基于马克思再生产理论对我国当前投资与消费问题研究

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摘 要
近两年来,在全球金融危机的影响下,中国经济遭受重创,出口缩减,企业
投融资萎缩,就业难度加大,国内消费能力急剧下降。在这种经济背景下,中国
政府提出“宽松的货币政策和积极的财政政策”,并推出促进经济增长的十项措
施,以期扩大国内需求,拉动经济增长。但是,中国国内投资与消费比例关系的
失衡仍十分明显,这导致了一系列经济问题,严重阻碍了经济复苏。本文运用马
克思经典理论来分析中国在社会主义现代化建设中存在的投资与消费比例关系问
题。
首先,对马克思再生产理论进行了文献综述,介绍了再生产的含义、简单再
生产和扩大再生产及其实现条件。重点把马克思再生产理论与中国市场经济建设
中存在的问题相结合,作为对中国市场经济建设的指导意义和对中国当前消费与
投资结构比例调整的理论依据。
其次,对中国当前所处的国际经济环境和国内经济状况进行了计量分析。根
据分析结果我们认为,在当前全球金融危机的背景下,全球经济增长放缓,各国
进口需求减弱,这给中国出口行业以重创,同时国内经济步伐逐步放缓,总供给
与总需求不平衡矛盾越加突出,居民消费能力下降,投资与消费严重失衡,急需
对之进行调整。
最后,运用马克思再生产理论对中国消费与投资的失衡原因进行了分析,提
出了针对性的措施和政策建议。即要让市场成为配置经济资源的主体,提高资本
周转速度和使用效率;要保持经济结构合理的比例关系,正确安排两大部类之间
以及三大产业之间的比例关系;要从粗放型的外延扩大再生产转向集约型的内涵
扩大再生产;要保证投资与消费的科学合理的结构比例,保证两者之间健全高效
的传导机制;要逐步实现经济增长方式由投资驱动型转向由消费和技术进步联合
驱动型的转变。
本文的创新点主要在于方法和选题的创新。本文的选题,正是在全球金融危
机的大背景和中国经济转型的特殊时期提出来的,从马克思再生产理论出发来研
究投资消费均衡和经济增长的关系,这也是我国现代化建设过程中迫切需要解决
的问题。因此,本论文的选题具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。方法上本文运用计
量分析法和马克思再生产理论的均衡模型,分析了相关数据,结合数学模型对数
据进行了多元回归分析,从定性和定量两个方面论述中国当前投资和消费中存在
的问题,并得出一些政策建议。
关键词:再生产理论 投资 消费 经济增长
ABSTRACT
In the past two years, under the crisis of the global financial, China's economy
suffered a heavy hit ,exports reduced, investment and financing corporate shrinking,
and it is more difficult to get a job, domestic consumption is in a sharp decline. In this
economic context, Chinese Government proposed "Loose monetary policy and active
fiscal policy", and brought up 10 measures to promote economic growth, expecting to
expand domestic demand ,Stimulating economic growth. However, the imbalance of
the ratio between China's domestic investment and consumption is getting more
obvious. This has led to a series of economic problems, creating serious obstacle to
economic recovery. This article uses the classical theory of Marx to analysis China's
socialist modernization drive that exist in the ratio between investment and consumption
problems.
Firstly, this paper has done the literature review of the theory of Marx's
reproduction, described the meaning of reproduction. Simple reproduction and
expansion of the conditions of reproduction and its implementation. This paper lay the
important point in the connection of the problems of Marx 's reproduction theory and
construction of China's Market Economy, this paper also analyzed the theory of guiding
the construction of China's market economy and the theoretical basis of China's current
consumption and investment structure adjusting ratio .
Secondly, this paper has analyzed the situation of China's current economic in
international environment and domestic economic conditions. In the background of
current global financial crisis, the global economic slow downs, states import demand
weakened, this give a heavy hit to export of china. At the same time, pace of the
domestic economy slows down, imbalance between aggregate supply and aggregate
demand increasingly goes up, the household consumption dropped ,investment and
consumption are getting seriously imbalance, it has a urgent need to adjust.
Then, used the reproduction of Marx's theory to analyze the reasons of China's
consumption and investment imbalance, putting forward specific measures and policies.
that is let the market be the main body of allocation of economic resources, improve the
speed and efficiency in the use of capital turnover;maintain a reasonable ratio between
the economic structure, arrange the relationship between the two categories of proper
and the three major industries; we should make this happen that the progressive
realization of economic growth mode shift from investment-driven consumption and
technological progress by the Joint-driven changes.
The innovation of this article mainly lies in the innovation of the method .it
innovatively unifies the qualitative analysis and the equilibrium model of the Marx's
theory of society reproduction, using mathematical model to the data carries on the
related regression analysis, it analyzed current China's problems which are in the
commercial and investment through related data from the qualitative and quantitative,
reaching a number of policy recommendations.
