家电行业第三方逆向物流系统网络构建及仿真优化研究

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摘要

随着经济发展与社会进步，可持续发展日益成为社会发展的主基调，其核心

问题是资源循环利用和环境保护。我国作为一个家电生产和消费大国，家电普及

率很高，并且更新换代速度快，导致废旧家电大量产生。废旧家电回收处理不当，

会对环境造成严重污染，而且会导致资源浪费。在倡导循环经济和可持续发展的

今天，构建完善的家电行业逆向物流系统迫在眉睫。

在这个大背景下，本文在综述国内外逆向物流管理理论研究和社会实践的基

础上，结合我国家电行业逆向物流的现状，构建了一个以第三方逆向物流服务商

为主体的家电行业第三方逆向物流网络系统模型，并利用 EXTEND 仿真软件对该

模型仿真实现和优化研究。

首先，从多个角度，对逆向物流的定义与驱动因素、特征与分类、处理过程

与方法以及正向物流与逆向物流的关系做了深入的阐述，初步建立了逆向物流的

理论基础。此外，还对第三方物流服务商进入逆向物流的决策及可行性做了深入

分析。

其次，在逆向物流理论基础上，对逆向物流的网络规划及构建做了探讨，以

第三方物流服务商为主体构建了家电行业逆向物流网络系统。系统涵盖了生产商、

供应商、政府环保组织、二手市场、回收站、最终用户以及最终处理等功能主体，

并借助 EXTEND 软件进行了系统仿真。

然后，文章以上海市杨浦区为案例，根据政府现有的回收站，建立了杨浦区

回收处理中心的选址模型，以实际数据验证了模型的有效性。

最后，在家电行业第三方逆向物流系统模型的平台上，对模型中的多个变量

做了仿真方案的试验设计及优化，以求得最满意的指标数据，即更小的成本，更

高的利用率和更短的排队长度。

本文旨在为家电行业逆向物流的发展做一点贡献，对第三方物流服务商开拓

逆向物流市场提供思路支持，促进家电行业逆向物流产业化，也有利于我国环保

事业和资源的可持续发展。

关键词：家电行业第三方物流逆向物流系统仿真优化模型

ABSTRACT

Along with the improvement of society and economics, sustainable development

has been the main mood. Its core issues are environment protection and material

circulation. As a large country of great home appliance production and consumption,

China has a high popularization of appliances and upgrade speed. Those led to a large

number of old home appliances. Improper handling means will lead to serve

environmental pollution and waste of resources. At the times of calling for Circular

Economy and Sustainable Development, it is urgent to build one perfect reverse

logistics system of household appliances industry.

At the great background, the paper ,combining the current situation of reverse

logistics, builds one third-party reverse logistics network system model of household

appliances industry on the basis of summing up domestic and overseas research and

practice about reverse logistics management. With the help of EXTEND, the paper

emulates the model and does some optimizing research.

Firstly, from the multi-angle, the thesis makes a deep elaboration about the

definition and motivation, character and classification, processing and method, the

relationship of positive and reverse logistics. It initially establishes the theoretical

principle of reverse logistics. Apart from this, it also makes a deep analysis about how

to make a strategic decision and the feasibility of entering the reverse logistics for the

third-party logistics facilitator.

Secondly, after making a deep expounding of the theoretical principle of reverse

logistics, this thesis makes a probe about how to plan and establish the reverse logistics

network. The emphasis is to build one third-party reverse logistics network system

model of household appliances industry. The system model contains the producer, the

supplier, the environment defended organization, the second-hand market, the recycle

bin, the end-user and the ultimate processing. With the help of the emulation software

EXTEND, the model achieves its function.

Thirdly, taking the Yangpu district of Shanghai for example, the thesis sets up the

site selection model of recycle processing center of Yangpu, according to the existing

recycle bin established by the government. The efficiency of the model has been proved

by practical data.

III

Lastly, on the terrace of the third-party reverse logistics system model of household

appliances industry, the paper makes the program design and optimization many times

in order to find the most satisfactory target data, such as the less cost, the higher

utilization and the shorter length of team.

The aims of this research are to make a contribution to development of reverse

logistics theory of household appliances industry, as well as to provide the thought

support for the third-party logistics facilitator who wants to open up the reverse logistics

market, to promote the reverse logistics theory of household appliances industry

industrialization and to benefit the development of environment protection and

resources sustainable development of our country.

