铁路信号设备防雷集中监测系统的研究与设计

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3.0 高德中 2024-11-19 5 4 3.35MB 90 页 15积分
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摘要
在自然灾害中，雷电引起的灾害是世界上十大自然灾害之一[1]。随着经济社会
和科学技术的发展，雷电灾害造成的经济损失和危害程度越来越严重，全世界每
年因雷击造成的经济损失达 10 亿美元以上。
铁路运输作为我国主要的长途交通工具，保证其安全运营的意义尤为重要，
随着铁路防雷工作的开展，对防雷模块的安全性能需要实时检测。防雷模块一旦
失效，防雷工程如同虚设，后果不堪设想。对于铁路系统来说，信号设备规模较
大，防雷模块数目众多，当有防雷器损坏时，只能单个指示自身好坏，且需要工
作人员在现场仔细检查才能发现，排查故障困难繁琐，更重要的是反映不及时。
因此只靠防雷器本身的自我监测不能满足目前铁路安全运行的需要。为解决上述
问题，设计出一种车站信号设备防雷集中监测系统，集中式监控系统设计具有实
时触发、实时采集、集中监测、远程管理等核心功能，改变了原先防雷器工作状
态不能快速反馈的现状，具备了一定的先进性。
随着 Internet 技术的普及，信息共享的程度越来越高，将避雷监测的相关信息
传递送到 Internet 上，实现远程监测具有重要意义，本文基于 TCP/IP 协议的嵌入
式防雷远程监测系统，使用 STM32 单片机作为核心控制器，设计了网络接口等硬
件模块及软件。
由于需要进行 TCP/IP 通信，在 STM32 内嵌入 RT_Thread 操作系统，该操作
系统为多任务抢占式实时操作系统，并且内嵌 LwIP TCP/IP 协议栈，集成一个供调
试用的 Shell。
本文研究的主要内容有：简要说明雷电的形成及监测意义；其次简要介绍信
号设备防雷集中监测系统的组成、TCP/IP 协议和 RT-Thread 操作系统；再次介绍
了系统的硬件和软件设计，并对设计的硬件电路进行测试和验证。结果表明，系
统实现了实时触发、实时采集、集中监测、远程管理的核心功能，同时也对测试
中遇到的问题进行了分析和处理。
关键字：防雷 集中监测 实时采集 远程监测
Abstract
Lightning is nature’s most spectacular and one of the important atmospheric
phenomena, the disasters caused by lightning in natural are one of the world’s top ten
natural disasters. With the development of economic, social, scientific and technology,
economic losses caused by lightning becomes more and more serious, Every year the
economic losses caused by lightning is more than 10 billion U.S. dollars.
Railway transportation is one of our country’s major long distance transport,
ensure the safe operation of railway has important significance, along with the work
development of railway lightning protection, the safety performance of lightning
protection module requires real-time detection. Lightning protection module once spent,
lightning protection engineering would become a dummy, consequence is unimaginable.
For railway system, the scale of signal equipment is large, when a lighting arrester is
damaged, it can only indicate itself good or bad, it also need work staff on the spot to
check whether the arrester is work or not, Troubleshooting is difficult and trival,
response is not timely, therefore only by arrester-self monitoring already cannot satisfy
the needs of present. To solve this problem, we designed a new signal equipment
lighting protection centralized monitoring system, It‘s core functions contains real-time
trigger, real-time data acquisition, real-time monitoring, remote management etc. The
new system has a certain advanced that it can real-time feedback the working condition
of the arrester.
With the popularity of Internet technology, the extent of information sharing is
getting higher and higher, transmitted the test information to the Internet, It is of great
significant to realize the remote monitoring, for this purpose, this paper studies based on
TCP/IP protocol embedded lightning protection remote monitoring system, use STM32
microcontroller as the core controller, design the network interface and other hardware
module and software, design the remote monitoring application.
Due to the need for TCP/IP communication, the STM32 embedded RT-Thread
operating system, the operating system is preemptive multitasking real-time operating
system, and embedded LwIP/IP protocol stack, integrated a Shell for debugging.
The main contents of this paper are: briefly explain the formation of lightning and
the significance of lightning monitoring, Secondly, this paper briefly introduces the
composition of signal equipment of ligntning protection and monitoring system, briefly
introduced the TCP/IP protocol and RT-Thread operating system; Again introduced the
hardware and software design of the system, also test and verify the design of hardware
circuit. Results show that the system realized the core functions for real-time trigger,
real-time data acquisition, real-time monitoring, remote management, meanwhile
analysed and processed the problems that encountered in the test process.
Key word：Lightning protection, Centralized monitoring, Real time
acquisition, Remote Monitoring
目 录
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
第一章 绪论...........................................................................................................1
§1.1 学术背景及选题意义............................................................................1
§1.2 课题来源及研究内容............................................................................2
§1.3 章节安排................................................................................................2
第二章 雷电的形成及监测意义 .......................................................................... 3
§2.1 雷电的形成概述....................................................................................3
§2.2 雷击的三种形式和监测意义..................................................................3
第三章 信号设备防雷集中监测系统.....................................................................5
§3.1 系统概述................................................................................................5
§3.2 系统功能及硬件平台构建....................................................................5
§3.3 系统主要设备实现..................................................................................7
§3.3.1 系统采集器.................................................................................7
