从概念整合角度谈新奇隐喻在中国古诗英译中的翻译策略

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摘要

古典诗歌是中国文学史上重要的组成部分，也是中华文明宝贵的财富。在文

化交流全球化的今天，借助翻译将古典诗歌传播到其他文化中，是十分必要的。

然而，诗歌翻译是翻译领域中最难以探索的部分，尤其是中国古典诗歌的英译。

导致其英译困难的因素很多，其中之一便是隐喻的翻译。古今中外，隐喻和

诗歌从来就有着密切的关系，中国古诗中常常运用大量精彩的隐喻，而这些隐喻

又具有强烈的中国色彩，加之特殊的意象和典故，使其难以移植到另一文化土

壤。

随着隐喻研究的不断深入，隐喻对人类思维方式和艺术创造的影响以及隐喻

最重要的认知功能不断被人们所理解和认识。隐喻按照隐喻度的强弱程度可以分

为规约隐喻和新奇隐喻(徐章宏)。Gilles Fauconnier 于 1985 年提出的心理空间理

论发展到现在完整的概念整合理论，已经成为认知语言学的重要组成部分。该理

论不仅可以解释规约隐喻与新奇隐喻的区别以及新奇隐喻的形成，而且对新奇隐

喻的认知翻译过程有着极大的指导作用。

本文以概念整合理论为基础，对古典诗歌中的新奇隐喻做出解释说明，并由

概念整合对隐喻进行认知解析的基本图式，引申出其对翻译过程进行认知解析的

基本图式。在这一图式的基础上，根据新奇隐喻在翻译中的差异，将其分为四

类：一，两个输入空间的元素和主要框架相似，但原语的表达方式在译语中没有

出现过；二，原语输入空间与译语输入空间中的所指意义相同，但两语境下表达

该意义的意象不同；三，原语输入空间与译语输入空间的意象相同，但两语境下

表达的所指意义不同；四，原语输入空间与译语输入空间中的意象和所指意义均

不相同。运用基本图式，结合具体诗句的比较，分析说明如何在新奇隐喻翻译中

尽量保留原有的新颖性。另外，针对翻译结果可能影响译语读者可读性的问题，

本文尝试提出解决方法，如加注，额外解释说明等。

关键词：概念整合中国古典诗歌新奇隐喻翻译策略

ABSTRACT

Classic Chinese poems (CCP), as an important gem of Chinese literature, have

achieved an unprecedented greatness in history. The translation of CCP can help to

spread Chinese culture to other countries. Nowadays, it is necessary to do such a

meaningful job to achieve global cultural communication. However, poetry is the most

difficult genre to translate, especially CCP.

There are many factors which cause the difficulty of CCP translation, and one of

them is the translation of metaphor. Metaphor and poetry have a very intimate

relationship. Because of the typical Chinese features of novel metaphors in CCP, it is

hard to transplant them into other languages.

With the deepening of researches, the influence of metaphor on humans’ way of

thinking, artistic creation and its cognitive functions have been recognized and

understood by more and more people. Metaphors can be classified into conventional

ones and novel ones. The Conceptual Blending Theory (CBT) proposed by Gilles

Fauconnier, is now becoming an inseparable part of cognitive linguistics, which can not

only explain the distinction between novel metaphors and conventional ones but also is

instructive in the process of metaphor translation.

This thesis will take Fauconnier’s Conceptual Blending Theory (CBT) as the

foundation and try to employ it to explain novel metaphors. What’s more important is

that the author uses CBT to search for proper ways of novel metaphor translation in

CCP. On the basis of conceptual blending network model, the author creates an

improved network model for novel metaphor translation. According to the differences

of translating process, the author classifies novel metaphors into four types: 1) both the

meaning and the image spaces being the same ; 2) the meaning or reference spaces

(M/R S) being the same while the image or representation spaces (I/R’ S) being

different in the source and the target backgrounds; 3) the I/R’ S being the same while

the M/R S being different; 4) neither the image nor the meaning in the source input

space exists in the target background (“culture blank” novel metaphor).

A lot of examples of novel metaphor translation are given in the thesis. By

comparing different translating versions, the author makes a conclusion that on the

premise of not influencing the readability, more native cultural factors in the mental

space should be selected and kept in translation process, in order to achieve the goal of

cultural communication without culture missing as possible as a translator can. If there

are some puzzles produced, compensation strategy is necessary, like adding explanatory

notes and giving sufficient directions beyond the translation.

