外资银行进入对中资商业银行绩效的影响与对策研究

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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

III

摘要

外资银行进入是开放型经济的产物，是不可逆转的历史大趋势。自我国开放

银行业以来，外资银行通过入股中资商业银行或在我国设立机构等方式逐步进入

我国金融市场。随着外资银行进入深度的加大，它们在我国金融体系中占有的地

位越来越重要。中资商业银行是我国金融业的主体，也是我国国民经济的命脉。

外资银行的进入对中资商业银行的发展既带来了新机遇又带来了新挑战。一方面，

外资银行进入有利于引进先进技术以加快我国商业银行金融创新的步伐，有利于

提高我国商业银行的经营管理水平，有利于弥补我国商业银行资本金的不足，有

利于推进我国商业银行的股份制改造；另一方面，我国银行业的开放将加剧外资

银行抢夺中资商业银行的优质客户，中资商业银行将面临生存空间的挑战，同时

外资银行大量入股中资商业银行将会增加中资商业银行控制权丧失的潜在风险。

2006 年12 月11 日，我国加入世贸组织的过渡期结束。我国从此进入对外资

银行全面开放的时期，外资银行与中资商业银行的全面竞争正式开始，外资银行

进入对中资商业银行带来的机遇和挑战越来越明显。在这些机遇和挑战之下，中

资商业银行进行相应的和有效的改革、我国政府采取有力的支持和保障措施，就

成为保证中资商业银行进一步发展的关键。绩效是商业银行生存和发展的基石。

因此，我们要做好改革、支持和保障工作就首先应深入了解外资银行进入对中资

商业银行绩效的影响。只有这样我们采取的应对措施才能更具有针对性、实质性

和有效性。基于这一指导思想，本文运用理论分析和实证分析相结合的研究方法，

从产业组织理论、产权论和超产权论的角度，在深入分析外资银行与中资商业银

行之间的竞争优势、竞争与合作行为的基础上，通过建立计量经济模型，综合分

析了外资银行进入对中资商业银行经营绩效的影响，进而提出了相应的对策和建

议。

本文运用 1996～2006 年我国 19 家具有代表性的商业银行的面板数据建立个

体固定效应模型，用以实证研究外资银行进入对我国中资商业银行的盈利能力、

经营效率和抗风险能力等绩效表现的影响。实证结果显示，在短期内，由于主要

受国内严格利率管制的限制，再加上中资商业银行长期以来收入的单一化——主

要是利差收入，外资银行进入对中资商业银行的净利息收入率和税前利润率的影

响目前还不显著，但外资银行的进入增加了中资商业银行的经营费用率和资本充

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

足率，这说明外资银行进入的技术示范效应和学习效应已经很明显，中资商业银

行面对外资银行的进入正在积极改善自身抗风险的能力；并且我国宏观经济形势

的变化对我国中资商业银行的绩效影响很大；另外由于中国银行业过度垄断导致

的低效率，单纯用市场结构理论并不能很好地解释中资商业银行的绩效变化。基

于上述结论，本文认为，面对外资银行的全面进入，中资商业银行要获得持续发

展，必须加强自身建设、全面提升自身竞争力；政府及其他监管当局还应该积极

改善中资商业银行经营的外部环境，为中资商业银行与外资银行开展公平、健康、

安全和稳健的竞争与合作提供法律和政策上的保证。

关键词：中资商业银行；外资银行；银行业开放；经营绩效；竞争力

ABSTRACT

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

Foreign banks’ entry results from open economy and it is an irreversible historic

tendency. Since China open the banking Sector, foreign banks have gradually entered

China’s financial market through equity participation in Chinese commercial banks or

institution in China. With the increasing depth of their entry, foreign banks’ status in

China’s financial system has become more and more important. Chinese commercial

banks are main bodies of China’s financial industry, and also are lifelines of our national

economy. Foreign banks’ entry will bring new opportunities and new challenges for the

development of Chinese commercial banks. On one hand, foreign banks’ entry will help

introduce advanced technology to speed up Chinese commercial banks’ financial

innovation, raise the management level of Chinese commercial banks, make up for

capital deficiencies of Chinese commercial banks, and promote Chinese commercial

banks the joint-stock system reforming; one the other hand, the opening of Chinese

banking sector will intensify foreign banks to scramble Chinese commercial banks’ high

quality customers, Chinese commercial banks will be confronted with the challenges of

living space, while a large number of foreign banks to become shareholders of Chinese

commercial banks will increase the potential risk that Chinese commercial banks lose

themselves’ control power.

