科技中小企业与在校大学生互动模式研究

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I
摘 要
互动是伴随企业客户之间的关系转型，从而走进企业管理实践的。科技中小
企业与在校大学生互动的涵义是指科技中小企业与在校大学生，各自以双方为主
体进行的知识、信息和行为的交流活动，以达到共享科技资源的双赢目的。科技
中小企业与在校大学生互动是产学研的实践操作手段之一，是“新产学研”背景
下，实现以科技中小企业应用为导向的自主创新模式的途径。
“产学研”思想起源于西方工业革命时代，其目的在于找到加速科技成果的
开发和转让的途径。我国传统“产学研”思想起源于 20 世纪九十年代，在“十一
五”期间，传统的“产学研”被赋予了新的内涵，互动活动由原来以高校、研究
机构或者政府为主导型，转向了以企业为主要执行单位，企业成为“产学研”结
合的组织者，该种新形式被称为“新产学研”结合。在校大学生与科技中小企业
“互动”是“新产学研”结合的实现途径，是推进企业高校创新体制的具体抓手。
因此，对在校大学生与科技中小企业互动模式的探讨对推进产学研具有深入的实
践操作意义。
2005 年，上海市政府颁布的《上海中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要》里，提
出了“以应用为导向的自主创新”的竞争策略，企业作为自主创新的主体，参与
互动对提高产品技术的应用性具有极大的促进作用。因此，针对上海科技中小企
业与在校大学生互动模式的特征，本文首先通过对 70 家科技中小企业及 300 名在
校大学生的实地调查，利用 SPSS 软件从学生角度和企业角度对互动收益、互动形
式等进行了相关性分析，得出了双方在不同互动需求方面的一致性和差异性；其
次，利用问卷数据，结合自组织等理论从创新、收益、行为三个角度进行论证，
归纳出侧重点相异的互动理论模式：自组织视域模式、SECI 收益模式、TPB 行为
模式；再次，对比问卷数据及现状情况，从人才培养、合作研究方面归纳出互动
实践模式；最后，对上海科技型中小企业与在校大学生互动模式的重要事项，以
及在研究结论中需要改进的问题进行了总结和概括。
关键词：产学研 互动 在校大学生 科技中小企业
II
ABSTRACT
The interaction is defined for enterprises’ management practice with the transition
of clients’ relationship. The interaction between small and mediate sized enterprises is
defined as follows: some activities of knowledge, information, and behavior
cooperation, aim to benefit from sharing each side’s resources. Interaction is the specific
category of industry-academy-research (IAR), the research of this topic is the key to
realize self-innovation model under the background of “new industry-academy-resear
-ch”.
The origin of IAR could be dated back from the history of western industry
revolution, which purpose was to find the method to accelerate the development and
transfer of technological fruits. China’s traditional IAR was founded in 90s of 20
century, during “The eleventh of five year period”, the IAR has been added new colors,
the interaction’s oriented body was shifted from universities, and government to
enterprises, this new model was defined as “New IAR”. The interaction is one of the
crucial elements to it, and it will be helpful to the innovative system construction
between universities and enterprises. Therefore, it will be meaningful and operational to
launch the argument of interaction model between universities and enterprises.
The idea of “Innovation oriented by practical application” has been emphasized by
Shanghai government in 2005, under this situation, the interaction can improve the
application of products. Considering the specific interactive model, the thesis will begin
from the questionnaire research among 70 small and mediate sized enterprises and 300
college students. The conclusion will be resulted from comparative analysis by SPSS
software; meanwhile, from three angles: innovation, profit, and behavior, by using the
self-organized theory etc, the theoretical interactive models like self-organized model,
SECI model, TPB model will be concluded. At the end, some suggestions and research
notes will be revealed with the conclusion.
Key Word: Industry-academy-research, Interaction, College students,
Small and mediate sized enterprises
III
目 录
摘要
ABSTRACT
第一章 绪论 ····································································································· 1
§1.1 课题来源 ·············································································· 1
§1.2 科技中小企业与在校大学生互动研究基本概念 ······························2
§1.2.1 科技中小企业与在校大学生互动定义 ···································· 2
§1.2.2 科技中小企业与在校大学生互动研究目的 ······························2
§1.2.3 科技中小企业与在校大学生互动研究意义 ······························5
§1.2.4 科技中小企业与在校大学生互动研究方法 ······························6
