IT外包中知识转移效果影响因素——基于杭州地区的实证研究

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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

摘要

如今，全球信息化已成为人类社会发展的大趋势。随着信息化程度的提高，

信息技术（IT）外包作为一种资源战略在企业信息化建设中所处的地位日益加强，

其有利于降低成本、提高核心竞争力。21 世纪是知识经济时代，知识正在逐步取

代传统的生产要素——资本、劳动和土地成为企业最主要的资源，获取和利用更

多的知识是赢得和保持竞争优势的手段之一。

作为信息化时代和知识驱动型社会的今天，IT 外包和知识转移都是当今研究

的热点问题，而 IT 外包产业是知识密集型产业，在 IT 外包过程中成功的知识转移

是影响外包成功的关键要素之一。如何进行有效的知识转移成了 IT 外包的一个研

究重点。基于此，本文以 IT 外包企业为背景，试图探明 IT 外包过程中影响接包方

和发包方知识转移的诸多因素，为国内 IT 外包企业成功转移发包方的知识提供理

论支撑。本文基于 IT 外包理论、知识转移理论，对于 IT 外包中知识转移效果的问

题进行了深入研究，本文的主要内容包括：

（1）对大量的文献进行了研究，回顾了 IT 外包、知识转移和 IT 外包中知识

转移，总结归纳了 IT 外包的概念、动因、理论基础；知识转移的概念、类型、模

型、效果和知识转移效果影响因素；IT 外包中知识转移的内容和国内外研究，对

以往的研究进行总结并指出了其中的不足之处。

（2）在文献回顾的基础上，本文结合 IT 外包中知识转移的特点并根据

Cummings 和Teng 模型以及知识转移效果影响因素的理论研究，确定了 IT 外包中

知识转移的影响因素，分别是：知识特性、IT 发包方特性、IT 接包方特性和情境

因素。其中知识特性包括内隐性、模糊性、复杂性；IT 发包方特性包括知识转移

能力、知识可信性、知识转移意愿；IT 接包方特性包括学习意愿、吸收动机、吸

收能力；情境因素包括组织支持和环境支持。另外把人员规模和资产规模作为控

制变量加入研究。最终得出本文的研究模型和研究假设。

（3）根据研究模型和假设设计调查问卷。在杭州范围内用问卷调研的方法进

行调查，研究最终得到 168 份有效样本，运用 SPSS17.0 统计软件对问卷调查结果

进行分析，主要包括描述性统计分析、信效度检验、因子分析、相关分析、单因

素方差分析和多元回归分析。

根据问卷调查和数据分析的结果，本文得出了一些重要的研究结论并对研究

模型和假设进行了修正。得出的研究结论与原先设想的假设基本上一致，但是

也有一些小变动。

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

（1）其中与假设相一致的有：知识特性的模糊性和内隐性与知识转移效果显

著负相关；IT 发包方特性的知识转移意愿、知识转移能力、知识可信性与知识

转移效果显著正相关；IT 接包方特性的学习意愿、吸收动机、吸收能力与知

识转移效果显著正相关；情境因素的环境支持、组织支持与知识转移效果显

著正相关；控制变量中的资产规模对知识转移效果有显著影响。

（2）与假设发生变动的有：知识特性的复杂性与知识转移效果相关性不

显著；控制变量中的人员规模对知识转移效果影响不显著。

此外，本文根据研究的结论，结合 IT 外包企业的实际，从 IT 接包方特性、情

境因素中的组织支持以及环境支持方面提出了有助于提高 IT 外包企业知识转移效

果的建议。最后总结了研究的不足并进行了展望。

关键词：IT 外包；知识转移；影响因素；实证研究

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

III

ABSTRACT

Nowadays ,the global information has become the major trend of the development

of human society. With the development of information level, IT outsourcing as the

resource strategy boosts increasingly at the aspects of enterprise information

construction. IT outsourcing will reduce the cost and improve the core competence.

Twenty-first Century is the era of knowledge economy. Knowledge has been gradually

replacing traditional factors of production such as capital, labor and land to be the chief

resource. Obtaining and using knowledge is one of the ways to gain and keep

competitive advantages.