On December 11, 2006, the transition period of our country joining the World

Trade Organization was over. Our country enters full opening period to the foreign

banks from that time, foreign banks and Chinese commercial banks’ opportunities and

challenges deriving from foreign banks entry become increasingly evident. Under these

opportunities and challenges, Chinese commercial banks carry on corresponding and

effective reforms, and our government takes effectively supporting and protecting

measures, which become the key that guarantees Chinese commercial banks to further

develop. Operating performance is the cornerstone of commercial banks’ survival and

development. Therefore, if we want to do the reforming, supporting and protecting

works well, we should firstly thoroughly understand the impacts of foreign bank’s entry

on the operating performance of Chinese commercial banks. Only in this way can we

take the corresponding measures more having pertinence, substantiality and validity.

Based on this guiding ideology, the paper uses the research method of combining

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

theoretical analysis and empirical analysis, from these perspectives of the theory of

industrial organization, the theory of property rights and the theory of ultra-property

rights, on the foundations of deeply analyzing competitive advantages, competitive and

cooperative behaviors between foreign banks and Chinese commercial banks, by

establishing econometric models, comprehensively analyzes the impacts of foreign

banks’ entry on the operating performance of Chinese commercial banks, and then puts

forward the corresponding countermeasures and proposals.

This paper use Chinese 19 representative commercial banks’ panel data to establish

individual fixed-effect model, in order to empirically study the impact of foreign banks

entry on performances’ representation on the profitability, efficiency and anti-risk ability.

Empirical evidences show that, in short-term, mainly because of the restrictions of strict

control over interest rates, in addition Chinese commercial banks’ income long was

simplified——income was mainly spread, foreign banks’ entry has no remarkable

influence to net interest income and pre-tax profit margin rate of Chinese commercial

banks at present; but foreign banks’ entry increases Chinese commercial banks’

operating expenses rate and capital adequacy rate, this indicates that the technology

demonstration effect and learning effect from foreign banks’ entry are very clear, and

facing foreign banks entry, Chinese commercial banks are actively improving own

ability to resist risks under foreign banks’ entry; and also the varieties of our country’s

macroscopical economic position dramatically affect the operating performance of

Chinese commercial banks; in addition because of the low efficiencies resulted in

excessive monopolization of Chinese banking, only using the theory of market’s

structure can’t explain the varieties of the operating performance of Chinese

commercial banks very good. Based on the conclusion above, the paper believes that,

facing foreign banks’ all-round entry, Chinese commercial banks can obtain sustainable

development, they must strengthen self-construction and upgrade their competitive

ability; the government and other regulator authorities should also actively improve the

external environment in which Chinese commercial banks manage, provide the

guarantees in legal and policy for developing fair, healthy, safe and dovish competitions

and cooperations between Chinese banks and foreign banks.

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

VII

Keywords: Chinese commercial banks; foreign banks; banking open; operating

performances; competitive ability

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

VIII

第一章导论·················································································································· 1

第一节选题的背景与意义··················································································· 1

第二节基本概念的界定 ······················································································ 2

第三节国内外相关研究文献综述······································································· 3

第四节本文的研究方法、结构安排及创新之处 ··············································· 9

第二章外资银行进入对东道国商业银行绩效影响的理论分析······························ 12

第一节外资银行进入他国的动因分析····························································· 12

第二节商业银行绩效决定因素的理论分析 ····················································· 16

第三节外资银行进入影响东道国商业银行绩效的外部因素·························· 22

第四节外资银行进入影响东道国商业银行绩效的内部因素·························· 25

第三章外资银行针对中资商业银行的经营行为分析 ············································· 30

第一节外资银行在我国的发展历程及现状 ····················································· 30

第二节外资银行与中资商业银行竞争优势的比较 ········································· 33

第三节外资银行与中资商业银行的竞争与合作 ············································· 38

第四章外资银行进入对中资商业银行绩效影响的实证分析 ································· 47

第一节待检验假说 ···························································································· 47

第二节计量模型的构建 ···················································································· 48

第三节实证结果及其分析················································································· 53

第四节本章的结论与启示················································································· 58

第五章银行业开放形势下中资商业银行发展的对策建议 ····································· 61

第一节全面提高中资商业银行的竞争力 ························································· 61

第二节积极改善商业银行经营的外部环境 ····················································· 68

结论·········································································································································· 73

参考文献······················································································································ 74

附录：实证研究的基础财务指标数据列示··························································· 80

致谢·························································································································· 86

图、表目录

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摘要：

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文III摘要外资银行进入是开放型经济的产物，是不可逆转的历史大趋势。自我国开放银行业以来，外资银行通过入股中资商业银行或在我国设立机构等方式逐步进入我国金融市场。随着外资银行进入深度的加大，它们在我国金融体系中占有的地位越来越重要。中资商业银行是我国金融业的主体，也是我国国民经济的命脉。外资银行的进入对中资商业银行的发展既带来了新机遇又带来了新挑战。一方面，外资银行进入有利于引进先进技术以加快我国商业银行金融创新的步伐，有利于提高我国商业银行的经营管理水平，有利于弥补我国商业银行资本金的不足，有利于推进我国商业银行的股份制改造；另一方面，我国银行业的开放将加剧外资银行抢夺...

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