制冷产品能效试验台的研制及实验研究

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摘 要
环境试验装置是试验室内用人工方法模拟一种或者多种被试产品工作环境的
装置，而不需将产品送入通常难以达到的工作环境，用于产品性能检测或产品研
发，当今社会已经广泛应用。
本文依据国家标准 GB/T8059.2-95、GB/T7725-2004 和安徽省质检中心协议要
求，设计并建造了一套全自动电冰箱热工性能测试的实验系统和用于空调热工性
能测试的试验室。主要工作包括：环境试验室空气处理系统设计、自动控制系统
设计、电气系统设计、软件编写及成功地进行了调试冰箱空调热工性能测试项目
的实验。
在室外侧部分，使用两套制冷机组对空气进行冷却处理，再通过离心式风机
实现空气气流循环。在空气循环过程中以电加热器和电加湿器作为调节手段，使
实验室环境工况参数达到要求的指标。并在制冷系统中采用了热气旁通的方法，
减小了环境室加热量和加湿量，提高了整个系统的节能性。
在室内侧部分，通过对送风方式的分析并结合实际情况，采用离心式风机实
现空气气流循环。环境室采用全孔板送风，并设置送风、回风静压室以保证送风
均匀。在试验区域实现了风向平行于空调开放平面的要求。
在测控方面，进行了空调系统数据采样软件设计和基于 PID 技术的空气处理
过程控制软件的设计，提高了空气处理系统工况响应速度，使最极限工况达到稳
定的时间由国家标准规定的 1.5 小时缩短到 1小时，在国内处于先进水平。在冰
箱测试试验时其温度测量及其控制精度分别达到±0.1℃和±0.2℃，相对湿度测
量及其控制精度分别为±3%和±4%。
测试软件基于 Delphi 平台，并运用了面向对象编程方法，同时采用多线程、
ADO 等多项技术。测试软件和控制系统的良好结合实现了过程监控与数据采集处理
的自动化。数据采集系统控制软件，可实现对所有数据采样点的实时监控和打印，
输出试验数据报表。
最后通过现场调试与试验项目的运行得到的数据符合技术标准，该套系统已
经在用户质检中心顺利投入使用，并产生了良好的经济效益和社会效益。
关键词： 电冰箱 空调 能效测试 空气处理 自动控制
ABSTRACT
Indoor environmental testing equipment to test the simulation with artificial
products were tested in one or more devices work environment, without the product into
the work environment is usually difficult to achieve, for product performance testing or
product development, today's society has been widely application.
This article based on national standards GB/T8059.2-95, GB/T7725-2004 and
Anhui agreement calls for quality inspection center, designed and built a fully automatic
refrigerator Experimental thermal performance test systems and thermal performance
for air conditioning testing laboratory. Main activities include: environmental test room
air handling system design, automatic control system, electrical system design, software
development and debug successfully carried out the refrigerator thermal performance
test air-conditioning project experiment.
In the outer part of the room, use two sets of air cooled chiller then processed
through the centrifugal fan to achieve the air flow circulation. In the process of air
circulation to electric heaters and electric humidifier as a means of regulation, the
laboratory environment working parameters to meet the requirements of the target. And
used in the refrigeration system, hot gas bypass method, reduces the heat and humidity
environment increases the amount of room to improve the energy efficiency of the
system.
In the interior side of the part of the way through the air and with the actual
situation, the use of centrifugal fans to achieve air flow circulation. Room air
environment, all-orifice, and set the air supply, return air static pressure chamber to
ensure uniform air supply. Wind direction in the test area to achieve a plane parallel to
the open air requirements.
Measurement and control, the air conditioning system carried out the data
acquisition software design and technology-based PID control of the air-handling
software design process to improve the condition of air handling system response speed,
so that the most extreme conditions to stabilize the time by the national standard of 1.5
hours to 1 hour, at the advanced level in the country. Test test in the refrigerator the
temperature measurement and control accuracy ± 0.3 ℃, respectively, and ± 0.4 ℃,
relative humidity measurement and control accuracy of ± 3%, respectively, and ± 4%.
Test software platform based on Delphi, and the use of object-oriented
programming, and multi-threading, ADO and many other technologies. Test software
and control systems to achieve a good combination of process control and data
acquisition and processing automation. Data acquisition system control software, can
realize all the data sampling points on real-time monitoring and printing, the output test
data reports. Finally, on-site commissioning and a full set of pilot projects were also
quite successful, of the system has been successfully put into use Anhui quality
inspection center, and generate a positive economic and social benefits.
