我国非政府组织运营评价模型研究

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摘要

随着政府职能的逐步转变和社会主义市场经济体制的逐渐成熟与完善，我国

非政府组织正处于蓬勃发展阶段，并发挥着越来越重要的作用。非政府组织填补

了政府和市场失灵的空白区域、缓解了社会服务的供需矛盾、承担了政府转移出

来的社会职能。它的健康发展是建立和谐社会的前提和基础。然而在非政府组织

迅猛发展的同时，其运营状况却并不乐观。非政府组织的运营评价已成为一个值

得关注和探讨的课题。一直以来，我国在非政府组织运营评价方面的研究还比较

少，研究成果也并不深入。在此背景下，本文尝试从非政府组织运营评价指标体

系设计和非政府组织运营模型研究两方面入手对非政府组织的运营进行比较深入

的探讨。

本研究基于国内外相关研究项目和非政府组织评估理论，主要工作和结论有：

首先，以委托代理论、公益产权论作为非政府组织运营评价的理论基础，阐述了

非政府组织运营评价的重要性与必要性；其次，基于“约翰·霍普金斯大学非政

府组织比较项目”中的有关数据分析了全球范围内各国非政府组织的运营水平和

模式，并在此分析结论的基础上对我国非政府组织运营的现状进行了比较研究；

再次，针对非政府组织运营的难点和我国现行非政府组织评价体系的不足，从使

命战略评价、组织机构评价、组织治理评价、组织能力评价、业务活动评价、社

会评价六个方面重新设计了我国非政府组织的运营评价体系框架，并依照非政府

组织性质的不同，分别设立了具体的指标。同时，运用模糊综合评价法以所建立

的评价指标对中国儿童少年基金会的运营状况进行了范例研究；最后，依据非政

府组织动态、复杂、模糊、非线性的运营特征，采用动态神经网络和自组织特征

映射神经网络对我国非政府组织的运营发展模型和地域运营模型展开了模拟、仿

真及分析。

关键词：非政府组织运营评价指标体系模糊综合评价法

运营模型神经网络

ABSTRACT

Along with the transformation of governmental functions and the gradually

perfecting of the socialism marketing-economy system, the development of Chinese

NGOs (nongovernmental Organizations) has being under a vigorous development and

Chinese NGOs are playing a more and more important role in the society. NGOs fulfill

the blank area caused by government and market failure, ease the contradiction between

supply and demand for social services, take the responsibilities of the social functions,

which transferred from the government. The healthy development of NGOs is the

prerequisite and basis for establishing a harmonious society. However, along with the

rapid development of NGOs, the operation of it is not optimistic. Operating evaluation

of NGOs has become a discussion topic, which is worth paying more attention to.

Correlative embedded research about operating evaluation of NGOs has been few. On

such background, the thesis attempts to discuss the operation of NGOs by designing

operational evaluation index system of NGOs and researching the operation model of

NGOs.

This paper researchs the theory, frame and model of operating evaluation of NGOs,

based on the domestic and foreign-related research projects and evaluation theories of

NGOs. The textual main works are as followings: Firstly, to take theories, such as

Principal-agency theory, public property theory, as the theoretical basis of this research

to elaborate the importance and necessity of operating evaluation of NGOs. Secondly, to

analyze operating level and pattern of various NGOs of different countries in world

region based on the data from ‘Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project’.

Then, study and compare the current operating situation of Chinese NGOs with the

previous summary. Thirdly, to redesign the operating evaluation framework from six

aspects, which are mission and strategy evaluation, organization evaluation,

organizational governance evaluation, organizational ability evaluation, business

activity evaluation and social evaluation, according to the difficulties of NGOs’

operating evaluation and weaknesses of current evaluation system of Chinese NGOs.

Establish the specific index in accordance with the characteristics of NGOs. In the mean

time, fuzzy synthetic appraisal mode and established index system are applied to the

research on china children and teenagers’ fund as a case study. At the end, to use

dynamic neural networks and self-organized feature map to simulate and analyze the

operating model and regional operating model of Chinese NGOs to comply with

dynamic, complex, fuzzy and non-linear operating characteristics of NGOs.

