基于目的论的语用标记等效翻译研究
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ABSTRACT
In view of the undue scanty investigation so far to quantitative analysis in
pragmatics, translating and translation, the Skopostheorie-based thesis ventures to
reconstruct the traditional Equivalence Theory and deconstruct the Pragmatic
Markedness Equivalence Principle, vintages of Nida and Hou Guojin respectively.
Dwelling upon the Skopostheorie, the author proposes an integrated revision: the
Skopostheorie-based Pragmatic Markedness Equivalence Principle, with empirical
expounding of the new model in terms of epistemological and methodological
significance. The author features the grafting, integrating and optimizing of the modes
from different backgrounds, hopefully contributing to the application of strategies for
translating and translation assessment, and ultimately to enriching and perfecting of the
inter-disciplinary construction of functionalist and pragmatic translation theories.
Originated from the Germany-based functionalist approach developed by
Katharina Reiss in the 1970s, Skopostheorie is fathered by Reiss’s action-theory-versed
disciple Hans Vermeer who lays the foundation stone by defining translation as a kind
of purposeful action. American biblical translator and translation theorist E. A. Nida
highlights the advocacy of “faithfulness” and “equivalence” and launches the concept of
Dynamic Equivalence later revised into Functional Equivalence. Vintage Nida is
transplanted by the Chinese scholar Hou Guojin to his Pragmatic Markedness
Hypothesis in his establishment of Pragmatic Markedness Equivalence Principle, a
quantitative approach highly feasible and instructive in describing and interpreting
translating and its assessment.
The research targets justifying and verifying of the Skopostheorie-based PMEP
designed for qualitative and quantitative criteria for translating guidance and translation
assessment. Specifically, the navigating introduction foregrounds the debates over
translation focuses, equivalence in particular, followed first by a critique of PMEP and
then its integrating with Skopostheorie —the Skopostheorie-based PMEP. In line with
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the revised version, source texts and/or target texts of various genres manifesting
different contextual involvements are approached qualitatively and quantitatively from
the coordinated perspective of optimizing intercultural communicative translational
action via the manipulating of pragmatic markedness. The findings revealed by
pragmatic markedness equivalence argue that, ascribed to the global perspective-taking,
the Skopostheorie-based PMEP hereto manifests more convincingly interpretative
power and instructive value, hence contributing to the justifiability, feasibility and
instructiveness of this modification.
Key Words: Skopostheorie, Pragmatic Markedness, Equivalence
Translation, Grafting and Integrating
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摘 要
本文主要研究翻译过程的指导原则和译文评估的量化标准，旨在以功能学派
的目的论为观照，通过改造经典的等效论和侯国金博士提出的语用标记等效翻译
原则，建立、验证笔者提议的修正模型：基于目的论的语用标记等效翻译。
至今为止，国内外在语用学量化分析和对翻译过程(translating)、产品(translation)
及标准(criterion)进行定量表述方面的研究成果尚少，而以目的论(Skopostheorie)为
视角结合等效论(the Equivalence Theory)对翻译进行语用标记量化分析仍属空白，本
文以等效论为基础，借鉴、参照德国功能学派提出的目的论，以及我国学者侯国金
在经典标记理论基础上提出的语用标记等效原则(Pragmatic Markedness Equivalence
Principle, PMEP)，探询其理论创新性及局限性，阐释翻译目的对语用标记等效翻译
的影响，尝试提出、论证经笔者修正的理论模型：基于目的论的语用标记等效翻译
原则(Skopostheorie-Based PMEP)。本文以实证语料分析阐明了该模式在翻译行为中
的理论价值和指导意义，从而通过不同学科背景理论的移植、整合及优化达到增强
等效论、目的论和语用标记等效原则理论的解释力和适用性，以期对翻译的策略选
择和译文评估有所补充与完善，同时丰富、完善功能主义翻译理论和语用翻译理论
体系的跨学科建构。
目的论发轫于德国，该理论的雏形是凯塞林娜·赖斯(Katharina Reiss)于 20 世
纪 70 年代提出的功能翻译理论，其学生汉斯·威密尔(Hans Vermeer)摒弃了传统译
论中的原语中心论，从行为学的角度指出翻译是人类有目的的行为，创立了功能
派的奠基理论：翻译的目的论。等效论源自国内外学者对译文“忠实”、“等值”
的追求，美国圣经翻译家和翻译理论家 E. A. 奈 达 提 出 “动 态 对 等(Dynamic
Equivalence)”的概念，后来又发展为“功能对等(Functional Equivalence)”。奈达
的“对等论”作为“等效论”的最新代表，在全世界有着广泛的影响。本世纪初，
中国学者侯国金一方面创造性地把经典标记理论发展成为“语用标记价值论
(Pragmatic Markedness Hypothesis, PMH)”，另一方面把经典等效翻译理论发展成为
“语用标记等效翻译原则(PMEP)”，提出了一个具有较高可行性和操作性的翻译策
略及翻译评估模型，用于描述和解释翻译实践，通过量化的手段评估翻译和（平
行）翻译文本。
本文回顾了中外翻译史上对翻译核心问题及对等效论的争鸣，介绍了侯国金
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的语用标记等效翻译原则，引入功能学派的目的论并移植、整合至语用标记等效
翻译原则，提出了基于目的论的语用标记等效翻译原则。笔者以跨文化交际翻译
行为的效果最优化为导向，以语用标记值为策略和评估的切入点，对比分析了语
境参与程度不同的各种语类原文和（或）（平行）译文，从中寻求佳译在与其相应
源语语用标记等效方面的量化表征，证明了基于目的论的语用标记等效翻译原则
具有比其各个整合部分更强的解释力和指导意义，也验证了作者对涉及的三个理
论模型进行修正的合理性、可行性及可操作性。
关键词：目的论 语用标记 等效翻译 移植整合
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A List of Abbreviations and Symbols
ST: source text
TT: target text