Key Word: refrigerator, air-conditioning, Energy efficiency testing, air treatment,
automatic control
目录
摘 要
ABSTRACT
第一章 绪论.....................................................................................................................1
§1.1 制冷产品性能测试技术的意义与现状 ·········································· 1
§1.1.1 制冷产品能效测试技术的意义 ··········································· 1
§1.1.2 制冷产品性能测试试验台发展现状 ·····································2
§1.2 课题来源及主要工作 ······························································· 3
§1.2.1 课题来源 ······································································ 3
§1.2.2 技术要求 ······································································ 3
§1.2.3 研究的主要内容及实施方案 ··············································4
第二章 环境室空气处理系统设计................................................................................6
§2.1 试验室库房设计 ····································································6
§2.1.1 库房的几何参数确定 ························································6
§2.1.2 库房的热流量计算 ·························································· 7
§2.2 气流组织设计 ········································································ 8
§2.2.1 气流组织方式 ································································ 8
§2.2.2 孔板送风计算 ································································ 9
§2.3 循环风机的选型 ···································································· 11
§2.3.1 风压计算 ····································································· 11
§2.3.2 风机选型 ·····································································12
§2.4 制冷系统的设计 ····································································13
§2.4.1 制冷机组的整体设计 ····················································· 13
§2.4.2 制冷机组设计 ······························································ 14
§2.4.3 冷凝器设计 ·································································· 15
§2.5 热湿设备设计 ·······································································17
§2.5.1 电加热器设计 ······························································ 17
§2.5.2 电加湿器的设计 ··························································· 18
§2.6 热力膨胀阀选型 ····································································19
§2.7 空气取样及温湿度测量装置的设计 ··········································· 20
§2.7.1 装置的总体设计 ···························································· 20
§2.7.2 取样风机的选择 ···························································· 21
§2.8 空气处理系统节能设计 ··························································· 21
第三章 自动控制系统与测试系统.............................................................................23
§3.1 自动控制系统的设计 ······························································ 23
§3.1.1 控制方法 ········································································23
§3.1.2 PID 控制 ····································································24
§3.1.3 执行机构与调节机构 ····················································27
§3.1.4 SISO 闭环控制回路 ······················································ 27
§3.2 测控系统硬件组成 ··································································· 29
§ 3.2.1 概 述 ········································································29
§ 3.2.2 测控系统的硬件组成 ····················································29
§ 3.3 软件介绍 ··········································································· 30
§3.3.1 主界面介绍 ·································································· 31
§3.3.2 软件方案 ·····································································32
§3.4 数据库技术实现 ·································································· 33
第四章 室外侧环境室的试验研究...............................................................................34
§4.1 实验方案 ············································································· 34
§4.2 测点布置 ············································································· 35
§4.3 实验结果及分析 ····································································37
§4.3.1 制冷工况 ····································································· 37
§4.3.2 制热工况 ····································································· 43
§4.4 小结 ··················································································· 49
第五章 室外侧环境室的 Ansys 模拟分析...................................................................50
§5.1 模拟的说明 ·········································································· 50