§3.3.2 FXFL-1 型防雷分线柜 .............................................................. 8
第四章 TCP/IP 协议与 RT-Thread 操作系统简介.............................................. 10
§4.1 基于 TCP/IP 协议的远程通信..............................................................10
§4.1.1 通信协议的选择.........................................................................10
§4.1.2 TCP/IP 协议简介 .........................................................................10
§4.1.3 TCP/IP 协议的封装 .....................................................................12
§4.1.4 TCP/IP 协议的优点 .....................................................................13
§4.2 RT-Thread 实时操作系统简介 .............................................................. 13
§4.3 RT-Thread 协议栈 LwIP .........................................................................15
§4.4 RT-Thread/STM32 移植说明.............................................................. 15
第五章 系统硬件电路设计...................................................................................17
§5.1 采集器硬件电路总体架构..................................................................17
§5.2 采集器各主要硬件电路设计................................................................18
§5.2.1 采集器 MCU 最小系统 ........................................................... 18
§5.2.2 避雷器信号输入接口与光耦隔离电路...................................20
§5.2.3 并转串电路...............................................................................23
§5.2.4 以太网接口电路.........................................................................24
§5.2.5 RS232 接口电路 ..........................................................................26
§5.2.6 地阻检测接口电路.....................................................................27
§5.2.7 电源电路.....................................................................................30
第六章 系统软件设计...........................................................................................33
§6.1 系统软件需求分析..............................................................................33
§6.1.1 软件功能概述.............................................................................33
§6.1.2 软件具体需求.............................................................................34
§6.2 监测系统软件整体架构......................................................................38
§6.2.1 基本设计概念和处理流程.........................................................38
§6.2.2 系统架构.....................................................................................39
§6.3 各指令流程..........................................................................................41
§6.3.1 系统初始化.................................................................................41
§6.4 通信链路的维持....................................................................................43
§6.4.1 采集器与中心服务器通信链路的维持.....................................43
§6.4.2 客户端与中心服务器通信链路的维持.....................................46
§6.4.3 故障信息的处理流程及编码.....................................................47
§6.4.4 时间同步指令流程及编码.........................................................50
§6.4.5 重启指令流程及编码.................................................................52
§6.4.6 关机指令流程及编码.................................................................54
§6.4.7 复位指令流程及编码.................................................................56
§6.4.8 报警消音指令流程及编码.........................................................57
§6.4.9 开启地阻采集功能流程及编码.................................................59
§6.4.10 关闭地阻采集功能指令流程及编码.......................................61
§6.4.11 设置地阻采集频率指令及编码...............................................63
§6.4.12 查询地阻采集频率指令...........................................................65
第七章 系统调试及功能验证...............................................................................68
§7.1 调试流程..............................................................................................68
§7.1.1 触摸显示屏开发环境的搭建......................................................68
§7.1.2 下位机软件开发环境及系统软件说明......................................69
§7.1.3 服务器和客户端软件调试..........................................................71
§7.2 硬件电路调试......................................................................................79
第八章 总结与展望.............................................................................................81
参考文献.................................................................................................................83
在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果.....................................85
一 论文.......................................................................................................85
二 承担项目...................................................................................................85
致谢.........................................................................................................................86
摘要：

摘要在自然灾害中，雷电引起的灾害是世界上十大自然灾害之一[1]。随着经济社会和科学技术的发展，雷电灾害造成的经济损失和危害程度越来越严重，全世界每年因雷击造成的经济损失达10亿美元以上。铁路运输作为我国主要的长途交通工具，保证其安全运营的意义尤为重要，随着铁路防雷工作的开展，对防雷模块的安全性能需要实时检测。防雷模块一旦失效，防雷工程如同虚设，后果不堪设想。对于铁路系统来说，信号设备规模较大，防雷模块数目众多，当有防雷器损坏时，只能单个指示自身好坏，且需要工作人员在现场仔细检查才能发现，排查故障困难繁琐，更重要的是反映不及时。因此只靠防雷器本身的自我监测不能满足目前铁路安全运行的需要。为解决上...

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作者：高德中 分类：高等教育资料 价格：15积分 属性：90 页 大小：3.35MB 格式：PDF 时间：2024-11-19

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