In information age and knowledge-driven society today , IT outsourcing and

knowledge transfer are the hot topics. IT outsourcing industry is knowledge-intensive

industry, successful knowledge transfer in the IT outsourcing process is one of the key

factors affecting outsourcing success. How to conduct effective knowledge transfer has

become a research focus in IT outsourcing. Consequently, the article is based on the IT

outsourcing industry. We try to identify the factors that influence the knowledge transfer

between the contractors and supply the theoretic support for the domestic IT

outsourcing companies to acquire knowledge in the developed countries. Based on

theory of IT outsourcing and knowledge method, this thesis makes deep research on

knowledge transfer efficiency in IT outsourcing. The contents of this article mainly

include:

Firstly, This article starts with review of abundant literature. It reviews IT

outsourcing, knowledge transfer and knowledge transfer in IT outsourcing, summarizes

the concepts, motivation and significance of research of IT outsourcing. It also

summarizes the concepts, type, models,performance indexes and the factors affecting

the effectiveness of knowledge transfer performance of knowledge transfer, the content

and the domestic and foreign research of knowledge transfer in IT outsourcing, then

points out the deficiency of previous researches according to the status quo of previous

researches.

Secondly, On the basis of theoretical analysis, the article combines with the

characteristics of knowledge transfer in IT outsourcing and according to

Cummings&Teng model and the factors affecting the effectiveness of knowledge

transfer performance theory research to determine the influence factors of knowledge

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

transfer in IT outsourcing. They are knowledge characteristics, IT contractee

characteristics, IT contractor characteristics and situational factors. The knowledge

characteristics include tacit, ambiguity and complexity; IT contractee characteristics

include transfer capability, reliability and transfer intent; IT contractor characteristics

include learning intent, absorptive motivation and absorptive capability; Situational

factors include organizational support and environmental support. Then it joins the scale

of staff and assets as control variables to study. Finally we draw the research model and

hypotheses.

Thirdly, According to the research model and hypotheses ,the article designs

questionnaire and uses questionnaire method to investigate within Hangzhou range .

Based on 168 valid samples, the paper takes an analysis on data by using the statistical

analysis software SPSS17.0 which in details included descriptive statistics reliability

and validity analysis, factor analysis, correlation and regression analysis.

According to the result of questionnaire survey and data analysis, several important

research results are drawn and the model and hypotheses are adjusted. The research

results and previously assumed hypotheses is basically the same, but there are also some

small change.

Firstly ,the same is:both ambiguity and tacit are significantly negative correlation

with transfer performance; transfer capability, reliability and transfer intent are

significantly positive correlation with transfer performance; learning intent, absorptive

motivation and absorptive capability are significantly positive correlation with transfer

performance; both organizational support and environmental support are significantly

positive correlation with transfer performance.

Secondly ,the change is:there is no significantly correlation between complexity

and transfer performance; there is no notable affecting relation between scale of staff

and transfer performance.

In addition, according to the conclusion of the research, combined with IT

outsourcing business practice, the article provides advices for improving knowledge

transfer performance . Finally the paper summarizes the deficiency of the research and

the prospect.

Keywords:IT Outsourcing; Knowledge Transfer; Influence Factors; Empirical Study

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

第1章绪论 .....................................................................................................................1

1.1 研究背景 .............................................................................................................1

1.2 研究意义 .............................................................................................................2

1.3 研究方法与创新点 .............................................................................................3

1.4 研究框架 .............................................................................................................4

第2章文献回顾 .............................................................................................................6

2.1 IT外包综述 ..........................................................................................................6

2.2 知识转移综述 .....................................................................................................9

2.3 IT外包中知识转移综述 ....................................................................................16

第3章模型构建与研究设计 .......................................................................................20

3.1 IT外包中知识转移效果影响因素及假设 ........................................................20

3.2 综合假设模型 ...................................................................................................25

3.3 问卷设计与数据收集 .......................................................................................28

第4章数据分析 .........................................................................................................31

4.1 基本统计分析 ...................................................................................................31

4.2 问卷的信度和效度检验 ...................................................................................32

4.3 因子分析 ...........................................................................................................34

4.4 相关分析 ...........................................................................................................43

4.5 单因素方差分析 ...............................................................................................46

4.6 回归分析 ...........................................................................................................47

第5章实证分析结果讨论 ...........................................................................................54

5.1 分析结果讨论 ...................................................................................................54

5.2 研究结论及启示 ...............................................................................................56

第6章结论与展望 .......................................................................................................61

6.1 研究总结 ...........................................................................................................61

6.2 研究局限和展望 ...............................................................................................61

参考文献 .........................................................................................................................63

