商业银行制度与投资基金制度比较研究

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摘要

投资基金制度是一种新兴的金融制度，而商业银行则是具有着数百年悠久历

史的传统金融制度且曾经发挥过不可替代的作用。近几十年来，包括投资基金在

内的大批新兴金融机构给商业银行带来了严峻挑战，甚至引起了一场关于投资基

金是否会最终取代商业银行的国际争论。为了探究问题的实质，本文试图从两种

金融制度的历史演变入手分析，从历史层面深入剖析两种制度的发展趋势和前景，

进而从制度功能角度展开分析,就其共性功能和个性功能进行比较,从而证明两种

制度从长远看不是互相替代的关系，而是有限竞争，相互合作，平行发展的关系。

在得出两种制度并非相互替代的关系这个结论之后，通过研究有关国家投资基金

与商业银行合作的阶段、内容和方式，对我国现状做出合理的判断并探讨我国投

资基金与商业银行的具体合作方式。

根据这一设想，本文分五章展开研究。第一章主要对投资基金是否能够取代

商业银行的国际争论进行评述，并提出本文的研究思路。第二章从历史分析的角

度对商业银行制度演变和投资基金制度演变进行考察，以证明商业银行制度的发

展是处在不断变迁过程中，而投资基金制度并不是天然地作为商业银行制度的对

立面产生和发展的。第三章从制度功能的角度展开比较，并结合制度经济学的有

关原理，从交易成本、信息不对称等方面，分析商业银行和投资基金制度的功能

优劣，以证明投资基金制度和商业银行制度是互有特点、互为补充的。第四章通

过对投资基金制度和商业银行制度竞争过程的分析，得出投资基金与商业银行的

交叉和融合是两种制度未来发展的趋势，是互惠互利的“双赢”过程的结论。第

五章将研究的视角转向我国，结合我国实际，研究投资基金和商业银行在我国特

殊国情下的发展与合作问题。

关键词：投资基金商业银行制度比较研究

Abstract

As financial institution, the mutual fund is a kind of new emerging institution,

compared with the oldest traditional financial institution-commercial bank that has

been existed since hundreds years ago. Before the emerging of many new financial

institutions such as mutual fund etc., commercial bank may be the most important

financial intermediary and played an unsubstitutable role in financial activities. But the

suddenly rises of these new financial institutions, especially the emerging of mutual

fund, give so big an impact on the market share of commercial bank that somebody

even began to talk about of the possibility of substitution between mutual fund and

commercial bank. In other words, having been expanded for the recent decades, now

mutual fund has become the most powerful competer of commercial bank. Then there

is the problem, why do mutual fund expands so fast, does the new financial institution

is congenitally more advance than commercial bank? Does commercial bank is

doomed to be replaced by mutual fund? In this article, we will examine this question

carefully and try to find something. To the author’s view, the development of all

financial institutions, including the two institutions, are based on two preconditions:

firstly, all are born for the use of demand; secondly, both are accord with the law of

‘institution evolution’. In the long-range view, the relationship of the two institutions is

not of substitution but of limited competence and cooperation. To reach the conclusion,

we begin our analyses from the examining of the history and the function of both

institutions.

The total article is divided into five chapters: The first chapter is the foreword. In

the chapter, we firstly comment on the academic dispute that whether commercial bank

can be replaced by mutual fund, then put forward the basic outline of the whole article.

In the second chapter, we focus on the evolution history of the two institutions. After

review the history of both institutions, we make the conclusion that, as financial

intermediary, commercial bank is always on the track of evolution according to the

financial demand of different times, mutual fund is not congenitally developed as the

substitutor of commercial bank. After examining the evolution history of the two

institutions, we continue with the comparison of institution function in the third chapter.

After introducing the theory of function perspective, we compare the two institutions

and conclude that the two institutions are complementary in the aspect of institution

function. The fourth chapter examines the competence relationship of the two

institutions, and according to the trend of the two institution, we reach the point that

the convergence trend of the two institutions is a no-loser game. In the final chapter,

we turn our view on China’s mutual fund and commercial bank, trying to find some

ways to resolve the problem of the corporation and competence between the two

institutions under the specific condition of China.

Keywords: mutual fund, commercial bank, institution, comparison

中文摘要

ABSTRCT

第一章绪论…………………………………………………………………1

§1.1 投资基金制度能否取代商业银行制度的国际争论 ………………………1

§1.2 国际争论的实质与本文的研究思路 ………………………………………3

第二章投资基金制度与商业银行制度的历史分析………………………………5

§2.1 商业银行制度演变的考察 …………………………………………………5

§2.2 投资基金制度演变的考察 …………………………………………………8

§2.3 从历史分析的角度做出的判断……………………………………………10

第三章投资基金制度与商业银行制度的功能分析 ……………………………13

§3.1 金融中介的功能 …………………………………………………………13

§3.2 两种制度共性功能的比较 ………………………………………………16

§3.3 两种制度个性功能的比较 ………………………………………………18

§3.4 从功能分析角度做出的判断 ……………………………………………20

第四章投资基金制度与商业银行制度的现状分析 ……………………………21

§4.1 现状分析的意义 ……………………………………………………………21

§4.2 投资基金制度与商业银行制度竞争关系的分析…………………………21

第五章我国投资基金制度与商业银行制度的比较分析 ………………………26

§5.1 我国投资基金制度与商业银行制度的变迁轨迹……………………………26

§5.2 我国投资基金与商业银行的竞争与合作…………………………………29

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摘要：

摘要投资基金制度是一种新兴的金融制度，而商业银行则是具有着数百年悠久历史的传统金融制度且曾经发挥过不可替代的作用。近几十年来，包括投资基金在内的大批新兴金融机构给商业银行带来了严峻挑战，甚至引起了一场关于投资基金是否会最终取代商业银行的国际争论。为了探究问题的实质，本文试图从两种金融制度的历史演变入手分析，从历史层面深入剖析两种制度的发展趋势和前景，进而从制度功能角度展开分析,就其共性功能和个性功能进行比较,从而证明两种制度从长远看不是互相替代的关系，而是有限竞争，相互合作，平行发展的关系。在得出两种制度并非相互替代的关系这个结论之后，通过研究有关国家投资基金与商业银行合作的阶段、内容和方式，...

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