归化和异化翻译的概念整合差异

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摘要

作为一种由来已久的社会活动，翻译活动以不同的形势伴随着人类社会的发

展而产生，并且随着现代社会的发展而发展。因此，翻译也成了学术界一直研究

的热点，各种理论层出不穷。然而，由于翻译主体对翻译持有不同的观点和理论，

引起了一系列的争论。归化和异化的翻译策略问题就是其中之一。归化和异化之

间没有明显的界限，而是一个相互联系的连续体。异化处于连续体的一端，接近

源语及源语文化；归化则处于连续体的另一端，接近目标语及目标文化。

近年来，国内外研究者在对认知语言学的研究上取得了可喜的成绩。本文认

为：翻译，从认知语言学上来说，就是一种概念整合观，所以归化和异化就是概

念整合的归化和异化。若只在翻译实践中对这对概念进行研究，无法从根本上解

决此争议。翻译，作为一种译者的主体性行为，应该对其进行认知上的本质研究。

本文研究表明，虽然归化和异化都生于概念整合的四个空间，拥有相同的生

成机制，但同一翻译实例的归化翻译和相应的异化翻译的差异，正是由不同的网

络类型或参与整合的因子的差异而造成的。为了全面地对两者进行对比研究，本

文采用了控制变量法，分析了归化翻译分别为四种网络类型下相应的异化翻译。

为了更明显地对两者进行比较，本文分析了科技文及文学文翻译的归化异化策

略。

归化和异化概念上同属于翻译策略这一类，同属于概念整合的生成机制，其

差异是基于历史发展和文化沉淀的译者心里空间整合的结果，其背后隐藏明显的

思维差异，也就是概念整合的差异。因此不能用“约定俗成”一言以蔽之地去区

分它们。了解到这一点，能提高译者翻译效率，有助于人们去透彻地理解现存的

归化和异化翻译，也有助于准确而科学地认识新出现的归化和异化译本。

关键词：认知翻译归化异化概念整合科技文文学文

ABSTRACT

As a long-standing social activity, translation has been produced with the

development of human society and developed with the development of modern

society. So, translation has been a hot topic in academic world and relevant theories

have emerged endlessly. However, some controversies have also been caused by

translation scholars holding different even adverse translation opinions and theories.

Among them, translation matters about Domestication and Foreignization have been a

historical controversy. As a matter of fact, Domestication and Foreignization are an

interconnected continuum with no distinct boundary in between. As one of the end of

the continuum, Foreignization stands much closer to Source Language and Culture

while Domestication as the other end is closer to Target Language and Culture.

In recent years, Scholars at home and abroad have obtained gratifying

achievements on Cognitive Linguistic study. It is held in this paper that translation

view is a view of Conceptual Blending from the perspective of cognitive linguistics,

so Domestication and Foreignization are translation strategies in Conceptual Blending.

Any studies on this pair of concepts in translation practice can not solve the

controversy in essence. As a cognitive and initiative behavior of translator, translation

can only be scientifically and essentially studied in terms of translator’s cognition.

It can be demonstrated from this study that although Domestication and

Foreignization are generated in the same way of the four networks of Conceptual

Blending, domestication translation and the different corresponding foreignization

translation are caused by the different networks and elements involved in the

conceptual blending process. In order to do an overall comparison between the two

strategies, the Control Variate Method has been adopted to study the foreignization

translation when the corresponding domestication translation is respectively produced

in the four networks. To do a distinct comparison between them, domestication and

foreignization have been separately analyzed in Scientific and Literary Translation.

Belonging to the category of translation strategy, both Domestication and

Foreignization are technically generated in Conceptual Blending and their differences

come out the blending of translator’s mental spaces which is based on the

development of history and the accumulation of culture. In other words, translator’s

thinking difference behind the Domestication and Foreignization strategy appears to

be the difference in Conceptual Blending. Therefore, they can not be distinguished

iii

only in a word of ―convention‖. Translators who have learned that can do efficient

translations. Moreover, it can benefit people to thoroughly understand the existing

domestication and foreignization translation and understand new domestication and

foreignization translation precisely and scientifically.

