我国公共租赁房准入与退出机制研究

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3.0 周伟光 2024-09-30 4 4 731.39KB 55 页 15积分

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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

摘要

公共租赁房是近年我国新增的一项住房福利政策，自2009年政府工作报告中

首次提出建设公共租赁房任务后，各地政府将公共租赁房的建设纳入了政府议

程，开始如火如荼地建设公共租赁房。但中央和地方在公共租赁房制度建设上较

为滞后，其中最为突出的问题是公共租赁房的准入与退出机制。准入与退出机制

是保障整个公共租赁房运行与管理的核心，关系着保障对象的定位是否准确、退

出方式是否科学，是公平、公正地发挥住房保障功能的重要环节。缺乏科学的公

共租赁房的准入与退出机制，直接影响公共租赁房制度的有效实施，降低这一制

度实施的效果。

本文运用文献分析法、比较研究法、定性与定量结合的方法，对我国中央与

地方的现行公共租赁房制度及现行政策内容进行了阐述和比较分析，重点探索我

国公共租赁房在准入与退出机制上存在的问题与原因，提出完善我国公共租赁房

准入与退出机制的思路和相关建议。除了绪论外，全文分为四部分：

第一部分：公共租赁房准入与退出的制度概述。目前，公共租赁房是一种新

的保障性住房，是实现中低收入家庭住房权、解决房地产市场失灵的一种有效方

法。这一部分主要介绍我国公共租赁房准入与退出制度的建立和发展过程，从宏

观角度评价全国及各地实施情况。同时介绍英、美、港的公共住房准入与退出制

度及给我国带来的启示，并阐述了科学的公共租赁房准入与退出机制。

第二部分：我国公共租赁房准入与退出机制存在的问题分析。其中，准入机

制上存在以下问题：保障对象的实质范围小，引发供需矛盾；准入保障线缺乏合

理性，收入线制定不合理，欠缺其他标准；缺乏个人信用制度、个人收入申报机

制，存在信息不对称的现象，导致申报信息审核难度大；审核失灵，滋生寻租与

腐败。在退出机制上存在的问题有：法律空白、位阶低、违规成本低，民众对制

度的认同度低；退出机制不健全，表现在惩罚成本低、引导性措施欠缺、激励性

措施较少；对申请人家庭收入及人均住房面积、住房使用情况的动态监管较为薄

弱，管理难度大。

第三部分：我国公共租赁房准入与退出机制缺陷的成因分析。主要从认识、

制度和执行三方面分析其原因：在认识上，第一，政府价值取向不正确，缺乏对

政府职责的清晰定位，致使公共租赁房的出发点偏离了公共服务的宗旨；第二，

政府行政观念过强，缺乏依法治国的理念。在制度上，制度缺乏有效性、法律位

阶低，致使相关政策执行不力。在执行上，执行层面缺乏统一规划，各部门缺乏

合作；实施机制缺乏效力，政府执行不力；政府监管不严，致使审核缺乏效力。

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

第四部分：提出完善我国公共租赁房准入与退出机制的思路。借鉴其他国家

和地区的先进经验，结合我国存在的问题，从保障对象及标准确定、准入程序、

退出机制三方面提出对策建议：有条件的地区应逐步扩大保障范围，取消户籍限

制；通过目标定位法的财富定位，结合剩余收入法验证目前主要典型城市的收入

线的合理性并提出意见；利用需求定位，建立以计分制为基础的弹性轮候制度；

建立专门负责审核与动态监管的管理机构，加强部门间的相互合作，实现信息共

享；完善法律法规，提高法律位阶；构建个人信用制度，以规范收入标准线与动

态监管保障对象的经济状况；在退出机制方面，试图探索一种三位一体的退出方

式以解决退出难的问题。

关键词：公共租赁房；准入与退出机制；问题；成因；思路

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

ABSTRACT

Public rental housing is a new housing welfare policy in our country in recent

years，since 2009 the government work report first put forward the building of public

rental housing task, local governments began to carry on the building of public rental

housing. But the central and local governments in public rental housing construction

relatively lags behind, the most prominent problem is public rental housing entry and

exit mechanism. Its entry and exit mechanism is to safeguard the core of the public

rental housing operation and management, it is about to properly determine the

security object scope and the scientific management of exit, and is the safeguard of

playing the important function of housing fairly.

In this paper, using the literature analysis, comparative research, qualitative and

quantitative method, the paper describes and analyzes comparatively China’s central

and local current system and the existing policy. Through the comparison of the

advanced experience of other countries and places, the paper points out the problems

and causes of public rental housing entry and exit mechanism, at last, it summarize

the relevant recommendations. Except of the first chapter, the paper is divided into

four parts:

The first part: public rental housing entry and exit system overview. At present,

the public rental housing is a kind of new indemnificatory housing, is the realization

of the right to housing low-income families, solving the real estate market failure of a

kind of effective method. This part mainly introduces our country public rental

housing entry and exit system establishment and the development process, from the

macroscopic perspective evaluation national and regional implementation. At the

same time it introduces Britain, the United States, Hong Kong's public housing entry

and exit system and enlightenment, and explains the scientific public rental housing

entry and exit mechanism.

