基于污泥沸石的合成材料配比及其处理水景污染实验研究

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基于污泥沸石的合成材料配比及其处

理水景污染实验研究

摘要

为了美化城市环境，以及人们对居住小区等公共场所的人文景观和自然环

境越来越高的要求，现代社会中，采用借景和造景将形式各异的水景引进生活

小区等公共场所的案例越来越多。创造亲水的自然环境的同时，水景污染问题也

越来越严重，成为水污染亟待解决的重点问题之一。同时，城市污水处理中产生

的大量污泥，若处理不当，排放后将会对环境造成严重的二次污染。为此，科学

合理、安全可靠经济地处理处置污泥已作为一个急需解决的环境问题，越来越受

到公众关注。本文在实际调研了上海市 13 区 48 座污水处理厂以及 7 家水环境重

点监管企业污泥处理处置的情况下，以微波处理后城市污水厂污泥、天然沸石和

水泥为原材料，不进行任何改性，研制了一种既具有脱氮除磷功能，又具备抗

压强度，并可在水体中保持一定形态的低能耗生态非金属矿物合成材料。并针对

景观水体的污染特点，将此材料用于景观水体脱氮除磷的研究。

基于目前水景污染情况，以及污泥处理处置技术现状，本文对以污泥作为

添加原料的合成材料进行了静态以及动态研究，情况如下：

在确定原材料为污泥、水泥以及天然沸石的基础上，通过不同质量配比的原

材料成型实验，确定水泥:天然沸石:污泥质量比为 1:2:0.05，水灰比为 0.4，

以及发泡剂与水的体积比例为 1:60 的配比为最佳合成材料配比。在此配比下，

合成材料挤压成立方体或球形后经养护，可具有良好的耐水性，同时测得其 7d

的抗压强度为 5.8MPa，符合目前河道驳岸等示范工程的需要。经电镜扫描后发

现，合成材料有较为明显的孔道，材料的比表面积有所增加。

通过对合成材料吸附性能静态实验研究发现，合成材料对氨氮、总磷的最大

吸附量分别可达到 229.8mg/kg 以及 321.4mg/kg，且符合准二级动力学模型。在

合成材料处理水景污染静态实验研究中发现，对于合成材料的吸附而言，氨氮

和总磷之间存在争相吸附现象，也就是在氨氮和总磷这两种吸附质共存时，吸

附剂即该合成材料对其中的一种吸附质的吸附能力通常要比只含这种吸附质的

吸附能力低。

在静态实验的基础上，本文还进行了合成材料处理水景污染动态实验研究，

旨在结合合成材料本身的吸附性能和材料表面以及内部生成的生物膜的联合作

用下，对景观水中污染物的去除。在实验的开始阶段，CODCr、氨氮和 TP 的去除

主要是依靠合成材料的吸附过滤作用。生物膜稳定形成后各指标波动较小，在模

拟实际工况条件下，污泥池 CODCr 的去除率维持在 42%左右，氨氮的去除率维持

在 19.8%左右，TP 的去除率维持在 40%左右，总氮的去除率维持在 12.8%左右，

TOC 的去除率维持在 23%左右；整体CODCr 的去除率维持在 65%左右，氨氮的去除

率维持在 34%左右，TP 的去除率维持在 53%左右，总氮的去除率维持在 28%左右，

TOC 的去除率维持在 39%左右。

利用微波处理后的污泥制备合成材料，同时在生物作用下，合成材料具有

了一定的再生效果，为实现材料的持续使用提供了技术支撑。合成材料的研制，

既解决了城市污水处理厂污泥的处置问题，又对景观水体中的污染物去除起到

了很好的效果，不失为一种污泥资源化的新方法。

关键词：污泥天然沸石水泥合成材料水景脱氮除磷

ABSTRACT

In order to beautify the urban environment and meet the high demand for

residential area in public places such as the cultural landscape and the natural

environment, in contemporary society, there are increasing cases on kinds of

waterscapes were introduced into living areas or other public places. Water pollution,

one of the key problems need solved right away, is becoming serious followed the

creation of hydrophilic natural environment. At the same time, urban sewage

treatments produce a large number of sludge. If handling improperly, the emissions

will cause serious secondary pollution. Therefore, how to disposal sludge in a

scientific, reasonable, safe, reliable and economic way, which is concerned by the

public, is an urgent issue which need to resolve. Based on the actual investigation of

48 sewage treatments and 7 enterprises in 13 districts in Shanghai, a kind of

ecological non-metallic mineral synthetic material was made without any

modification combined by microwave processing sludge, natural zeolite and cement.

This material is low energy consumption. It has compressive strength so that it can

keep a certain form in water. This new material can also remove nitrogen and

phosphorus simultaneously. Based on the characteristic of landscape water,

experiments about nitrogen and phosphorus removal were studied.

In this paper, static trail and dynamic test were designed and tested using the new

material containing sludge as the raw material. The processes are as followed:

Compared different material’s proportion, the best proportion is confirmed. The

mass ratio of cement, natural zeolite and sludge is 1:2:0.05, water cement ratio is 0.4,

the volume ratio of foaming agent and water is 1:60. With the best proportion, this

material was made into cubes or spheres. After curing process, they have good

waterproof and 5.8MPa compression strength in 7 days. These meet the requirement

of demonstration projects of channel revetment. With the help of Scanning Electron

Microscope, it shows that this synthetic material contains obvious channel and the

specific surface area of the material has increased.

