棕榈加筋上海粘土强度试验研究

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摘要

上海地区粘土分布广泛，粘土具有高含水量，大孔隙比，高压缩性以及低强

度等特征。工程建设以及地基强度均需要对粘土进行处理后才能满足要求，继而

进行下一步的工程；同时随着建筑垃圾的不可再生以及环境污染的问题加剧，越

来越需要环保建筑材料的诞生。

本文选用棕榈这种环保材料对上海粘土进行加筋，分别采用直剪慢剪试验，

无侧限抗压强度试验和劈裂试验对棕榈片加筋上海粘土的抗剪，抗压以及抗拉强

度进行探究，再利用 SPSS 统计分析进行方差检验与回归分析，可得到如下结论：

棕榈加筋土不仅可以提高上海粘土的抗剪，抗压和抗拉强度，而且能够改善

上海粘土的抗变形能力。

直剪慢剪试验中，最优加筋率为 0.50%，最佳筋材长宽比为 1:3，最适加筋长

度为 4mm；棕榈片尺寸为 4mm×12mm 的棕榈加筋土粘聚力提高最大，与素土相

比，粘聚力提高了 135.4%；当垂直压力小时，应力应变曲线表现为应变软化；当

垂直压力增大时，应力应变曲线表现为应变硬化。加筋后，土体的残余强度相对

于素土增大了，且加筋对残余强度的影响要高于对峰值强度的影响。

无侧限抗压强度试验中，最优加筋率为 1.00%；棕榈的长宽比对上海粘土的

无侧限抗压强度也有影响，当筋材长宽比为 1:3 时，无侧限抗压强度最大；筋材

的长度对上海粘土的无侧限抗压强度也有一定的影响作用，当筋材长度为 4mm

时，无侧限抗压强度增长比较大。在实验中效果最好的棕榈片尺寸是 4mm×12mm，

相对于素土，抗压强度提高了 47%。

劈裂试验中，最优加筋率为 1.00%；棕榈的长宽比对上海粘土的抗拉强度也

有影响，当筋材长宽比为 1:3 时，抗拉强度最大；筋材的长度对上海粘土的抗拉

强度也有一定的影响作用，当筋材长度为 4mm 时，抗拉强度增长比较大。在实

验中效果最好的棕榈片是 4mm×12mm，相对于素土，提高了抗拉强度的 141%。

通过方差分析，分别对试验中各因素的试验值以及因素间的差异显著性进行

验证，分析可以得到棕榈加筋率，长宽比及长度对抗剪强度，抗压及抗拉强度均

有显著影响。

通过回归分析，采用最小二乘法将实验范围内强度与各因素的试验值进行线

性回归，得到强度与各因素的线性回归模型，通过回归模型从而使各因素对强度

影响的比较和预测得到简化。

关键词: 棕榈上海粘土抗剪强度抗压强度抗拉强度统计分析

ABSTRACT

There distributes clay widely in Shanghai ,the clay have characteristics of high

water content, high void ratio, high compressibility and low strength and so on. It need

do to meet strength requirements in engineering and foundation construction, then to

do the next step of the project. At the same time, with the increasing of non-renewable

construction waste and environmental pollution problems, there need environmentally

friendly materials.

In this paper, Palm which is eco-friendly materials reinforced Shanghai clay.

There used direct shear tests, unconfined compressive strength test and split test to

explore the shear, compression and tensile strength of palm reinforced Shanghai

clay.Then using SPSS statistical analysis to do variance test and regression analysis,

the following conclusions can be obtained:

Palm reinforced soil can not only improve the Shanghai clay shear, compression

and tensile strength, but also to improve the resistance to deformation of Shanghai

Clay.

According to shear slow shear test, the optimal palm content rate was 0.50%, the

best reinforcement aspect ratio was 1: 3, the optimum reinforcement length was 4mm;

The clay cohesion of palm reinforcemet improved maximum, when the size of palm is

4mm × 12mm. the clay cohesion improved 135.4% compared to prime soil; when the

vertical pressure was small, the stress-strain curve was of strain softening type; with

the vertical load increasing, the stress-strain curve was of strain hardening type. After

reinforcement, the residual strength of the soil increased with respect to the prime soil,

and the impact on the residual strength of reinforcement was higher than the impact on

the peak strength.