§5.2 室外侧环境室的物理模型简介 ··················································51
§5.3 Fluent 模拟用数学模型的建立 ··············································· 52
§5.3.1 网格划分 ····································································· 52
§5.3.2 边界条件类型的指定 ······················································ 55
§5.4 Fluent 模拟三维速度场 ························································ 55
§5.4.1 Fluent 参数设置 ···························································55
§5.4.2 Fluent 计算过程 ·························································· 57
§5.4.3 模拟结果及分析 ···························································· 57
§5.5 Fluent 模拟三维温度场 ························································ 61
§5.5.1 Fluent 参数设置 ···························································61
§5.5.2 Fluent 计算过程 ·························································· 62
§5.5.3 模拟结果及分析 ···························································· 62
§5.6 数值模拟结论 ·······································································66
第六章 结论与展望.......................................................................................................67
§6.1 研究内容与总结 ····································································67
§6.2 展望 ··················································································· 68
主要符号表.....................................................................................................................69
参考文献.........................................................................................................................71
在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果.............................................75
致谢.................................................................................................................................76
第一章 绪论
1
第一章 绪论
环境试验装置是在试验室内用人工方法模拟一种或多种被测产品工作环境的
装置，可用来检验实际工况条件下产品工作性能，并可用于新产品研发，而不需
将产品送入通常难以达到的工作环境。这样不仅加快了产品研制和生产速度，而
且可以节约拿到实际环境中的试验费用。因此，环境试验装置已成为现代高技术
产品研制开发以及产品定期检测和验收必不可少的设备[1]。
§1.1 制冷产品性能测试技术的意义与现状
§1.1.1 制冷产品能效测试技术的意义
随着我国国民经济持续、快速的发展和人民生活水平不断的稳步提高，生活
条件的不断改善，制冷空调技术在各个行业、各个部门中得到了广泛的应用，为
人们追求高生活质量的需求创造了条件，也使空调器、电冰箱等家用电器在城镇
步入更新换代高峰期和持续增长期。
在制冷空调行业中，包括电冰箱、空调器在内的制冷空调装置不仅与人们的
日常生活密切相关，而且也是影响国家在能源利用方面政策的主要因素之一。据
数据统计，制冷空调系统是暖通行业能量最多的一种耗能系统，我国的制冷空调
产业发展迅速，制冷空调产品产量均为世界第一。目前我国每年用于制冷、空调
的耗电量都在以两位数字的速度递增着，甚至有些地区在空调、制冷使用的高峰
期间，其耗电量达到了该地区用电总量的四分之一，甚至三分之一[2]。因此，高能
效的制冷空调装置不仅是舒适性的需求，也是工农业生产的需要，对于制冷空调
装置的生产厂家则更是市场竞争获胜的重要砝码。如何利用空调制冷技术，设计
和生产出性能优良的产品置，是近年来制冷空调技术研究领域的一个热点，日益
受到质量产品权威部门的重视。本课题的主要任务是根据国标 GB/T8059.2-95、
GB/T7725-2004 温度和湿度的精度、范围的技术要求，设计并建造了两个分别用于
模拟室内和室外温度、湿度的环境实验室，课题工作包括环境实验室制冷系统、
空气处理系统、温湿度测控系统以及电气控制系统的设计和整个实验室系统的施
工、调试与实验[3]。
由于国家政策的出台，制冷空调产品出厂前必须经过一系列严格检查，只有
各项指标都符合国家标准才能投放市场。为此，国家认证机构必须建立一套严格、
精确、高效的检测体系，对制冷空调产品的各种参数进行检测，验证其是否满足
国家标准，因此必须对制冷空调产品的实际运行环境、工况进行模拟，提供一个
制冷产品能效试验台的研制及实验研究
2
稳定，精确的测试环境，从而能对制冷空调产品的各项工作性能进行监控[4]。
在此实验室的空调系统设计中，使用两套制冷机组对空气进行冷却处理，再
通过离心式风机实现空气气流循环。另外在制冷系统中采用了热气旁通的方法
，
减小了环境室加热量和加湿量，提高了整个了环境测试室的节能性。在温湿度的
测控系统中，采用热电偶和温湿度传感器对温度、湿度进行测量，采用四套 PID
控制器分别对室内侧温度、湿度，室外侧温度、湿度进行控制使环境工况参数达
到设计要求的指标。在电气控制系统中，采用 PLC 进行控制，并使用了触摸屏人
机界面，使系统的运行安全可靠，操作直观简单，有利于对系统的扩展及维护。
采用 Delphi[5]编制的测试软件实现了过程监控与数据采集处理的自动化。通过实
验数据分析：本实验系统不但能获得较宽的温湿度范围，而且能获得较高的控制
精度（温度在±0.2℃以内，湿度在±2%以内），达到的本课题的技术要求，具有
较强的实用价值，能进行多种环境实验。
§1.1.2 制冷产品性能测试试验台发展现状
改革开放 30 年来，随着近代科学技术的发展我国环境实验设备也有了很大的
发展，如大型发动机高空模拟实验设备、飞机空调系统实验设备、飞机附件及电
源系统实验设备、导弹实验设备、汽车及坦克实验设备、火炮实验设备以及火车
车厢实验设备等，均已有建成。辽宁实验设备厂已成为具有设计及制造各种型式
环境实验设备能力的专业化制造厂，该厂从美国 Tenney 高技术环境试验设备公司
引进生产制造技术，其产品已供应国内外市场。上海冷气机厂也曾为国防建设需
要与航空工业设计研究院共同设计、制造过一些大中型环境实验设备。上海制冷
设备厂及重庆实验设备厂亦生产各种性能的小型环境设备[6]。另外，国内还有众多
的研究机构从事此方面的研究，主要为广州电器科学研究所、合肥通用机械研究
所、中国家用电器研究所等。在国外，因涉及知识产权及其它众多的原因，公开
发表的相关资料较少，跟据对国外各主要制冷空调行业生产厂家和研究机构的了
解，环境实验设备的主要研究机构为日本的大西、佐竹，其具有较先进的测试技
术。
空调与冰箱性能测试试验台研制作为交叉学科，专业性强，在此方面进行研
究的机构不多，国外的相关资料很少，研制的产品性能在测量精度、工况调节速
率方面差异也较大。根据国内从事空调冰箱性能热工测试的机构的了解，主要研
究机构为美国 ITS 和日本的大西、佐竹，虽其具有较先进的测试技术，但设计费
用较高，维护不能及时等诸多问题。国内从事此方面的研究机构和企业设计的空
摘要：

摘要环境试验装置是试验室内用人工方法模拟一种或者多种被试产品工作环境的装置，而不需将产品送入通常难以达到的工作环境，用于产品性能检测或产品研发，当今社会已经广泛应用。本文依据国家标准GB/T8059.2-95、GB/T7725-2004和安徽省质检中心协议要求，设计并建造了一套全自动电冰箱热工性能测试的实验系统和用于空调热工性能测试的试验室。主要工作包括：环境试验室空气处理系统设计、自动控制系统设计、电气系统设计、软件编写及成功地进行了调试冰箱空调热工性能测试项目的实验。在室外侧部分，使用两套制冷机组对空气进行冷却处理，再通过离心式风机实现空气气流循环。在空气循环过程中以电加热器和电加湿器作为...

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作者：陈辉 分类：高等教育资料 价格：15积分 属性：80 页 大小：4.23MB 格式：PDF 时间：2024-11-19

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