The adsorption capacity of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus were studied

in the static trial, which could reach up to 229.8mg/kg and 321.4mg/kg respectively.

They conformed to the secondary dynamics model. From the static test, it also showed

that when ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus coexist, the adsorption capacity of

the material decreased.

The paper also discussed the dynamic test of the synthetic materials dealing with

water pollution, which using the adsorptive property of the material and the biological

film inside. At the beginning, the removal of CODcr, ammonia nitrogen and total

phosphorus depended on the adsorption and filtration of the material. Small

fluctuation was showed by the indexes since biofilm had formed stability. In sludge-

tank CODcr removal rate was about 42%, ammonia nitrogen removal rate was about

19.8%, total phosphorus removal was about 40%, total nitrogen removal rate was

about 12.8%, TOC removal rate was about 23%. In all units, CODcr removal rate was

about 65%, ammonia nitrogen removal rate was about 34%, total phosphorus removal

was about 53%, total nitrogen removal rate was about 28%, TOC removal rate was

about 39%.

Synthetic material performs a certain regeneration effect when contains

microwave processing sludge and biological action. Studying synthetic material can

not only deal with the issue of sludge from municipal sewage plant, but also remove

contaminate in water. It is a new way of sludge resources.

Key Word: sludge, natural zeolite, cement, synthetic material,

landscape water, nitrogen and phosphorus removal

目  录
中文摘要
ABSTRACT  
第一章  绪   论...............................................................................................................1
1 城市水景污染现状..........................................................................................1
1.1 城市水景污染........................................................................................1
1.2 城市水景污染形式................................................................................2
1.3 国内外水景处理技术现状....................................................................3
2 沸石处理水景污染研究进展...........................................................................6
2.1 沸石的组成及分类.................................................................................6
2.2 沸石的特性............................................................................................6
2.3 沸石处理水景污染技术及现状............................................................7
3 城市污水厂污泥处置技术与现状..................................................................7
3.1 污水厂污泥特性.....................................................................................7
3.2 城市污泥处置技术现状与进展.............................................................9
4 课题的来源....................................................................................................13
5 研究意义与内容............................................................................................13
第二章 上海市污水厂及重点监管企业污泥现状分析.............................................16
1 调研方法及流程............................................................................................16
2 污水厂污泥现状分析及存在的问题.............................................................17
3 上海市级废水重点监管企业污泥现状分析及存在的问题.........................20
4 上海市污泥处理处置的建议.........................................................................22
第三章 实验材料与方法.............................................................................................25
1 原材料.............................................................................................................25
2 材料成型方法.................................................................................................28
3 合成材料的研制.............................................................................................29
3.1 粘合剂的选取.......................................................................................29
3.2 水灰比及发泡剂比例的确定...............................................................30
3.3 合成材料的成型...................................................................................30
4 合成材料机械强度试验.................................................................................31
4.1 试验仪器...............................................................................................31
4.2 试验方法...............................................................................................32
4.3 参考标准.............................................................................................32
4.4 抗压强度试验结果及其分析...............................................................33
5 合成材料配比确定.........................................................................................34
6 合成材料表面形貌表征.................................................................................36
7 水质指标检测方法及主要实验仪器.............................................................37
7.1 水质指标检测方法...............................................................................37
7.2 实验仪器...............................................................................................38
第四章 合成材料吸附性能静态实验研究.................................................................41
1 合成材料脱氮静态实验研究.........................................................................41
1.1 合成材料对氨氮吸附实验...................................................................41

1.2 吸附动力学拟合...................................................................................42
2 合成材料除磷静态实验研究.........................................................................44
2.1 合成材料对总磷吸附实验...................................................................44
2.2 吸附动力学拟合...................................................................................45
第五章 合成材料处理水景污染静态实验研究.........................................................46
1 不同氨氮浓度下合成材料处理水景污染静态实验研究.............................46
1.1 合成材料对水景污染吸附实验...........................................................46
1.2 吸附动力学拟合...................................................................................47
2 不同总磷浓度下合成材料处理水景污染静态实验研究.............................47
2.1 合成材料对水景污染吸附实验...........................................................47
2.2 吸附动力学拟合...................................................................................48
第六章 合成材料处理水景污染动态实验研究.........................................................50
1 生物滤池工艺设计.........................................................................................50
1.1 设计基本原则.......................................................................................50
1.2 工艺设计...............................................................................................50
1.3 生物滤池设计计算...............................................................................51
2 合成材料处理水景污染动态实验研究.........................................................53
2.1 实验装置运行状况...............................................................................53
2.2 实验结果与分析...................................................................................53
第七章 结论和建议.....................................................................................................64
1 结论.................................................................................................................64
2 建议.................................................................................................................65
参考文献......................................................................................................................66

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摘要：

基于污泥沸石的合成材料配比及其处理水景污染实验研究摘要为了美化城市环境，以及人们对居住小区等公共场所的人文景观和自然环境越来越高的要求，现代社会中，采用借景和造景将形式各异的水景引进生活小区等公共场所的案例越来越多。创造亲水的自然环境的同时，水景污染问题也越来越严重，成为水污染亟待解决的重点问题之一。同时，城市污水处理中产生的大量污泥，若处理不当，排放后将会对环境造成严重的二次污染。为此，科学合理、安全可靠经济地处理处置污泥已作为一个急需解决的环境问题，越来越受到公众关注。本文在实际调研了上海市13区48座污水处理厂以及7家水环境重点监管企业污泥处理处置的情况下，以微波处理后城市污水厂污泥、天...

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