Key Words: Cognition, Translation, Domestication, Foreignization,

Conceptual Blending, Scientific Text, Literary Text

CONTENTS

摘要 .............................................................................................................................. i

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. ii

CONTENTS .................................................................................................................. iv

Chapter One Introduction .............................................................................................. 1

1.1 Research Background ........................................................................................ 1

1.2 The Significance of the Study ............................................................................ 2

1.3 The Organization of the Thesis .......................................................................... 3

Chapter Two Literature Review ..................................................................................... 5

2.1 Previous Studies on Domestication and Foreignization .................................... 5

2.1.1 A Historical Study of Domestication and Foreignization in China .......... 5

2.1.2 A Historical Study of Domestication and Foreignization in Western

Countries .................................................................................................. 7

2.2 The Existing Problems of Previous Studies ....................................................... 8

2.2.1 The Unilaterally Theoretical Insistence of Western Scholars ................. 10

2.2.2 No Obvious Theoretical Basis of Chinese Scholars ............................... 11

2.3 A Study Background of Conceptual Blending ................................................. 12

2.3.1 A Brief Introduction of Conceptual Blending ........................................ 13

2.3.2 Vital Relations ........................................................................................ 14

2.3.3 Types of Integration Networks ............................................................... 15

2.3.3.1 Simplex Networks ................................................................................ 15

2.3.3.2 Mirror Networks................................................................................... 15

2.3.3.3 Single-scope Networks......................................................................... 16

2.3.3.4 Double-scope Networks ....................................................................... 16

2.4 Summary .......................................................................................................... 16

Chapter Three A Conceptual Blending View of Translation ....................................... 18

3.1 A Conceptual Blending Approach to Translation ............................................ 18

3.2 Simplex Networks of Translation .................................................................... 19

3.3 Mirror Networks of Translation ....................................................................... 21

3.4 Single-scope Networks of Translation ............................................................. 22

3.5 Double-scope Networks of Translation ........................................................... 24

3.6 Summary .......................................................................................................... 25

Chapter Four A Conceptual-blending View of Domestication and Foreignization

Translation ................................................................................................. 27

4.1 Both Domestication and Foreignization in Conceptual Blending ................... 27

4.1.1 Domestication in Simplex Networks and the Corresponding

Foreignization ........................................................................................ 28

4.1.2 Domestication in Mirror Networks and the relevant Foreignization ...... 29

4.1.3 Domestication in Single-scope Networks and the relevant Foreignization

................................................................................................................ 31

4.1.3.1 Foreignization in Simplex Networks ................................................... 32

4.1.3.2 Foreignization in Mirror Networks ...................................................... 33

4.1.3.3 Foreignization in Single-scope Networks ............................................ 34

4.1.3.4 Foreignization in Double-scope Networks........................................... 36

4.1.4 Domestication in Double-scope Networks and the Corresponding

Foreignization ........................................................................................ 37

4.2 Only Domestication in Conceptual Blending .................................................. 37

4.3 Only Foreignization in Conceptual Blending .................................................. 38

4.4 Some Influential Factors of Blending Process ................................................. 39

4.5 Summary .......................................................................................................... 41

Chapter Five The Application of Domestication and Foreignization in Scientific and

Literary Translation ................................................................................... 43

5.1 Definition and Procedures of Scientific Translation ........................................ 43

5.1.1 Definition of Scientific Translation ........................................................ 43

5.1.2 Procedures of Scientific Translation ....................................................... 44

5.2 Definition and Procedures of Literary Translation .......................................... 46

5.2.1 Definition of Literary Translation ........................................................... 46

5.2.2 Procedures of Literary Translation ......................................................... 47

5.3 Domestication and Foreignization Translation of Scientific and Literary Texts

in Conceptual Blending .................................................................................... 48

5.3.1 Scientific Translation in Conceptual Blending ....................................... 49

5.3.2 Literary Translation in Conceptual Blending ......................................... 51

5.4 Summary .......................................................................................................... 54

Chapter Six Conclusion ............................................................................................... 56

6.1 Findings ............................................................................................................ 56

6.2 Limitations ....................................................................................................... 58

Chapter One Introduction

1.1 Research Background

In 1985, American cognitive linguist and scientist, Gill Fauconnier has put

forward the concept of ―Mental Space‖ and built with Mark Turner a frame of theory,

Conceptual Blending Theory, to do dynamic construction of online meaning.