Key Words: Conceptual Blending Theory, Classic Chinese Poems,

Novel Metaphor, Translation Strategy

CONTENTS

Acknowledgements ...........................................................................................................ii

摘要 ........................................................................................................................... iii

ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................................iv

Chapter One Introduction ................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Target and Rationale of the Research .................................................................. 1

1.2 Purpose of Writing this Paper .............................................................................. 2

1.3 Overview of the Thesis ........................................................................................ 3

Chapter Two Literature Review ........................................................................................4

2.1 Brief Introduction of CCP .................................................................................... 4

2.2 The Relationship between Poetry and Metaphor ................................................. 4

2.3 Metaphor Studies in China and in the West ......................................................... 5

2.4 General Review on Metaphor Translation in CCP...............................................7

Chapter Three CBT and Translation Practice ...................................................................9

3.1 Development of CBT ........................................................................................... 9

3.2 CBT Applied in Translation Practice ................................................................. 12

Chapter Four Novel Metaphor in CCP ........................................................................... 13

4.1 Novel Metaphor ..................................................................................................13

4.2 Explanation of Novel Metaphor by CBT ........................................................... 15

4.2.1 Comparing CBT with CMT ......................................................................15

4.2.2 Difference between Novel Metaphor and Poetic Metaphor ..................... 16

Chapter Five The Strategies of Translating Novel Metaphors in CCP ...........................17

5.1 The Conceptual Blending Model Network ........................................................ 18

5.2 Four Types of Novel Metaphors ........................................................................ 19

5.3 Case Study ..........................................................................................................20

5.3.1 Both the Meaning and the Image Spaces Being the Same ....................... 20

5.3.2 The M/R S Being the Same while the I/ R’ S Being Different ................ 24

5.3.3 The I/ R’ S being the Same while the M/ R S Being Different ................ 29

5.3.4 “Culture Blank” Novel Metaphor .............................................................34

5.4 The Most Important Strategy Proposed ............................................................. 38

5.5 Some Solutions to Puzzles ................................................................................. 39

Chapter Six Conclusion .................................................................................................. 39

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 41

在读期间公开发表的论文 .............................................................................................43

Chapter One Introduction

1.1 Target and Rationale of the Research

Classic Chinese poems (CCP), as the most important gem of Chinese literature,

have achieved an unprecedented greatness in the history. Many translators and

researchers at home and abroad have practiced CCP translation. Since metaphor is

frequently used in CCP as an important device and has a consanguineous relationship

with poetry, it attracts much attention of almost all the translators. Serving as decorative

objects with an ornamental purpose, metaphors are the essential component of poetry

and always reveal the core spirit of poems.

Almost all the CCP express certain emotion and show the poets’ aspiration in

certain ways, such as by describing scenery and using images. The language of poetry is

condensed and vivid, thus making it much more difficult for readers to understand than

prose or novels. In addition, there are some literary techniques used in poetry, such as

meter, natural cadence, rhyme and the most important one -- metaphor.

In CCP, most metaphors are new and creative with intense Chinese features. Most

of them can bring quite fresh and innovative feelings to their readers. Here, instead of

being conventional metaphors, they are novel ones because of their innovation and

creativity.

More attention should be paid to novel metaphors which function as an important

part in CCP. So here the thesis just takes them as the target and tries to find a better way

of translating them into English from the cognitive aspect.

As an elaboration and reformulation of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT)

which is proposed by Lakoff & Johnson in their book The Metaphor We Live By (1980),

Conceptual Blending Theory (CBT) is a new framework, recently proposed by

Fauconnier & Turner (1996, 1998). CBT seeks to explain much of the same linguistic

data as that of CMT, and unify the analysis of metaphor with that of a variety of other

linguistic and conceptual phenomena. It is argued that the two approaches are

complementary (Grady et al., 1999). As one of the most striking features, CBT research

often focuses on novel conceptualizations that may be short-lived, which is

fundamentally different from those of CMT. The emergent structure in blending can

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摘要：

摘要古典诗歌是中国文学史上重要的组成部分，也是中华文明宝贵的财富。在文化交流全球化的今天，借助翻译将古典诗歌传播到其他文化中，是十分必要的。然而，诗歌翻译是翻译领域中最难以探索的部分，尤其是中国古典诗歌的英译。导致其英译困难的因素很多，其中之一便是隐喻的翻译。古今中外，隐喻和诗歌从来就有着密切的关系，中国古诗中常常运用大量精彩的隐喻，而这些隐喻又具有强烈的中国色彩，加之特殊的意象和典故，使其难以移植到另一文化土壤。随着隐喻研究的不断深入，隐喻对人类思维方式和艺术创造的影响以及隐喻最重要的认知功能不断被人们所理解和认识。隐喻按照隐喻度的强弱程度可以分为规约隐喻和新奇隐喻(徐章宏)。GillesF...

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