U: unmarked(ness)
M (M+, M++): marked(ness) [moderately marked(ness), strongly marked(ness)]
D/FEP: dynamic/functional equivalence principle
PM: pragmatic markedness
PMH: pragmatic markedness hypothesis
PME (P): pragmatic markedness equivalence (principle)
NEV: numerical equivalence value
SB: skopostheorie-based
L2:second language
A List of Tables
Table1: Pragmatic-Markedness Equivalence Model
Table2: Comparison of Calculations of Numerical Skopos-based PM Value
Table3: Skopostheorie-Based Pragmatic-Markedness Equivalence Model
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................ i
学位论文版权使用授权书 .............................................................................................. ii
声 明 ............................................................................................................................. iii
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................iv
摘 要 ..............................................................................................................................vi
A List of Abbreviations and Symbols ......................................................................... viii
A List of Tables .............................................................................................................viii
Chapter One Translation and Pragmatics ....................................................................1
§1.1 Preliminary Remarks: A Retrospective Critique ................................................1
§1.2 Focuses of Translation Studies ...........................................................................2
§1.2.1 Translation Studies: Name and Nature .................................................... 4
§1.2.2 Intersubjectivity and Translation ..............................................................5
§1.2.3 Textual Peculiarity ................................................................................... 6
§1.2.4 Intertextuality and Translation ................................................................. 7
§1.3 Implications to Meaning .................................................................................... 8
§1.3.1 Semantic Study: Static Meaning .............................................................. 8
§1.3.2 Pragmatic Study: Dynamic Meaning ....................................................... 9
§1.4 Pragmatic Perspective on Translation .............................................................. 10
§1.5 Rationale and Layout of the Present Study ...................................................... 11
Chapter Two Pragmatic Markedness Equivalence: Hypothesis & Principle ..........13
§2.1 Review on the Markedness Theory ..................................................................13
§2.1.1 Criteria of Markedness ...........................................................................14
§2.1.2 Pragmatic Nature of Markedness ...........................................................16
§2.2 Review on the Pragmatic Markedness Hypothesis ..........................................19
§2.3 Theoretical Hypothesis of PMEP .....................................................................19
§2.3.1 Equivalence Revisited ............................................................................20
§2.3.2 Evaluation of PMEP .............................................................................. 21
§2.3.3 Limitations of PMEP ............................................................................. 23
§2.4 Relevant Pioneering Studies ............................................................................ 24
§2.4.1 Overseas Progress .................................................................................. 24
§2.4.2 Domestic Contention ............................................................................. 26
§2.4.3 A Critical Comment ............................................................................... 27
§2.5 Summary .......................................................................................................... 27
Chapter Three Skopostheorie-based PMEP: Towards a Remedial Integration ..... 29
§3.1 Essentials of Skopostheorie ............................................................................. 29
§3.1.1 Origins and Contributors ........................................................................29
§3.1.2 Defining Elements ................................................................................. 30
§3.1.3 Argument over Skopostheorie ................................................................31
