我国城市化进程中土地征用制度问题研究

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3.0 赵德峰 2024-11-19 4 4 1017.65KB 82 页 15积分

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摘要

目前，我国正处于快速的城市化发展时期，城市范围和面积迅速扩大，乡村

人口不断涌入城市，而城市的扩大必然导致城市建设的增加。当前在我国城市原

有存量土地有限的情况下，新增建设用地只有通过集体土地来补充。而这个转换

过程的实现，必须经由征地活动来完成。近年来，随着我国工业化、城市化进程

加快，土地征用制度在维护社会公平、维护农民个人、家庭和集体权益，促进经

济发展等方面取得了较大的正效应，但随着社会主义市场经济体制的逐步确立，

由征地引发的社会矛盾日趋显现。征地程序不规范，极易滋生腐败；“公共利益”

界定不明，使征地范围过宽；征地补偿没有充分考虑土地所有权及其经济属性，

标准偏低；征地安置缺乏妥善安排失地农民长远生计的有效途径，社会反映强烈

等，这些就是本文所要研究的问题。文章将研究内容分为七个部分：

第一部分绪论，本部分主要介绍选题的依据与意义、国内外既往研究成果、

论文研究意义、研究范围框架、研究方法和创新点等内容。

第二部分阐述了城市化与土地征用制度的概况。介绍了城市化概念与土地征

用制度的概念、内涵、法律特征、现状及历程。

第三部分分析了城市化与土地征用的关系。用 EVIEWS 软件首先从全国的角度

来分析两者的关系，根据现在城市化的发展情况，预测 2010 年我国的征用土地面

积情况，然后从东、中、西、东北四大板块来描述城市化与土地征用的关系。

第四部分揭示了现行土地征用制度存在的问题。从土地征用制度的现状出发，

着重从国家的长远发展、社会稳定及城市可持续发展的需要出发，分析现行土地

征用制度的不足。

第五部分对世界其他国家或地区的土地征用制度进行了描述，对我国征地制

度的改革有一定的启发。土地征用制度的改革既要借鉴国内外一些先进经验，又

要从中国的实际出发，不能照搬照抄。

第六部分提出了进一步完善我国征地制度的对策和建议。如何改进现有征地

制度的不足，对于缓解有限的土地资源与城市化、工业化、现代化之间的矛盾，

实现国家的长久繁荣和可持续发展、国民经济的发展、国家战略安全的保障都具

有重要的战略意义。文章针对第四部分提出的政策执行中的几个问题并结合第五

部分国内外经验与我国的实际情况、我国征地制度改革应遵循的原则，相应提出

了征地程序的透明化、各部门应相互制约及提高征地补偿标准而不是按产值补偿

等对策建议。

第七部分结论与讨论。指出本研究的主要成果及今后的努力方向。

关键词：土地征用制度改革城市化程序公共利益补偿标准

ABSTRACT

At present, the country is at the stage of a fast urbanization. The scope and the area

of the city has been expanded quickly, and the rural population went into cities

continuously, which will inevitably lead to the needs of urban construction. Because our

country carries out two kinds of land ownership, which are state ownership of urban

land and collective ownership of rural land. As a basic land system, land expropriation

is the only way to change the land ownership. But under the situation of limited current

stock of urban land, the new-added build-up land can only be supplied through

collective land. And the realization of this conversion is the land acquisition activities.

In recent years, as China's industrialization and urbanization process accelerated, the

land requisition system has made some contributions to maintain social equity,

safeguard the personal, family and collective rights, promote economic development

and so on. But with the gradual establishment of the socialist market economic system,

social problems caused by the land requisition is becoming more and more serious.

Such as the land requisition procedure is not standard, which is easy to cause corruption;

the scope of land requisition has not been clearly defined, whose scope is too broad; the

land requisition compensation is too low and did not fully consider the economic

attributes of land ownership; the lack of proper arrangements for the resettlement of

landless peasants and an effective way to solve the livelihood of the peasants. The paper

is to study these key issues. The article will be divided into seven parts as follows:

The first part of the dissertation is an introduction, which covers the aims we study

the problem, the framework and means of the paper，and the innovations. It also has

explained systematically that domestic and international about the basic theories of land

requisition system.

The second part deals with the profile of urbanization and the area of land

requisition. It introduced the concepts, intension, legal character,and the development

history of the land requisition system.

The third part analyses the relationship between urbanization and land acquisition.

First, from the perspective of whole country, it analyses the relationship of them using

the Eviews software, and forecast the land requisition area in 2010. then from the

perspective of the East, the Middle, the West, and the Northeast those four plates, the

paper describe them.

The fourth part elaborates the problems of existing land requisition system in our

country. Then from needs of the national further development, social stability and urban

sustainable development, the article has analyzed the drawbacks of current land

requisition.

The fifth part gives a summary of the characteristics of land requisition system of

foreign countries (district), and proposes the guidelines for reformation of ours. Firstly,

it analyses the land requisition system of other countries (district), which gives

inspiration to our country. Then the paper describes the current situation of our country.

Thereby, the reform of land requisition system must not only learn from the advanced

experience at home and abroad, but also from China's actual situation.