§1.3 科技中小企业与在校大学生互动主体界定 ···································· 8
§1.4 科技中小企业与在校大学生互动与产学研研究的区别与联系 ·········· 11
§1.4.1 科技中小企业与在校大学生互动与产学研研究的一致性 ·········· 11
§1.4.2 科技中小企业与在校大学生互动与产学研研究的相异性 ·········· 12
第二章 研究综述 ·················································································15
§2.1 国外科技中小企业与在校大学生互动理论研究综述 ······················ 15
§2.1.1 国外互动理论发展轨迹研究 ···············································15
§2.1.2 国外先进理论研究的比较分析 ··········································· 16
§2.2 海外科技中小企业与在校大学生互动现状研究 ···························· 17
§2.2.1 英国模式 ······································································· 17
§2.2.2 美国模式 ······································································· 18
§2.2.3 台湾模式 ······································································· 20
§2.3 国内在校大学生与科技中小企业互动理论研究综述 ······················ 22
第三章 上海科技中小企业与在校大学生互动现状调查研究 ······························ 27
§3.1 研究方法 ············································································· 27
§3.2 科技中小企业与在校大学生互动现状调查分析 ···························· 27
§3.2.1 以科技中小企业为视角的互动现状调查分析 ························· 27
§3.2.2 以在校大学生为视角的互动现状调查分析 ···························· 30
§3.3 科技中小企业与在校大学生互动现状相关性分析 ························· 33
第四章 科技中小企业与在校大学生互动动因分析 ············································41
§4.1 创新驱动因素分析——自组织互动理论 ····································· 41
§4.1.1 基本概念及分析框架 ························································41
§4.1.2 创新动因分析 ·································································42
§4.2 收益驱动因素分析——知识供应链 ···········································46
§4.2.1 基本概念 ······································································· 47
IV
§4.2.2 知识供应链 SECI 模式收益分析 ········································· 48
§4.3 行为驱动因素分析——TPB 模式 ···············································52
§4.3.1 TPB 模式基本概念 ··························································52
§4.3.2 TPB 模式的行为动因分析 ·················································53
第五章 科技中小企业与在校大学生互动模式研究 ············································57
§5.1 科技中小企业与在校大学生互动理论模式研究 ···························· 57
§5.1.1 自组织视域模式 ······························································57
§5.1.2 SECI 视域模式 ·······························································60
§5.1.3 TPB 视域模式 ································································63
§5.2 科技中小企业与在校大学生互动理论模式分类研究 ····················· 67
§5.2.1 互动模式分类 ·································································67
§5.2.2 互动理论模式应用性研究 ··················································67
§5.3 科技中小企业与在校大学生互动实践模式研究 ····························74
§5.3.1 人才培养型模式 ······························································74
§5.3.2 操作型模式 ····································································75
§5.3.3 合作研究型模式 ······························································76
§5.3.4 平台型模式 ····································································77
§5.3.5 间接互动型模式 ······························································78
§5.4 科技中小企业与在校大学生互动实践模式分类研究 ····················· 79
§5.5 互动模式案例研究 ·································································81
§5.5.1 企业主导技术模式及人才培养型模式 ·································· 81
§5.5.2 SECI 视域模式 ······························································· 84
§5.5.3 TPB 视域模式及合作研究型模式 ······································· 87
第六章 对策与建议 ························································································· 90
§6.1 论文主要工作 ······································································ 90
