基于道路交通状态判别的区域交通协调控制优化方法研究

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摘要

城市交通拥挤是制约整个城市全面、快速发展的瓶颈。在整个城市区域道路

网络中，如何有效地协调好道路交通同城市经济、社会发展之间的关系，是城市

道路交通优化必须高度重视的问题。本论文基于日益拥挤的城市道路交通，研究

整个城市区域拥挤路段和交叉口的协调优化方法，以交通信号控制为主进行相关

路段和交叉口的优化改善，缓解城市瓶颈路段和交叉口的拥挤，提高整个城市道

路交通的通行效率。

首先：从区域交通协调控制方法的基本理论出发，对城市交通信号协调控制

的基本演变过程进行了简单介绍，由点到线到面到典型的区域交通协调控制系统；

对信号控制基本参数(信号周期、信号相位、绿信比和相位差)进行描述，作为文

章深入研究的理论基础；这些参数是交通信号协调控制的关键参数，是本论文研

究的重点。

其次：对城市区域道路交通网络中的关键路段和关键交叉口进行判别方法研

究。路段和交叉口是城市道路网络的基本组成单元，而关键路段和关键交叉口是

制约整个城市道路交通运行状况的瓶颈，是交通畅通与否的关键。如何快速、有

效的对路网的交通拥挤状态做出判断，找出拥挤发生源，是缓解城市交通压力、

改善人们出行条件的迫切需要。

（1）关键路段的判别。关键路段通常是交通拥挤的常发性路段，是交叉口

交通拥挤的延伸，本文通过计算路段通行能力和饱和度，对道路服务等级进行划

分，进而判断路段拥挤状态，并判别出区域路网中的关键路段。

（2）关键交叉口的判别。关键交叉口是城市道路网络拥挤的源发点，是路

段交通拥挤的根源。因此，关键交叉口的判别最是关键也最为复杂。通常情况下

会根据交叉口饱和度、交叉口处车辆冲突点数、车辆延误、车辆排队长度、燃油

消耗等指标进行判断。本论文通过对不同饱和度条件下交叉口处的车辆延误进行

计算，找出关键交叉口。并对无信号控制的交叉口进行延误计算，完善区域中关

键交叉口的判别方法。

再次：在关键路段和关键交叉口判别的基础上，对区域路网进行交通组织上、

交通管理上、交通设计上和交通控制上的优化改善。本文主要介绍交通控制的协

调优化方法。从信号控制的关键参数着手，进行信号周期优化，即确定的最佳信

号周期时长；信号相位优化，即设定最佳的信号相位组合并进行优化；绿信比的

优化，分别优化设置关键相位绿信比和非关键相位的绿信比；信号相位差的优化，

通过结合法确定最佳的信号相位差。通过对信号控制关键参数进行优化，提高了

关键交叉口处的通行效率，协调了相邻或者相关交叉口之间的信号配时，保证了

车辆在通行时间和空间上的集约化。

最后：以上海市五角场核心区域的道路网为例，进行区域交通优化仿真分析，

判别整个区域的关键路段和关键交叉口，并进行交通信号控制上的优化改善。通

过Aimsun 交通仿真软件进行验证，通过对比优化前后路段饱和度和车辆延误，

来验证本区域协调控制方法的有效性和合理性。

关键词：区域交通关键路段关键交叉口交通控制仿真分析

ABSTRACT

Urban traffic congestion is the bottleneck of restricting the whole city’s

comprehensive and rapid development. How to effectively coordinate the relationship

between urban road traffic and urban economic and social development, must attach

great importance to the issue. This paper research the critical link and key intersection

coordination optimization method, given the traffic signal control priority to related

section of intersection and the optimized improvement, to relieving urban bottleneck

section of intersection and the crowded degree, improving the whole city area road

capacity.

Firstly, briefly introduced the basic evolution process of the urban traffic signal

coordination control from point to line to area to typical regional transportation

coordination control system. Simply described signal control basic parameters (signal

cycle, Signal phase, green ratio and phase difference), as this paper in-depth study’s

theoretical basis. These parameters are the key parameters of traffic signal coordination

control, are the key content of this paper research.

Secondly, Research the distinguishing method of the city area road traffic

network’s critical link and key intersection. Links and intersections are the basic

component of urban road network unit. Critical link and key intersection are bottlenecks

restricting the operation conditions of the whole city road traffic. How fast and effective

make judgement of the road traffic congestion state, and find out the source of

congestion ,are the key of alleviating the urban traffic pressure, improving people travel

conditions.

(1) Discriminant critical link. Critical link is usually the traffic jam which occurs

frequently and is the extension of intersection traffic congestion. In this paper, through

calculation sections saturation, judge the intersection congestion state, divide the road

service level, and then get the key sections of the road network.

(2) Discriminant key intersection. Key intersection is the source of urban road

network congestion and the root of road traffic congestion. Therefore, the judgement of

key intersection is most important and complex. Normally, based on intersection

saturation, vehicle conflict points, vehicle delay, vehicle queue length and fuel

consumption as indexes judge the key intersection. This paper according to the delay in

different saturation conditions find out the key intersection. And give vehicle delay in

no signal control conditions to perfect regional key intersection discriminant method.