The sixth part gives some counter measures to perfect the land requisition. How to

solve the problems occurred in course of land expropriation plays an important part in

easing the contradiction between limited land resources and urbanization,

industrialization,and modernization and realizing the long prosperity and sustainable

development, the development of the national economy. Based on the drawbacks in part

four, combined with the experience at home and abroad in the fifth part,the paper has

put forward the counter measures to perfect the reformation of land expropriation

system at present, such as improve the land requisition procedure, all departments

should restrain each other, land scope of public interests should be strictly ,and pay

compensation not by outputs.

The seventh part is the article’s conclusion, which gives the main further research

and the orientations.

Key words: land requisition system, reformation, urbanization,

procedure, public interests, standard of compensation

摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章绪论 ....................................................... 1

§1.1 问题的提出 ....................................................1

§1.2 相关研究综述 ..................................................2

§1.2.1 国外研究现状 .............................................. 2

§1.2.2 国内研究现状 .............................................. 4

§1.3 研究思路和框架 ................................................6

1.3.1 研究思路 .................................................... 6

1.3.2 研究框架 .................................................... 7

§1.4 创新点 ........................................................8

§1.5 研究方法 ......................................................8

第二章我国城市化与土地征用制度的概况 ................................ 9

§2.1 城市化概念及基本内涵 ..........................................9

§2.2 土地征用制度的基本概念 .......................................10

§2.2.1 土地征用制度的概念与内涵 ................................. 10

§2.2.2 土地征用制度的法律特征 ................................... 11

§2.2.3 土地征用制度的现状 ....................................... 13

§2.2.4 我国土地征用制度的历程 ................................... 16

第三章我国城市化与土地征用的关系分析 ............................... 20

§3.1 我国城市化与土地征用的情况 ...................................20

§3.2 城市化与土地征用的区域分布 ...................................23

第四章我国城市化进程中土地征用制度问题分析 ......................... 30

§4.1 征地程序的问题 ...............................................30

§4.1.1 征用土地的程序不完善 ..................................... 31

§4.1.2 征用土地的程序烦琐，审批程序周期过长 ..................... 32

§4.1.3 政府在征地过程中的职能不合理 ............................. 32

§4.1.4 征地程序不透明，操作随意性大 ............................. 33

§4.1.5 征地程序中缺乏有效的监督机制，致使农村土地流失严重 ....... 34

§4.2“公共利益”界定不明 ......................................... 35

§4.3 补偿标准不合理 ...............................................36

§4.3.1 土地征用补偿范围窄、标准低 ............................... 37

§4.3.2 土地收入的分配机制不合理 ................................. 38

§4.3.3 农民安置办法简单、社会保障体系缺乏 ....................... 39

§4.4 现行征地制度的不良影响 .......................................39

第五章世界其他国家或地区土地征用制度的经验借鉴 ..................... 41

§5.1 世界其他国家或地区的土地征用制度实践 .........................41

§5.1.1 美国的土地征用制度 ....................................... 41

§5.1.2 日本的土地征用制度 ....................................... 43

§5.1.3 新加坡的土地征用制度 ..................................... 44

§5.1.4 韩国的土地征用制度 ....................................... 45

§5.1.5 台湾的土地征用制度 ....................................... 46

§5.1.6 加拿大的土地征用制度 ..................................... 47

§5.2 世界其他国家或地区土地征用制度对我国的启示 ...................48

第六章进一步完善我国征用制度的对策 ................................. 53

§6.1 我国征地制度改革应遵循的原则 .................................53

§6.1.1 以科学发展观为指导 ....................................... 53

§6.1.2 以构建社会主义和谐社会为目标 ............................. 55

§6.1.3 以建设社会主义新农村为宗旨 ............................... 56

§6.1.4 与我国的发展阶段相适应 ................................... 57

§6.2 我国征地制度改进的对策 .......................................58

§6.2.1 改进征地程序 ............................................. 59

§6.2.2 积极协调，大力推进相关制度配套改革 ....................... 62

§6.2.3 明确“公共利益”的范围 ................................... 63

§6.2.4 提高征地补偿标准 ......................................... 64

结语 ............................................................... 69

附录 ................................................................ 70

参考文献 ............................................................ 74

在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 ...................... 77

致谢 ............................................................... 78

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摘要：

摘要目前，我国正处于快速的城市化发展时期，城市范围和面积迅速扩大，乡村人口不断涌入城市，而城市的扩大必然导致城市建设的增加。当前在我国城市原有存量土地有限的情况下，新增建设用地只有通过集体土地来补充。而这个转换过程的实现，必须经由征地活动来完成。近年来，随着我国工业化、城市化进程加快，土地征用制度在维护社会公平、维护农民个人、家庭和集体权益，促进经济发展等方面取得了较大的正效应，但随着社会主义市场经济体制的逐步确立，由征地引发的社会矛盾日趋显现。征地程序不规范，极易滋生腐败；“公共利益”界定不明，使征地范围过宽；征地补偿没有充分考虑土地所有权及其经济属性，标准偏低；征地安置缺乏妥善安排失地农民...

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