

§5.1 系统的硬件在线调试 ........................................................................................50

§5.2 上位机软件的调试过程 ....................................................................................50

§5.3 本章小结 ............................................................................................................52

第六章总结与展望 .......................................................................................................53

§6.1 总结 ....................................................................................................................53

§6.2 展望 ....................................................................................................................53

参考文献 .........................................................................................................................55

在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及所取得成果 ........................................ 55

致谢 .............................................................................................................................59

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摘要：

I摘要二十一世纪将是一个信息竞争激烈的时代，这已经成了人们的共识。信息技术在信息时代起着至关重要的作用，概括来讲信息技术，也就是信息的获得、控制、处理、传输和转换的过程。在信息技术快速发展过程当中，光谱检测分析技术以及光谱检测仪器因其高灵敏度、高分辨率、测试速度块、能够很好抗干扰、能够遥控测量、污染很小等一系列优点，已成为各种工业制造、科研实验、航空航天、环境监测信息最佳的优选信息源头手段，在军事、民用的各个领域起着至关重要的作用。本文在分析了国内外滤光片颜色特性测量仪器的现状和测量仪器数字化、微型化、智能化和集成化的发展趋势的基础上，设计了一款响应快、体积小、功耗低、便于携带的数字化光谱检测...

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