Thirdly, Optimize to improve the regional network from traffic organization, traffic

management, traffic design, and traffic control. From the key parameters of traffic

signal control optimize the signal period, that is to determine the optimal signal cycle

duration. Optimization signal phase, that is to set the best signal phase combination and

optimize it. Optimize green ratio, that is to set critical phase green ratio and non-critical

phase green ratio respectively. Optimize signal phase difference, that is to determine the

best signal phase difference through combined techniques. Through optimization the

signal control key parameters, improve the key intersections’ traffic efficiency.

Finally, analyse optimization simulation of wujiao square’s road traffic network,

judge critical link and key junction of the whole area of the network. And optimize

critical link and key junction’s traffic condition by canalization design and signal

control. Through Aimsun traffic simulation software to verify the summary.

Comparative optimization results of sections saturation and vehicle delay before and

after. Verify the regional coordination control method is effective and reasonable.

Key Words：area traffic, critical link, key intersection, traffic control,

simulation analysis

摘要

Abstract

第一章绪论 .............................................................................................................. 1

1.1 研究背景 ............................................................................................................ 1

1.2 区域交通控制概述 ............................................................................................ 1

1.2.1 区域交通控制发展历史 .......................................................................... 2

1.2.2 区域控制系统分类 .................................................................................. 3

1.2.3 典型的区域控制系统 .............................................................................. 4

1.3 研究内容 ............................................................................................................ 7

1.4 研究技术路线 .................................................................................................... 8

第二章区域交通流理论及主要控制参数 ................................................................ 9

2.1 道路交通流运行特征分析 ................................................................................ 9

2.2 主要交通控制参数设置 .................................................................................. 10

2.2.1 信号周期 ................................................................................................ 10

2.2.2 信号相位 ................................................................................................. 11

2.2.3 绿信比 .................................................................................................... 12

2.2.4 相位差 .................................................................................................... 12

2.3 本章小结 .......................................................................................................................... 13

第三章关键路段和关键交叉口判别方法研究 ...................................................... 14

3.1 关键路段判别方法研究 .................................................................................. 14

3.1.1 区域交通路网路段描述 ........................................................................ 14

3.1.2 关键路段确定方法研究 ........................................................................ 14

3.2 关键交叉口判别方法研究 .............................................................................. 18

3.2.1 信号控制交叉口车流运行特征分析 .................................................... 18

3.2.2 车辆延误影响因素分析 ........................................................................ 19

3.2.3 信号交叉口状态划分 ............................................................................ 20

3.2.4 交叉口不同饱和状态下的延误模型 .................................................... 21

3.3 无信号控制交叉口延误模型 .......................................................................... 26

3.3.1 冲突点定义 ............................................................................................ 26

3.3.2 无信号控制交叉口车流运行特性分析 ................................................ 27

3.4 本章小结 .......................................................................................................................... 31

第四章区域协调控制优化方法研究 ...................................................................... 32

4.1 周期时长和相位优化 ...................................................................................... 32

4.1.1 最佳信号周期计算 ................................................................................ 33

4.1.2 交叉口关键相位判定 ............................................................................ 34

4.2 绿信比优化方法研究 ...................................................................................... 35

4.2.1 关键相位绿信比的优化 ........................................................................ 36

4.2.2 非关键相位绿信比的优化 .................................................................... 37

4.3 相位差优化 ...................................................................................................... 38

4.4 本章小结 .......................................................................................................... 40

第五章案例分析 ...................................................................................................... 41

5.1 AIMSUN 仿真软件简介 ................................................................................... 41

5.2 五角场核心区域关键路段和关键交叉口判别 .............................................. 42

5.3 关键路段、关键交叉口优化 .......................................................................... 44

5.3.1 信号控制优化 ........................................................................................ 44

5.3.2 五角场关键路段优化控制措施 ............................................................ 45

5.3.3 优化前后五角场核心区域对比分析 .................................................... 47

5.4 本章小结 .......................................................................................................................... 49

第六章结论 .............................................................................................................. 50

参考文献 .................................................................................................................... 52

在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 ........................................ 55

致谢 ........................................................................................................................ 56

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摘要：

摘要城市交通拥挤是制约整个城市全面、快速发展的瓶颈。在整个城市区域道路网络中，如何有效地协调好道路交通同城市经济、社会发展之间的关系，是城市道路交通优化必须高度重视的问题。本论文基于日益拥挤的城市道路交通，研究整个城市区域拥挤路段和交叉口的协调优化方法，以交通信号控制为主进行相关路段和交叉口的优化改善，缓解城市瓶颈路段和交叉口的拥挤，提高整个城市道路交通的通行效率。首先：从区域交通协调控制方法的基本理论出发，对城市交通信号协调控制的基本演变过程进行了简单介绍，由点到线到面到典型的区域交通协调控制系统；对信号控制基本参数(信号周期、信号相位、绿信比和相位差)进行描述，作为文章深入研究的理论基础；...

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