Key Word ：household appliances industry, third-party logistics,

reverse logistics，system emulation，optimization model

中文摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章绪论 ............................................................................................................... 1

§1.1 研究背景 ....................................................................................................... 1

§1.1.1 循环经济和可持续发展的要求 .......................................................... 1

§1.1.2 企业利润之源 ...................................................................................... 2

§1.1.3 环境保护的要求 .................................................................................. 2

§1.2 研究目的和意义 ........................................................................................... 3

§1.3 第三方逆向物流国内外研究现状 ............................................................... 4

§1.4 论文研究的思路及内容 ............................................................................... 6

第二章逆向物流的理论基础 ..................................................................................... 8

§2.1 逆向物流概述 ............................................................................................... 8

§2.1.1 逆向物流的定义及驱动因素 ............................................................. 8

§2.1.2 逆向物流产生的原因及回返渠道 ................................................... 10

§2.2 逆向物流的特征与分类 ............................................................................. 12

§2.2.1 逆向物流的特征 ............................................................................... 12

§2.2.2 逆向物流分类 ................................................................................... 13

§2.3 逆向物流的处理过程与方法 ..................................................................... 14

§2.4 逆向物流与正向物流的对比 ...................................................................... 16

§2.4.1 逆向物流与正向物流的关系 ............................................................ 16

§2.4.2 逆向物流与正向物流成本比较 ....................................................... 17

§2.5 第三方逆向物流 ......................................................................................... 18

§2.5.1 第三方逆向物流的定义 ................................................................... 18

§2.5.2 第三方物流服务商进入逆向物流的决策分析 ............................... 18

§2.5.2.1 第三方物流服务执行过程 ..................................................... 18

§2.5.2.2 限制逆向物流外包的因素 ...................................................... 19

§2.5.2.3 定性决策模型 ......................................................................... 21

§2.5.3 第三方逆向物流企业的优势 ............................................................ 23

§2.5.4 第三方逆向物流运作的可行性 ....................................................... 24

第三章家电行业第三方逆向物流系统网络构建 ................................................... 25

§3.1 逆向物流网络系统的结构 ......................................................................... 25

§3.1.1 逆向物流网络的类型及其结构特征 ............................................... 25

§3.1.2 逆向物流网络的功能 ....................................................................... 26

§3.1.3 逆向物流网络设计的特点 ............................................................... 28

§3.2 家电行业逆向物流 ..................................................................................... 30

§3.2.1 家电行业逆向物流的界定 ............................................................... 30

§3.2.2 废旧家电逆向物流系统的构成要素分析 ....................................... 31

§3.2.3 家电行业逆向物流运作模式 ........................................................... 32

§3.3 家电行业第三方逆向物流系统模型 ......................................................... 33

§3.3.1 模型假设 ............................................................................................ 33

§3.3.2 模型构建 ........................................................................................... 34

§3.4 第三方逆向物流系统网络规划 ................................................................. 35

§3.4.1 家电行业第三方逆向物流网络类型 ................................................ 36

§3.4.2 家电行业第三方逆向物流运作流程 ................................................ 37

第四章第三方逆向物流仿真系统设计及优化研究 ............................................... 39

§4.1 仿真软件介绍 ............................................................................................. 39

§4.1.1 EXTEND 简介 ................................................................................... 39

§4.1.2 EXTEND 特点 ................................................................................... 40

§4.2 仿真系统设计 ............................................................................................. 40

§4.2.1 仿真模型 ........................................................................................... 40

§4.2.2 模型运作流程及功能 ........................................................................ 41

§4.2.2.1 第三方物流服务商 .................................................................. 41

§4.2.2.2 最终用户 ................................................................................. 49

§4.2.2.3 回收站 ..................................................................................... 50

§4.2.2.4 二手市场 ................................................................................. 51

§4.2.2.5 供应商 ..................................................................................... 52

§4.2.2.6 最终处理 .................................................................................. 52

§4.3 仿真案例研究 .............................................................................................. 53

§4.3.1 杨浦回收处理中心选址规划 ........................................................... 53

§4.3.1.1 杨浦区回收中心选址图的绘制 ............................................. 53

§4.3.1.2 路程计算 .................................................................................. 55

§4.3.1.3 杨浦区日均家电报废量计算 .................................................. 56

§4.3.2 EXTEND 选址模型 ........................................................................... 57

§4.3.3 结果分析 ........................................................................................... 59

§4.4 仿真试验设计及优化研究 .......................................................................... 59

§4.4.1 固定变量定义 ................................................................................... 59

§4.4.2 可调变量及指标变量定义 ............................................................... 60

§4.4.3 仿真方案设计及结果分析 ............................................................... 61

第五章结论与展望 ................................................................................................... 63

§5.1 全文结论 ..................................................................................................... 63

§5.2 研究展望 ..................................................................................................... 64

参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 65

在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 ......................................... 69

致谢 ......................................................................................................................... 70

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摘要：

I摘要随着经济发展与社会进步，可持续发展日益成为社会发展的主基调，其核心问题是资源循环利用和环境保护。我国作为一个家电生产和消费大国，家电普及率很高，并且更新换代速度快，导致废旧家电大量产生。废旧家电回收处理不当，会对环境造成严重污染，而且会导致资源浪费。在倡导循环经济和可持续发展的今天，构建完善的家电行业逆向物流系统迫在眉睫。在这个大背景下，本文在综述国内外逆向物流管理理论研究和社会实践的基础上，结合我国家电行业逆向物流的现状，构建了一个以第三方逆向物流服务商为主体的家电行业第三方逆向物流网络系统模型，并利用EXTEND仿真软件对该模型仿真实现和优化研究。首先，从多个角度，对逆向物流的定义与...

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