Key Word :the theory of reproduction ,investment, consumption,
economic growth
目 录
摘要
ABSTRACT
第一章 绪 论.....................................................................................................................1
§1.1 问题背景与研究意义.......................................................................................1
§1.1.1 研究的背景..............................................................................................1
§1.1.2 研究的意义..............................................................................................1
§1.2 消费与投资问题的研究基础及综述...............................................................2
§1.2.1 消费与投资研究概述..............................................................................2
§1.2.2 消费——投资与经济增长......................................................................5
§1.2.3 国内关于投资与消费问题的研究现状..................................................6
§1.3 创新之处与本文结构.......................................................................................9
§1.3.1 本文创新点..............................................................................................9
§1.3.2 研究思路、方法及结构安排................................................................10
§1.4 小结...................................................................................................................11
第二章 马克思再生产理论基础....................................................................................13
§2.1 马克思再生产理论产生的背景.....................................................................13
§2.2 马克思再生产理论的主要内容.....................................................................13
§2.2.1 再生产的含义........................................................................................13
§2.2.2 再生产的实现条件................................................................................14
§2.3 马克思再生产理论的意义和评价.................................................................15
§2.3.1 再生产理论体现的平衡意义................................................................15
§2.3.2 对马克思再生产理论的评价................................................................16
第三章 中国当前的消费与投资现状............................................................................19
§3.1 中国经济发展的背景.....................................................................................19
§3.1.1 中国当前经济发展的国际背景............................................................19
§3.1.2 中国当前经济发展的国内环境............................................................20
§3.2 中国当前的消费现状.....................................................................................22
§3.2.1 我国消费需求现状................................................................................22
§3.2.2. 消费更加谨慎,储蓄意愿增强...........................................................23
§3.2.3 农村巨大潜在消费需求有待释放........................................................24
§3.2.4 居民消费对 GDP 贡献率下降...............................................................25
§3.3 中国当前投资现状.........................................................................................25
§3.3.1 我国投资需求现状................................................................................25
§3.3.2 投资总量呈下降趋势............................................................................27
§3.3.3 投资结构失调矛盾严重,优化投资结构任重道远............................27
§3.3.4 非公有制投资主体的作用更为显著....................................................28
§3.3.5 四万亿投资效果初显............................................................................29
§3.4 中国消费、投资与国民经济增长的实证分析.............................................30
§3.4.1 数据分析................................................................................................30
§3.4.2 计量分析................................................................................................34
§3.4.3 中国投资率和消费率历史比较分析....................................................36
§3.4.4 投资率和消费率国际比较分析............................................................38
§3.5 小结.................................................................................................................39
第四章 基于马克思再生产理论对中国消费与投资关系的分析................................41
§4.1 以马克思再生产理论为指导对我国宏观经济发展的探索.........................41
§4.1.1 商品消费是社会再生产顺利进行的前提............................................41
§4.1.2 货币资本积累是社会再生产的起点....................................................42
§4.1.3 经济资源按市场配置是社会再生产的内在要求................................44
§4.1.4 社会主义再生产应建立在合理的结构比例关系基础上....................44
§4.1.5 正确处理外延扩大再生产和内涵扩大再生产的关系........................45
§4.2 基于马克思再生产理论对中国投资与消费问题的基本观点.....................45
§4.2.1 消费是促进经济增长的持久和根本动力............................................46
§4.2.2 投资是拉动经济增长的直接动力........................................................48
§4.2.3 投资和消费应按内在比例协调进行....................................................49
§4.3 基于马克思再生产理论对中国消费现状的分析.........................................50
§4.3.1 劳动者报酬普遍过低............................................................................51
§4.3.2 社会保障制度不健全,居民被迫储蓄意愿较高................................51
§4.3.3 中国资本市场不完善,居民投资渠道单一........................................52
§4.3.4 国民收入分配不合理,贫富差距加大................................................53
§4.4 基于马克思再生产理论对中国投资现状的分析.........................................55
§4.4.1 第I部类扩大再生产程度较高是根本原因.........................................55
§4.4.2 第二产业比重过大是主要原因............................................................55
§4.4.3 多年积极财政政策和宽松货币政策引致投资过快............................56
§4.5 基于马克思再生产理论对中国当前投资与消费关系的分析.....................56
§4.5.1 国民收入分配向政府和企业倾斜........................................................57
§4.5.2 粗放型的经济发展模式........................................................................57
§4.5.3 出口导向型的经济政策........................................................................58
§4.6 本章小结.........................................................................................................58
第五章 结论及政策建议................................................................................................59
§5.1 结论.................................................................................................................59
§5.2 拉动中国消费需求的对策.............................................................................59
§5.2.1 增加农民和城镇低收入者的收入........................................................59
§5.2.2 完善社会保障制度................................................................................61
§5.2.3 国民收入分配向居民倾斜....................................................................61
§5.3 促进中国投资合理化的对策.........................................................................63
§5.3.1 积极培育非政府投资主体....................................................................63
§5.3.2 投资政策必须与产业政策对接............................................................64
§5.3.3 以投资渠道创新推进投资需求的扩大................................................65
§5.4 解决中国目前投资与消费失衡的对策.........................................................65
§5.4.1 深化投资体系的改革,强化投资的宏观调控体系建设步伐............65
§5.4.2 积极发展新的消费领域,完善消费政策,实现消费的可持续发展 66
§5.4.3 建立农民收入增长机制,大力开拓农村消费品市场........................67
§5.4.4 建立消费信用,营造良好的消费平台................................................67
§5.5 研究展望.........................................................................................................67
参考文献.........................................................................................................................69
摘要:
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摘要近两年来,在全球金融危机的影响下,中国经济遭受重创,出口缩减,企业投融资萎缩,就业难度加大,国内消费能力急剧下降。在这种经济背景下,中国政府提出“宽松的货币政策和积极的财政政策”,并推出促进经济增长的十项措施,以期扩大国内需求,拉动经济增长。但是,中国国内投资与消费比例关系的失衡仍十分明显,这导致了一系列经济问题,严重阻碍了经济复苏。本文运用马克思经典理论来分析中国在社会主义现代化建设中存在的投资与消费比例关系问题。首先,对马克思再生产理论进行了文献综述,介绍了再生产的含义、简单再生产和扩大再生产及其实现条件。重点把马克思再生产理论与中国市场经济建设中存在的问题相结合,作为对中国市场经济建...
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作者:陈辉
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时间:2024-11-19