面向城乡一体化的公交网络布局优化研究

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声明

本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下,独立

进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已注明引用的内容外，本论文不

包含任何其他个人或集体已经公开发表或撰写过的作品成果。对本文

的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。

本声明的法律责任由本人承担。

学位论文作者签名：

年月日

摘要

目前，我国正处于城市反哺农村、农村产业化和城市郊区化并存的关键阶段。

为了能够更好的适应城乡居民对出行服务质量和服务水平的要求，需要对城乡公

交进行优化调整，使其真正承担起运输城乡客流的任务，为城乡居民提供舒适、

经济、安全、方便的运输服务。对城乡一体化的公交进行优化调整，关键是进行

科学规划，形成不同级别公交线路相互衔接的城乡公交运输网络。

本文主要内容包括城乡客流需求预测、城乡一体化的公交网络优化原理、公

交网络布局评价及调整。重点内容主要有以下几方面：

1. 分析我国城乡居民出行的特征，运用NL模型进行交通方式划分，利用Emme

交通规划软件实现公交分配；

2. 结合相关研究结果对公交网络结构进行划分，以更有针对性的对城乡公交

网络进行优化；

3. 论文重点分析了城乡一体化的公交发展与运营的影响因素，以线路长度和

出行时间为决策变量，以社会效益和经济效益最大化为目标，以公交线路非直线

系数、复线系数、线路断面不均衡性、线网密度、换乘系数、公交线路站点覆盖

率、居民出行时耗等为约束条件，建立适合城乡一体化发展的优化模型，并提出

一种融合遗传算法与蚂蚁算法的GAAA算法对优化模型求解；

4. 借鉴国内外相关经验，利用公交走廊进行“由主及次，逐层优化，分步调

整”的优化方法对城乡公交网络进行优化调整；

5. 为确保优化结果的科学、合理，论文根据城乡公交结构体系和功能目标，

利用城乡一体化的适应性综合评价方法对城乡公交网络进行评价；

6. 结合浙江省瑞安市城乡公交网络布局优化进行分析。

关键词：一体化城乡公交网络布局模型优化

ABSTRACT

Currently, China is in the critical phase of city feed the rural areas, rural

industrialization and suburbanization are coexistence. In order to further adapt to urban

and rural residents travel service quality and service level requirements, urban and

rural public transport as an important travel mode of rural residents should be further

adjusted, they should bear the task of urban and rural major passenger transport, link

the city and county and the surrounding rural areas and provide transportation services

of comfort, economic, safe and convenient for the urban and rural residents. In order to

achieve optimization and adjustment of urban and rural public transport, it is important

to utilize scientific planning, realize the formation of bus transport network of the

interface between different levels of urban and rural bus line.

The thesis mainly includes urban and rural passenger demand forecasting,

optimization theory of urban and rural public transport network, evaluation and

adjustment of the layout of the bus network. Focusing mainly the following aspects:

1. Analyzed the characteristics of urban and rural resident travel, used NL model

to achieve traffic mode split , and used Emme to achieve transit allocation.

2. Combined with the results of research to divide the structure of the bus network,

to more target optimization of urban public transport network.

3. Thesis mainly analyzed the factors of urban and rural public transport

development and operations. The optimize tiered model are established with the

frequency and routes as decision-making variable, with maximize social and economic

benefits as target, with the length of lines, line of non-1inear coefficient, the coefficient

of double-track, the non-balanced characteristic of line section, 1ine density, the

coefficient of passengers' transit, the rate of bus lines coverage, residents' travel time as

limitation. Then, the thesis presented a fusion of GAAA algorithm which combined

genetic algorithms and ant algorithms to solve the optimization model.

4. Based on the successful experience of optimization of urban and countryside

public transportation, according to the principles of “from primary to secondary, from

rough to detailed and adjusting and optimizing according to layers” to optimize and

adjust the public transportation network.

5. In order to ensure the optimization results reasonable based on the structure

system of the urban and countryside public transportation and the function of the target,

the thesis used a method of adaptive and comprehensive evaluation of urban and rural

integration to evaluate urban and rural public transport network.

6. Last, the optimization of public transportation network in Rui'an, Zhejiang

Province is analyzed empirically.

