我国商业银行的产业竞争力研究

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摘要

金融是现代经济的核心，商业银行是金融调控的市场基础。商业银行在我国

的金融体系中始终居于主导地位，其效率的改进和竞争力的提高对发挥我国金融

资源的利用水平、促进经济增长具有十分重要的作用。

从纵向方面比较，我国商业银行业发展很快，实力大增。但从横向比较，和

实力强大的外资银行相比，我国商业银行业的竞争力水平非常低下。中国加入 WTO

使得国内金融业与国际金融业更加紧密地联系在一起。随着我国国内金融市场全

面放开，国外商业银行更是以其健全的管理体制、科学的决策机制、灵活的经营

机制等优势直接挑战国内商业银行。

对此，不仅需要我国商业银行在具体实践中摸索如何提升产业竞争力，而且

更需要有好的理论予以指导。

对当前我国商业银行的竞争力状况进行客观、全面的分析和评价，并对商业

银行的竞争力各具体影响方面进行国际比较，寻找出我国商业银行经营过程中存

在的问题，从而制定行之有效的产业竞争力提升对策，无疑对我国商业银行产业

竞争力的提升具有很重要的理论价值和实践意义。

本文在产业竞争力基础理论的基础上，根据商业银行适用产业竞争力分析的

特殊性，创新性的构造了商业银行竞争力的分析框架，并通过国际横向比较，寻

找我国商业银行存在的、有待进一步优化改善的问题，然后按照波特的钻石模型

的影响要素分别从微观和宏观层面提出提升我国商业银行产业竞争力的对策，以

期为我国商业银行提高效率，增强竞争力，实现快速、健康地发展提供一定的理

论依据。

通过本文的研究，提出了提升我国商业银行产业竞争力的相应对策，为企业

调整发展战略、制定合理有效的竞争策略提供依据，为政府制定正确的产业政策

提供支持，以期我国商业银行能够提高效率，增强产业竞争力，从而实现整个商

业银行业快速、健康地发展。

关键词：商业银行竞争力产业竞争力

ABSTRACT

Finance is the core of modern economy and commercial bank is the market basis

of financial control and regulation. The commercial bank always plays the leading role

in the financial system of China, whose enhancement of efficiency and improvement of

competitive capacity is very important to the utilization by China of financial resources

and the promotion of economic growth.

At the vertical level, the commercial bank of China develops very fast and owns

the increasingly growing strength; however, at the horizontal level, the competitive

standard of commercial bank of China is pretty low in contrast to the powerful foreign

invested banks. China’s entry into WTO contributes to the closer relationship between

the domestic finance industry and international finance industry. With the full opening

of the domestic financial market, the foreign commercial bank directly challenges the

domestic commercial bank by means of its merits such as well-developed management

system, scientific decision-making mechanism and flexible operation mechanism.

As a result, it is required that not only the commercial bank of China seek how to

improve the industry competitive capacity in practice but also the better theory instruct

the commercial bank.

The objective and comprehensive analysis and appraisal of the operation

performance and competitive capacity of the commercial bank of China, the

international comparison of the specific aspects of competitive capacity of commercial

bank, the identification of the existing problems of the commercial bank of China and

the formulation of effective industry competitive capacity approaches unquestionably

have the very important theoretical value and practical significance in the improvement

of competitive capacity of the commercial banks of China.

On the theoretic basis of industry competitive capacity, and through international

latitudinal comparison, this paper constructs an innovative analysis framework of the

commercial banks competitive capacity.

The paper adopts the summary-partial-summary framework according to the

special nature of applicable industry competitive capacity of commercial bank, tries to

seek and study the problems of commercial bank of China that need to be further

improved and optimized at two levels of industry organization and the international

vertical comparison and then brings forward the approaches of how to improve industry

competitive capacity of China at the micro and macro levels on the basis of influential

factors of Porter. M. E’s diamond model. This paper intent to provide a theoretical basis

of improving efficiency, enhancing competitive capacity, and achieving rapid and

healthy development of China's commercial banks.

Though research, the paper brings forward the corresponding approach of how to

improve the industry competitive capacity of commercial bank of China, provides the

basis for the adjustment by the enterprise of development strategy and the formulation

of reasonable and efficient competition strategy and offers the support of the

formulation by the government of correct industry policy in order for the commercial

bank of China to improve efficiency and enhance industry competitive capacity and thus

achieve the high-speed and healthy development.