§6.2 对策建议 ············································································ 91
§6.2.1 研究结论对策 ·································································91
§6.2.2 研究方法建议 ·································································96
附录一：调查企业名录 ····················································································99
附录二：科技中小企业与在校大学生互动模式调查问卷（企业篇） ·············· 100
附录三：科技中小企业与在校大学生互动模式调查问卷（学生篇） ················ 101
本文图表检索指南 ························································································· 102
结语 ·············································································································· 104
参考文献 ······································································································· 104
在读期间公开发表论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 ········································ 108
致谢 ·············································································································· 109
第一章 绪论
1
第一章 绪论
§1.1 课题来源
本论文根据 2006 年度上海市科技发展基金软科学重点项目——在校大学生与
科技中小企业互动模式研究（066921034），通过对一手及二手资料的搜集与调查，
结合产业经济学和创新经济学等学科，分析校企双方互动模式的驱动因素，从而
对互动模式的资源配置提出合理建议，实现双方创新资源的协作和互动，以及创
新要素间的互补和协同。
随着我国经济的进一步对外开放，科技型中小企业对我国国民经济的贡献起
着越来越重要的作用，据统计，我国 GDP 的55%、税收的 40%和就业岗位的 75%
都是由中小企业完成的。我国的“十一五规划”和“国家中长期科技发展规划纲
要”，都把扶持中小企业的技术创新能力纳入了国家创新体系之中，并且提出了引
导建立以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研紧密结合的技术创新体系[1]。前总书记
江泽民也在十五大报告中指出：“有条件的科研机构和高等院校要以不同的形式进
入企业或与企业合作，走产学合作道路，解决科技和教育体制上存在的条块分割、
力量分散的问题。”
据2006 年中国科学技术部统计，科技中小企业技术创新基金管理中心所支持
的项目中，拥有专利 2489 项，其中发明专利占 35%；有 40%的项目是对国家级和
省部级科技计划成果的转化，其中大部分来自高校和科研院所成果[2]。然而，仍旧
有大部分科技中小型企业在发展初期面临研发技术滞后、技术人才缺乏、研发资
源稀缺的困难。其中，研发技术滞后表现在设备陈旧、技术产品跟不上市场步伐；
技术人才缺乏表现在员工素质低、低收入无法吸引高端研发人才；资源缺乏表现
在研发经费短缺、无法享受国家基金的资助。
另据统计，近年来，高校每年都负担大约一半左右的国家和地方的自然科学
基金课题、科技攻关课题、“863 计划”课题等。高等院校共拥有全国三分之二左
右的科技力量，每年都取得 2万多项部省级以上科技成果，但这些成果的 60%以
上还没有及时转化成产品，而其科技经费却又显得紧张、短缺。所以，无论是“产
学研”研究还是中小企业的科技创新和成长研究，关键问题是要研究科技要素之
间的流动和互通。即促进校企科技要素的流动与互通能提高企业的经济创新效益，
同时提升高校的资源利用率与就业水平。这点是目前产学研研究未涉及，也是本
课题的研究重点。
科技中小企业与在校大学生互动模式研究
2
§1.2 科技中小企业与在校大学生互动研究基本概念
通过研究大学生与科技型中小企业之间的互动模式，可以使处于产学研互动
中的企业与高校的科技资源进行配置，进而提高科技中小企业的科技成果转化率
和产业化率，提高大学生毕业生和研究生的就业率。所以，本课题的研究目的旨
在通过互动来整合科技资源和人才资源，推进国家的创新体系建设，使得科技型
中小企业成为加快科技成果转化、实现技术创新、提供就业岗位和创造社会财富
的有效“执行者”。
§ 1.2.1 科技中小企业与在校大学生互动定义
“互动”（Interaction）一词在《现代管理词典》的释义如下[10]：互动是伴随企
业客户之间的关系转型而走进企业管理实践，从而成为一项重要管理工具的。通
过与客户的互动，企业不再是一个孤立的经济体，它可以成为经济社会里的信息
核心，通过互动把各种资源联系起来，达到快速反应，有效开发新产品，节约成
本等目的。从释义中可以明确两点：①互动主体必须在两方或以上；②互动的目
的必须是双赢的。
因此，本课题的科技中小企业与在校大学生互动涵义是指科技中小企业与在
校大学生，各自以双方为主体进行的知识、信息和行为的交流活动，以达到共享
科技资源的双赢目的。科技型中小企业与在校大学生之间互动，是通过产学合作
的方式整合科技资源和人才资源，对推进国家创新体系的建设、完善我国高等教
育体制的改革都具有重要意义。
§ 1.2.2 科技中小企业与在校大学生互动研究目的
互动研究目的，即研究主体参与互动的目的。因此，可以从企业、高校、政
府三个主体出发，来分析互动研究目的。
1．企业角度
从企业角度出发，互动的目的在于提升创新能力、降低运营成本、吸引人才。
（1）提升创新能力
《上海中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要》明确指出，加快建设高效的创新体
系，使知识源源不断地生产出来并迅速转化为商业价值和社会价值。并确定在 2010
年，上海全社会 R&D 经费支出相当于地区生产总值的比重达 2.8%以上（其中企
业R&D 经费支出占全社会 R&D 经费支出的比重达到 65%以上），万人 R&D 人员
全时当量达 45 人年/万人；在 2020 年，上海全社会研究开发（R&D）经费支出相
摘要：

I摘要互动是伴随企业客户之间的关系转型，从而走进企业管理实践的。科技中小企业与在校大学生互动的涵义是指科技中小企业与在校大学生，各自以双方为主体进行的知识、信息和行为的交流活动，以达到共享科技资源的双赢目的。科技中小企业与在校大学生互动是产学研的实践操作手段之一，是“新产学研”背景下，实现以科技中小企业应用为导向的自主创新模式的途径。“产学研”思想起源于西方工业革命时代，其目的在于找到加速科技成果的开发和转让的途径。我国传统“产学研”思想起源于20世纪九十年代，在“十一五”期间，传统的“产学研”被赋予了新的内涵，互动活动由原来以高校、研究机构或者政府为主导型，转向了以企业为主要执行单位，企业成...

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科技中小企业与在校大学生互动模式研究.pdf

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作者：牛悦 分类：高等教育资料 价格：15积分 属性：111 页 大小：3.58MB 格式：PDF 时间：2024-11-19

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