According to unconfined compressive strength test, the optimal palm content rate

was 1.00%; The palm aspect ratio had an effect on unconfined compressive strength of

Shanghai clay. When reinforcement aspect ratio was 1: 3, the unconfined compressive

strength was maximum; the length of palm had also an effect on unconfined

compressive strength of Shanghai clay, when palm length was 4mm, the unconfined

compressive strength was maximum. In the experiment, when the palm size was 4mm

× 12mm, the unconfined compressive strength was maximum.with respect to the prime

soil, the unconfined compressive strength improved 47%.

According to split test, the optimal palm content rate was 1.00%; The palm aspect

ratio had an effect on tensile strength of Shanghai clay. When reinforcement aspect

ratio was 1: 3, the tensile strength was maximum; the length of palm had also an effect

on tensile strength of Shanghai clay, when palm length was 4mm, the tensile strength

was maximum. In the experiment, when the palm size was 4mm × 12mm, the tensile

strength was maximum.with respect to the prime soil, the tentile strength improved

141%.

According to variance analysis, there verified the value of each factor on the test

trials respectively.It can proof that reinforcement rate, the aspect ratio and length shear

strength had an significantly affect on shear, compression and tensile strength.

According to regression analysis, there were relationship equations of the strength

using the least squares method with intensity of various factors within the experimental

range.and thus the comparison of various factors and and prediction were easy in the

test.

Keywords: Palm Shanghai clay shear strength compressive strength

tensile strength Statistical Analysis

中文摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章绪论 ............................................................................................................... 1

1.1 问题的提出 ........................................................................................................ 1

1.2 研究目的及意义 ................................................................................................ 2

1.2.1 研究目的 ...................................................................................................... 2

1.2.2 研究意义 ...................................................................................................... 2

1.3 主要研究内容，关键技术及创新点 ................................................................ 2

1.3.1 主要研究内容 .............................................................................................. 2

1.3.2 关键技术 ...................................................................................................... 3

1.3.3 创新点 .......................................................................................................... 3

第二章国内外研究动态、水平及存在问题 ............................................................. 4

2.1 加筋土的研究 .................................................................................................... 4

2.1.1 加筋法的定义和目的 .................................................................................. 4

2.1.2 加筋法的原理 .............................................................................................. 4

2.1.3 加筋法的分类及适用范围 .......................................................................... 4

2.2 加筋土国内外研究动态 .................................................................................... 5

2.2.1 国内研究动态 .............................................................................................. 5

2.2.2 国外研究动态 .............................................................................................. 7

2.3 上海粘土地质的研究 ........................................................................................ 8

2.4 棕榈的研究 ........................................................................................................ 8

2.5 加筋理论分析 .................................................................................................... 9

2.5.1 界面摩擦作用观点 ...................................................................................... 9

2.5.2 似粘聚力观点 ............................................................................................ 10

2.5.3 张力膜观点 ................................................................................................ 10

2.5.4 土体应力状态改变观点 ............................................................................ 11

2.5.5 剪切带观点 ................................................................................................ 11

第三章棕榈加筋土试验仪器、材料及方法 ........................................................... 13

3.1 试验仪器 .......................................................................................................... 13

3.1.1 直剪慢剪试验 ............................................................................................ 13

3.1.2 无侧限抗压强度试验 ................................................................................ 13

3.1.3 巴西劈裂抗拉强度试验 ............................................................................ 14

3.2 试验材料 .......................................................................................................... 14

3.2.1 试验用土 .................................................................................................... 14

3.2.2 试验用的棕榈 ............................................................................................ 14

3.3 试验方法 .......................................................................................................... 15

3.3.1 直剪慢剪试验 ............................................................................................ 15

3.3.2 无侧限抗压强度试验 ................................................................................ 15

3.3.3 巴西劈裂抗拉强度试验 ............................................................................ 16