Conceptual Blending is a complex cognitive activity in which translators selectively

project part of their mental spaces to integrate into a new conceptual structure. So,

people’s endless creativity in the mental world determines the infinite creativity of

conceptual blending. Translation, as a reproduction or recreation of the translator,

has been studied recently by means of Conceptual Blending Theory. Both at home

and abroad, the strong explanatory power of conceptual blending theory in

translation has been undoubtedly unearthed and proved.

The problem on Domestication and Foreignization has been a controversy that

can not be overlooked in the study of translation. In all ages, they have received

much attention and have been advocated respectively by different scholars as the

most appropriate translation strategy that should be insisted in translation.

Domestication and Foreignization which are originated from the translation

strategies put forward by L. Venuti are the modern designation for Free and Literal

Translation. Domestication refers to the fact that translators produce a translation in

accordance to the language expressions and cultural conventions in target language,

whereas Foreignization is a way to keep the original expressions in the source text to

not break the means of expressions and cognitive mode in source language. So,

Domestication is a proper way to communicate information precisely and

foreignization is a typical way to meet target reader’s expectation on freshness in

reading foreign texts.

Tracing back to all the studies on the Domestication and Foreignization

Translation, we can conclude that traditional approaches focus on the study of

practical application in a way that lacks theoretical support. Although the study on

translation is popular in academic world and it can greatly benefit the translation

activity in social practice, there is no agreed theory throughout the world that is

上海理工大学硕士学位论文

persuasive and scientific enough in leading the direction of translation and there is

almost no original translation theory in China. Therefore, the lack of strong

theoretical foundation is one reason leading to the disorder of translation study.

Therefore, this paper tries to specialize on a cognitive theory – Conceptual Blending

Theory.

Since cognitive linguistics is ―an approach to language that is based on our

experience of the world and the way we perceive and conceptualize it‖ (Ungerer &

Schmid, 1996, p.36), and the Conceptual Blending Theory is one of the most

important cognitive theories and is powerful in revealing the creativity of people’s

mental world. So, it is quite reasonable to apply conceptual blending theory in the

study of translation which is also characterized by the active operating and

processing of translator’s mind.

The thesis aims to carry out an essential study on the difference between

Domestication and Foreignization Translation. Having long been studied as

translation methods in the translation of different types of texts like poetry,

advertisement, documental text and prose, Domestication and Foreignization need to

be purely studied as subjects rather than tools. To completely solve the controversy

between Domestication and Foreignization in a reasonable way, it is necessary to

study it from their generative mechanism. In other words, their differences

essentially lie in the mental difference behind the translation process. With the

guidance of the four networks of conceptual blending theory, domestication and

foreignization can be vividly and completely studied.

1.2 The Significance of the Study

The study is significant for both its creative theoretical research and its

practical use in domestication and foreignization translation.

First, with domestication and foreignization as the topic of the whole paper, the

study has specifically distinguished this pair of concepts from the very beginning of

their definition and reviewed traditional methods for domestication and

foreignization translation study.

Second, studied in the frame of four networks of conceptual blending theory,

domestication and foreignization have been compared in their generative mechanism,

that is, the thinking process of a translator in doing domestication and foreignization

translation. It is a theoretical support for the study of domestication and

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摘要：

i摘要作为一种由来已久的社会活动，翻译活动以不同的形势伴随着人类社会的发展而产生，并且随着现代社会的发展而发展。因此，翻译也成了学术界一直研究的热点，各种理论层出不穷。然而，由于翻译主体对翻译持有不同的观点和理论，引起了一系列的争论。归化和异化的翻译策略问题就是其中之一。归化和异化之间没有明显的界限，而是一个相互联系的连续体。异化处于连续体的一端，接近源语及源语文化；归化则处于连续体的另一端，接近目标语及目标文化。近年来，国内外研究者在对认知语言学的研究上取得了可喜的成绩。本文认为：翻译，从认知语言学上来说，就是一种概念整合观，所以归化和异化就是概念整合的归化和异化。若只在翻译实践中对这对概念...

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