Key Word: Nongovernmental Organization, Operating Evaluation,

Index System, Fuzzy Synthetic Appraisal Mode,

Operating Model, Neural Network

中文摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章绪论............................................................................................................1

§1.1 选题背景与意义.........................................................................................1

§1.1.1 选题背景 ..........................................................................................1

§1.1.2 选题意义 ..........................................................................................2

§1.2 国内外相关文献综述.................................................................................2

§1.2.1 国外相关文献综述............................................................................2

§1.2.2 国内相关文献综述............................................................................4

§1.3 基本概念界定.............................................................................................5

§1.3.1 非政府组织及范围 ..........................................................................5

§1.3.2 非政府组织的类别 ..........................................................................6

§1.3.3 运营评价 ..........................................................................................8

§1.4 论文的主要工作.........................................................................................8

§1.4.1 研究方法............................................................................................8

§1.4.2 研究的内容与思路............................................................................9

第二章非政府组织运营评价理论........................................................................10

§2.1 竞争情报价值链解析 ............................................................................10

§2.1.1 委托——代理理论 ........................................................................10

§2.1.2 公益产权理论 ................................................................................11

§2.2 非政府组织评价理论 ............................................................................12

§2.2.1“3E”评估理论 ..............................................................................12

§2.2.2“3D”评估理论................................................................................12

§2.2.3 顾客满意理论..................................................................................12

§2.2.4 APC 评估理论...................................................................................13

§2.2.5 平衡计分卡理论...............................................................................13

§2.3 本章小结 ................................................................................................14

第三章非政府组织运营现状分析........................................................................15

§3.1 国外非政府组织运营分析......................................................................15

§3.2 各国非政府组织运营水平分析..............................................................15

§3.2.1 聚类分析...........................................................................................15

§3.2.2 方差检验...........................................................................................19

§3.2.3 运营水平分析...................................................................................20

§3.3 各国非政府组织运营模式分析...............................................................22

§3.3.1 对应分析...........................................................................................22

§3.3.2 运营模式分析...................................................................................24

§3.4 我国非政府组织运营分析.......................................................................25

§3.5 我国非政府组织运营水平分析...............................................................25

§3.5.1 判别分析...........................................................................................26

§3.5.2 我国非政府组织运营水平及国际比较...........................................29

§3.6 我国非政府组织运营模式及国际比较 ................................................30

§3.7 本章小结 ................................................................................................33

第四章我国非政府组织运营评价指标体系设计................................................34

§4.1 我国非政府组织运营评价的难点 ........................................................34

§4.2 我国现行非政府组织评价体系及局限性分析 ....................................35

§4.2.1 我国现行非政府组织评价体系.......................................................35

§4.2.2 现行非政府组织评价体系局限性分析...........................................37

§4.3 我国非政府组织运营评价指标体系设计 ............................................38

§4.3.1 一般评价框架设计...........................................................................39

§4.3.2 评价指标设计...................................................................................40

§4.3.3 评价方法...........................................................................................47

§4.4 实例研究 ................................................................................................52

§4.4.1 因素集的确定与调整.......................................................................52

§4.4.2 权重的确定.......................................................................................54

§4.4.3 隶属函数及隶属关系的确定...........................................................57

§4.4.4 隶属等级的逆模糊化.......................................................................60

§4.4.5 模糊综合评价...................................................................................60

§4.5 本章小结..................................................................................................61

第五章我国非政府组织运营模型研究....................................................................62

§5.1 建模可行性分析.......................................................................................62

§5.2 我国非政府组织运营发展模型研究.......................................................62

§5.2.1 Elman 神经网络...............................................................................62

§5.2.2 Elman 神经网络空间表达式...........................................................63

§5.2.3 运营发展模型及预测.......................................................................64

§5.3 我国非政府组织地域运营模式研究.......................................................66

§5.3.1 自组织特征映射神经网络...............................................................67

§5.3.2 自组织特征映射神经网络的学习过程...........................................68

§5.3.3 地域运营模型...................................................................................68

§5.3.4 地域运营模式分析...........................................................................69

§5.4 本章小结...................................................................................................70

第六章总结与展望....................................................................................................71

附录一国外非政府组织运营模式分析指标........................................................... 74

附录二我国非政府组织从业人员多元分布指数................................................... 76

附录三我国非政府组织地域运营模式分析指标................................................... 79

参考文献..................................................................................................................... 82

在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果......................................... 84

致谢......................................................................................................................... 85

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摘要：

摘要随着政府职能的逐步转变和社会主义市场经济体制的逐渐成熟与完善，我国非政府组织正处于蓬勃发展阶段，并发挥着越来越重要的作用。非政府组织填补了政府和市场失灵的空白区域、缓解了社会服务的供需矛盾、承担了政府转移出来的社会职能。它的健康发展是建立和谐社会的前提和基础。然而在非政府组织迅猛发展的同时，其运营状况却并不乐观。非政府组织的运营评价已成为一个值得关注和探讨的课题。一直以来，我国在非政府组织运营评价方面的研究还比较少，研究成果也并不深入。在此背景下，本文尝试从非政府组织运营评价指标体系设计和非政府组织运营模型研究两方面入手对非政府组织的运营进行比较深入的探讨。本研究基于国内外相关研究项目和非...

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