第四章棕榈加筋土直剪慢剪试验 ........................................................................... 17

4.1 棕榈加筋土抗剪强度分析 .............................................................................. 17

4.1.1 2mm 长的棕榈片加筋土抗剪强度分析 ................................................... 17

4.1.2 4mm 长的棕榈片加筋土抗剪强度分析 ................................................... 27

4.1.3 8mm 长的棕榈片加筋土抗剪强度分析 ................................................... 36

4.1.4 棕榈片长宽比对加筋土抗剪强度的影响 ................................................ 45

4.1.5 棕榈片长度对加筋土抗剪强度的影响 .................................................... 46

4.2 本章小结 .......................................................................................................... 47

第五章棕榈加筋土无侧限抗压强度 ....................................................................... 49

5.1 试验数据处理方法 .......................................................................................... 49

5.2 棕榈加筋土试验结果分析 .............................................................................. 49

5.2.1 应力位移关系分析 .................................................................................... 49

5.2.2 加筋率对棕榈加筋土抗压强度的影响 .................................................... 53

5.2.3 棕榈片长宽比对加筋土抗压强度的影响 ................................................ 54

5.2.4 棕榈片长度对加筋土抗压强度的影响 .................................................... 55

5.3 本章小结 .......................................................................................................... 56

第六章棕榈加筋土劈裂试验 ................................................................................... 57

6.1 试验数据处理方法 .......................................................................................... 57

6.2 棕榈加筋土试验分析 ...................................................................................... 57

6.2.1 应力位移关系分析 .................................................................................... 57

6.2.2 加筋率对棕榈加筋土抗拉强度的影响 .................................................... 62

6.2.3 棕榈片长宽比对加筋土抗拉强度的影响 ................................................ 63

6.2.4 棕榈片长度对加筋土抗拉强度的影响 .................................................... 64

6.3 本章小结 .......................................................................................................... 65

第七章方差分析与回归分析 ................................................................................... 66

7.1 方差分析 .......................................................................................................... 67

7.1.1 剪切试验的方差分析 ................................................................................ 67

7.1.2 无侧限抗压强度试验的方差分析 ............................................................ 70

7.1.3 劈裂试验的方差分析 ................................................................................ 73

7.1.4 小结 ............................................................................................................ 75

7.2 回归分析 .......................................................................................................... 75

7.2.1 剪切试验的回归分析 ................................................................................ 75

7.2.2 无侧限抗压强度的回归分析 .................................................................... 78

7.2.3 劈裂试验的回归分析 ................................................................................ 80

7.3 本章小结 .......................................................................................................... 81

第八章机理分析 ....................................................................................................... 82

8.1 棕榈的性质 ...................................................................................................... 82

8.2 棕榈与土的相互作用 ...................................................................................... 82

8.2.1 棕榈与土的剪切作用 ................................................................................ 82

8.2.2 棕榈与土的抗压及抗拉作用 .................................................................... 83

第九章结论与展望 ................................................................................................... 85

9.1 结论 .................................................................................................................. 85

9.2 展望 .................................................................................................................. 86

参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 87

在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 ......................................... 91

致谢 ........................................................................................................................... 92

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摘要：

`摘要上海地区粘土分布广泛，粘土具有高含水量，大孔隙比，高压缩性以及低强度等特征。工程建设以及地基强度均需要对粘土进行处理后才能满足要求，继而进行下一步的工程；同时随着建筑垃圾的不可再生以及环境污染的问题加剧，越来越需要环保建筑材料的诞生。本文选用棕榈这种环保材料对上海粘土进行加筋，分别采用直剪慢剪试验，无侧限抗压强度试验和劈裂试验对棕榈片加筋上海粘土的抗剪，抗压以及抗拉强度进行探究，再利用SPSS统计分析进行方差检验与回归分析，可得到如下结论：棕榈加筋土不仅可以提高上海粘土的抗剪，抗压和抗拉强度，而且能够改善上海粘土的抗变形能力。直剪慢剪试验中，最优加筋率为0.50%，最佳筋材长宽比为1:3...

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