§3.2 The Complementary Enrichment of Skopostheorie to PMEP ......................... 32
§3.3 The Interpretative Power of Skopostheorie-based PMEP ................................33
§3.4 Summary .......................................................................................................... 35
Chapter Four An Empirical Investigation into Skopostheorie-based PMEP ..........37
§4.1 Skopostheorie-based PMEP for Contextualized Translation Studies .............. 37
§4.1.1 Strategy in Sparkling pre-Translating Brainstorming ............................ 38
§4.1.2 Checklist in Drafting and Polishing Translation Texts .......................... 43
§4.1.3 Criterion for Translation Criticism .........................................................48
§4.2 Skopostheorie-based PMEP for De-Contextualized Translation Studies ........ 52
§4.2.1 Translation in Bilingual Dictionaries ..................................................... 53
§4.2.2 Teaching Translation vs. Translation Teaching ......................................55
§4.3 Summary .......................................................................................................... 58
Chapter Five Conclusion: Metatheoretical Reflections .............................................59
§5.1 Major Implications from the Investigation ...................................................... 59
§5.2 Remaining Issues of the Current Research ...................................................... 60
§5.3 Future Perspectives for Further Probes ............................................................61
References ...................................................................................................................... 63
The Author’s Publications ............................................................................................69
Chapter One Translation and Pragmatics
1
Chapter One Translation and Pragmatics
§1.1 Preliminary Remarks: A Retrospective Critique
While endeavoring to reform their minds as well as the nature, ingenious ancestors
of all races invent disparate tongues later linguistically categorized into respective
language families. In the process of socializing, mutual intelligibility demanded in
communication, in oral or written forms among members from different speech
communities, necessitates translation/interpretation which, presumably not adequately
inscribed, boasts a history as long as that of languages. Historically recorded translation
activity in China dated back to the Zhou Dynasty and according to Ma Zuyi, three
waves of translation outline the progress of translation in China before the May 4th
Movement in 1919. In the West, the earliest extant translation is that conducted in some
3,000 BC when the Emperor of the late Assyrian Empire ordered that his great
achievements be publicized in a variety of languages. East or west, it seems, translation
has existed for at least three thousand years.
The theoretical abstraction and construction of translation, however, does not do
justice to that long a history of practice. Chinese professional theorizing about
translation buds following the advent of the first wave of translation, the one featuring
the translation of Buddhist sutras under the patronage of the court. Zhi Qian, an ancient
Rouzhi descendent and an erudite polyglot at the service of the Wu Kingdom, remarks
on the translation of Buddhist scriptures via his preface to Fajujing, displayinging his
insights in terms of linguistic disparity, literalness vs. liberalness and form vs. content.
The laureate of the first translation theorist in the West goes to Marcus Tullius Cicero of
the old Roman, whose fragmentary explorations into translation theorization could be
found in De Optimo Genere Oratorum (some 46 BC) and De Finibus Bonorum Et
Malorum (some 45-44 BC).
Discrepancy has remained prominent as to the tradition of translation in China and
in the West. Deeply rooted in the fertile soil of the Chinese civilization, Chinese
translation heritage has been characterized with an adequate consideration to cultural
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ivABSTRACTInviewoftheunduescantyinvestigationsofartoquantitativeanalysisinpragmatics,translatingandtranslation,theSkopostheorie-basedthesisventurestoreconstructthetraditionalEquivalenceTheoryanddeconstructthePragmaticMarkednessEquivalencePrinciple,vintagesofNidaandHouGuojinrespectively.Dwellingupont...
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作者：陈辉
分类：高等教育资料
价格：15积分
属性：74 页
大小：688.5KB
格式：PDF
时间：2024-11-19