The second part: analysis of the existing problems of China's public rental

housing entry and exit mechanism. Among them, the access mechanism exist on the

following questions: Ensure the essence of the object scope is small, it causes the

contradiction between supply and demand; Access security lacks of rationality,

income line is unreasonable and lacks of other standards; The lack of personal credit

system, personal income reporting mechanism, the existence of information

asymmetry phenomenon, it leads to declare information audit; Audit failure, breeding

III

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

rent-seeking and corruption. In the exit mechanism existing problems are as following:

Legal vacancy rates, illegal cost and the populace to the system identities is low; Exit

mechanism is not sound, as shown in the punishment cost is low, the lack of the

leading and incentive measures; To the applicant family income and the per capita

housing area, housing of the use of dynamic supervision is relatively weak,

management is difficult.

The third part: China's public rental housing entry and exit mechanism defect

genetic analysis. This paper analyzes its reason from the understanding, system and to

implement three aspects: in recognition, first, the government value orientation is not

correct, lack of government duty clear positioning, cause public rental housing from

the starting point of the public service objective. Second, the government

administrative ideas is strong, lack of the concept of governing the country according

to law. In the system, the system lacks of effectiveness, legal status is low, the related

policy execution dreadful. In the execution, operational level lacks of uniform

planning, various departments lack of cooperation; The implementing mechanism

lack of effectiveness, the government execution dreadful; Government regulation is

lax, the audit lack of effectiveness.

The fourth part: perfecting our country's public rental housing entry and exit

mechanism suggestion. Reference to other countries and regions on the advanced

experience, combined with our country's existing problems, from the safeguard object

and standard determination, access procedures, exit mechanism is put forward three

countermeasures and suggestions: conditional area should be gradually expand the

scope of protection and cancel the census register restrictions; Through the target

localization method wealth positioning, combined with residual income method, it

validates mainly typical cities income the rationality of the line and puts forward the

opinion; Use demand positioning, it establishes a scoring system based on elastic

queuing system; Establish special responsible for checking and dynamic supervision

management mechanism, strengthening the cooperation between departments, to

realize the information sharing, The perfect legal laws and regulations, improve the

legal status; Constructing personal credit system, in order to regulate the income

standard line and dynamic supervision security object economic condition; In the exit

mechanism, trying to explore a kind of trinity exit way out to solve difficult problems.

Key words: public rental housing; entry and exit mechanism; problem; reason;

ideas

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

第一章绪论．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1

第一节选题背景与意义 ...........................................1

第二节理论依据 .................................................2

第三节国内外文献综述 ...........................................4

第四节研究思路与方法 ...........................................7

第五节创新与不足 ...............................................8

第二章公共租赁房准入与退出的制度概述．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．9

第一节我国公共租赁房准入与退出的制度概述 .......................9

第二节其他国家的公共租赁房准入与退出的制度概述 ................11

第三节科学的公共租赁房准入与退出机制 ..........................17

第三章我国公共租赁房准入与退出机制的问题分析．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．19

第一节我国公共租赁房准入机制的问题分析 ........................19

第二节我国公共租赁房退出机制的问题分析 ........................24

第四章我国公共租赁房准入与退出机制缺陷的成因分析．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．27

第一节认识方面的原因 ..........................................27

第二节制度方面的原因 ..........................................28

第三节执行方面的原因 ..........................................29

第五章完善我国公共租赁房准入与退出机制的思路．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．31

第一节合理确定保障对象及标准 ..................................31

第二节完善准入程序的思路 ......................................36

第三节完善退出机制的思路 ......................................38

结束语．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．46

参考文献．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．47

附录．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．50

致谢．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．51

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摘要：

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文摘要公共租赁房是近年我国新增的一项住房福利政策，自2009年政府工作报告中首次提出建设公共租赁房任务后，各地政府将公共租赁房的建设纳入了政府议程，开始如火如荼地建设公共租赁房。但中央和地方在公共租赁房制度建设上较为滞后，其中最为突出的问题是公共租赁房的准入与退出机制。准入与退出机制是保障整个公共租赁房运行与管理的核心，关系着保障对象的定位是否准确、退出方式是否科学，是公平、公正地发挥住房保障功能的重要环节。缺乏科学的公共租赁房的准入与退出机制，直接影响公共租赁房制度的有效实施，降低这一制度实施的效果。本文运用文献分析法、比较研究法、定性与定量结合的方法，对我国中央与地方...

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