Key Words: integration, urban and rural public transport, network

layout, model, optimization

中文摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章绪论 ................................................................................................................ 1

§1.1 研究背景 ......................................................................................................... 1

§1.2 研究目的及意义 .............................................................................................. 2

§1.2.1 研究目的 ................................................................................................... 2

§1.2.2 研究意义 ................................................................................................... 2

§1.3 国内外研究方法 .............................................................................................. 2

§1.3.1 国外研究方法 ........................................................................................... 2

§1.3.2 国内研究方法 ........................................................................................... 3

§1.4 论文研究内容及路线 ...................................................................................... 4

§1.4.1 论文研究内容 ........................................................................................... 4

§1.4.2 技术路线图 ............................................................................................... 5

第二章城乡一体化的客流需求预测 .......................................................................... 6

§2.1 城乡一体化的公交客流出行特征 ................................................................... 6

§2.1.1 客流来源与构成 ....................................................................................... 6

§2.1.2 乘客出行特征 ........................................................................................... 7

§2.1.3 客流分布特征 ........................................................................................... 7

§2.2 交通方式划分 ................................................................................................ 11

§2.2.1 Logit 模型 ................................................................................................ 12

§2.2.2 NL 模型 ................................................................................................... 12

§2.3 基于 Emme 的公交分配 ................................................................................ 16

§2.3.1 参数标定 ................................................................................................. 16

§2.3.2 分配过程 ................................................................................................. 17

§2.4 本章小结 ....................................................................................................... 19

第三章城乡一体化的公交网络优化原理 ................................................................ 20

§3.1 城乡一体化的公交网络系统 ......................................................................... 20

§3.1.1 城乡一体化的公交网络布局结构 .......................................................... 20

§3.1.2 城乡一体化的公交网络层次划分 .......................................................... 21

§3.2 相关优化理论 ................................................................................................ 23

§3.2.1 指导原则 ................................................................................................. 23

§3.2.2 优化目标 ................................................................................................. 23

§3.2.3 约束条件 ................................................................................................. 24

§3.2.4 优化思路 ................................................................................................. 24

§3.2.5 优化模型 ................................................................................................. 24

§3.2.6 模型求解 ................................................................................................. 25

§3.2.7 遗传算法与蚂蚁算法的综合（GAAA） ............................................... 26

§3.3 本章小结 ....................................................................................................... 30

第四章城乡一体化的公交网络布局评价及调整 .................................................... 31

§4 .1 网络布设及优化 ............................................................................................ 31

§4.1.1 潜在公交走廊的识别 ............................................................................. 31

§4.1.2 主要节点的确定 ..................................................................................... 32

§4.1.3 网络整体优化 ......................................................................................... 34

§4.2 网络系统评价 ................................................................................................ 36

§4.2.1 评价指标 ................................................................................................. 36

§4.2.2 适应性综合评价方法 ............................................................................. 37

§4.3 本章小结 ....................................................................................................... 40

第五章瑞安公交网络优化实例 ............................................................................... 41

§5.1 瑞安市城乡公交发展现状分析 ..................................................................... 41

§5.1.1 瑞安市发展现状 ..................................................................................... 41

§5.1.2 公交发展概况 ......................................................................................... 41

§5.1.3 现状客运枢纽场站分析 .......................................................................... 42

§5.1.4 存在的主要问题 ..................................................................................... 42

§5.2 瑞安市城乡公交出行需求预测 ..................................................................... 43

§5.2.1 公交客运需求总量预测 .......................................................................... 43

§5.2.2 公交内部分担方式预测 .......................................................................... 43

§5.2.3 现状人口 ................................................................................................. 44

§5.2.4 交通小区划分 ......................................................................................... 45

§5.2.5 现状 OD 全矩阵推算 .............................................................................. 46

§5.3 瑞安市城乡公交网络优化调整 ..................................................................... 47

§5.3.1 公交线网结构 ......................................................................................... 48

§5.3.2 重要节点分析 ......................................................................................... 48

§5.3.3 公交线网优化 ......................................................................................... 49

§5.3.4 公交网络优化方案生成 .......................................................................... 51

§5.4 瑞安市公交网络优化评价............................................................................. 53

§5.4.1 公交网络结构分析 ................................................................................. 53

§5.4.2 公交网络总体评价 ................................................................................. 53

§5.5 本章小结 ....................................................................................................... 54

第六章结论与展望 ................................................................................................... 55

§6.1 论文总结 ....................................................................................................... 55

§6.2 改进与展望 .................................................................................................... 55

参考文献 .................................................................................................................... 56

在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 ........................................... 59

致谢 ........................................................................................................................ 60

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摘要：

声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下,独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已注明引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经公开发表或撰写过的作品成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本声明的法律责任由本人承担。学位论文作者签名：年月日摘要目前，我国正处于城市反哺农村、农村产业化和城市郊区化并存的关键阶段。为了能够更好的适应城乡居民对出行服务质量和服务水平的要求，需要对城乡公交进行优化调整，使其真正承担起运输城乡客流的任务，为城乡居民提供舒适、经济、安全、方便的运输服务。对城乡一体化的公交进行优化调整，关键是进行科学规划，形成不同级别公交...

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