Key Words: Commercial Bank, Competitive Capacity, Industry

Competitive Capacity

中文摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章绪论 ...................................................................................................................1

1.1 选题依据和意义 .................................................................................................1

1.1.1 选题依据 ...................................................................................................1

1.1.2 选题意义 ...................................................................................................2

1.2 相关研究综述 .....................................................................................................3

1.3 研究思路和方法 .................................................................................................5

1.3.1 研究思路 ...................................................................................................5

1.3.2 研究方法 ...................................................................................................6

1.4 本文结构和创新点 .............................................................................................7

1.4.1 本文结构 ...................................................................................................7

1.4.2 本文创新点 ...............................................................................................8

第二章商业银行产业竞争力概述 .................................................................................9

2.1 产业竞争力 .........................................................................................................9

2.1.1 产业竞争力内涵 .......................................................................................9

2.1.2 产业竞争力理论基础 .............................................................................10

2.1.3 产业竞争力分析范式 .............................................................................10

2.2 商业银行产业竞争力 .......................................................................................12

2.2.1 商业银行的一般性和特殊性 .................................................................12

2.2.2 商业银行产业竞争力概念和研究对象 .................................................14

2.3 商业银行产业竞争力的影响因素 ...................................................................15

第三章我国商业银行竞争力的分析评价 ...................................................................17

3.1 我国商业银行财务分析 ...................................................................................17

3.1.1 资本状况 .................................................................................................17

3.1.2 资产质量 .................................................................................................18

3.1.3 盈利能力 .................................................................................................19

3.1.4 成本控制水平 .........................................................................................21

3.1.5 流动性分析 .............................................................................................21

3.2 我国商业银行市场行为分析 ...........................................................................23

3.2.1 四大国有商业银行行为特征 .................................................................24

3.2.2 股份制商业银行行为特征 .....................................................................24

3.3 商业银行竞争力的综合评价 ...........................................................................25

3.3.1 指标选取的原则 .....................................................................................25

3.3.2 指标体系的构建及分析 .........................................................................26

3.3.3 因素分析及评估 .....................................................................................29

第四章商业银行产业竞争力的国际比较 ...................................................................34

4.1 公司治理比较分析 ...........................................................................................34

4.1.1 公司治理差异 .........................................................................................34

4.1.2 我国商业银行公司治理的缺陷 .............................................................36

4.2 风险管理比较分析 ...........................................................................................37

4.2.1 国际风险管理原则 .................................................................................37

4.2.2 我国商业银行风险管理现状 .................................................................38

4.3 业务能力比较分析 ...........................................................................................39

4.3.1 外资银行业务能力分析 .........................................................................39

4.3.2 对我国商业银行业务影响 .....................................................................40

4.4 金融创新比较分析 ...........................................................................................41

4.4.1 产品创新比较 .........................................................................................41

4.4.2 制度和服务创新比较 .............................................................................42

4.5 人力资源管理比较分析 ...................................................................................42

4.5.1 外资银行人才竞争优势 .........................................................................42

4.5.2 我国商业银行人力资源形势 .................................................................43

4.6 西方商业银行的最新发展动向 .......................................................................44

4.6.1 投资银行业务与零售业务成为重要利润来源 .....................................45

4.6.2 企业文化和品牌日益成为重要的战略依赖 .........................................46

4.6.3 国际化程度与海外资产数额不断提高 .................................................46

第五章提升我国商业银行产业竞争力对策 ...............................................................48

5.1 微观对策 ...........................................................................................................48

5.1.1 完善公司治理 .........................................................................................49

5.1.2 加强金融创新 .........................................................................................50

5.1.3 品牌形象建设 .........................................................................................51

5.1.4 提高风险管理能力 .................................................................................52

5.1.5 与外资银行合作 .....................................................................................54

5.1.6 创新人力资源管理 .................................................................................55

5.2 宏观对策 ...........................................................................................................57

5.2.1 推进混业经营 .........................................................................................57

5.2.2 营造公平的竞争环境 .............................................................................58

5.2.3 加强风险监管 .........................................................................................59

5.2.4 推进商业银行国际化 .............................................................................60

第六章结论与局限性 ...................................................................................................62

参考文献 .........................................................................................................................63

在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 .............................................66

致谢 .............................................................................................................................67

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摘要：

摘要金融是现代经济的核心，商业银行是金融调控的市场基础。商业银行在我国的金融体系中始终居于主导地位，其效率的改进和竞争力的提高对发挥我国金融资源的利用水平、促进经济增长具有十分重要的作用。从纵向方面比较，我国商业银行业发展很快，实力大增。但从横向比较，和实力强大的外资银行相比，我国商业银行业的竞争力水平非常低下。中国加入WTO使得国内金融业与国际金融业更加紧密地联系在一起。随着我国国内金融市场全面放开，国外商业银行更是以其健全的管理体制、科学的决策机制、灵活的经营机制等优势直接挑战国内商业银行。对此，不仅需要我国商业银行在具体实践中摸索如何提升产业竞争力，而且更需要有好的理论予以指导。对当前我...

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