附录一 .............................................................................................................................70

附录二.............................................................................................................................................. 73

致谢...............................................................................................................................74

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

图目录

图1.1 技术路线图 ....................................................................................................5

图2.1 知识转移过程模型 ......................................................................................12

图2.2 知识转移五步骤模型 ..................................................................................13

图2.3 知识转移四要素模型 ..................................................................................13

图2.4 知识转移三要素模型 ..................................................................................14

图2.5 知识创造螺旋模型 ....................................................................................14

图3.1 知识转移四要素关系模型 ..........................................................................19

图3.2 研究模型 ......................................................................................................27

图4.1 知识特性表现特征值的碎石图 ................................................................36

图4.2 IT 发包方特性表现特征值的碎石图 ..........................................................38

图4.3 IT 接包方特性表现特征值的碎石图 ..........................................................40

图4.4 情境因素表现特征值的碎石图 ..................................................................41

图5.1 修正后的研究模型 ......................................................................................58

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

VII

表目录

表2.1 信息技术外包概念 ........................................................................................7

表2.2 知识转移概念 ............................................................................................10

表3.1 综合假设 ....................................................................................................26

表3.2 国内外学者研究样本量统计汇总 ............................................................30

表4.1 样本频数分析 ............................................................................................32

表4.2 知识转移影响因素指标信度表 ................................................................33

表4.3 知识特性 KMO and Bartlett 检验 ...............................................................34

表4.4 知识特性旋转后的因子载荷矩阵 ..............................................................35

表4.5 IT 发包方特性 KMO and Bartlett 检验 .......................................................36

表4.6 IT 发包方特性旋转后的因子载荷矩阵 ......................................................37

表4.7 IT 接包方特性 KMO and Bartlett 检验 .......................................................38

表4.8 IT 接包方特性旋转后的因子载荷矩阵 ......................................................39

表4.9 情境因素 KMO and Bartlett 检验 ...............................................................40

表4.10 情境因素旋转后的因子载荷矩阵 ............................................................41

表4.11 知识转移效果 KMO and Bartlett 检验 .....................................................42

表4.12 知识转移效果的因子载荷矩阵 ................................................................42

表4.13 知识转移效果的旋转后的因子载荷矩阵 ................................................43

表4.14 影响因子与转移效果的相关分析 ............................................................44

表4.15 影响因子与知识的获得相关分析 ............................................................44

表4.16 影响因子与知识的应用相关分析 ............................................................45

表4.17 影响因子与知识能力的提升相关分析 ....................................................45

表4.18 控制变量与转移效果及其因子相关分析 ................................................45

表4.19 资产规模对转移效果的单因素方差分析 ................................................46

表4.20 人员规模对转移效果的单因素方差分析 ..............................................46

表4.21 方差齐性检验 ............................................................................................47

表4.22 逐步回归的总体效果参数表 ....................................................................47

表4.23 回归方差分析表 ........................................................................................48

表4.24 回归系数与显著性系数检验表 ................................................................48

表4.25 逐步回归的总体效果参数表 ....................................................................49

表4.26 回归方差分析表 ........................................................................................49

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

VIII

表4.27 回归系数与显著性系数检验表 ................................................................50

表4.28 逐步回归的总体效果参数表 ..................................................................51

表4.29 回归方差分析表 ........................................................................................51

表4.30 回归系数与显著性系数检验表 ................................................................51

表4.31 逐步回归的总体效果参数表 ....................................................................52

表4.32 回归方差分析表 ........................................................................................52

表4.33 回归系数与显著性系数检验表 ................................................................52

表5.1 实证结果汇总表 ..........................................................................................57

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摘要：

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文I摘要如今，全球信息化已成为人类社会发展的大趋势。随着信息化程度的提高，信息技术（IT）外包作为一种资源战略在企业信息化建设中所处的地位日益加强，其有利于降低成本、提高核心竞争力。21世纪是知识经济时代，知识正在逐步取代传统的生产要素——资本、劳动和土地成为企业最主要的资源，获取和利用更多的知识是赢得和保持竞争优势的手段之一。作为信息化时代和知识驱动型社会的今天，IT外包和知识转移都是当今研究的热点问题，而IT外包产业是知识密集型产业，在IT外包过程中成功的知识转移是影响外包成功的关键要素之一。如何进行有效的知识转移成了IT外包的一个研究重点。基于此，本文以IT外包企业...

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