跨境电商农产品质量安全问题研究

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3.0 侯斌 2025-01-09 9 4 2.73MB 77 页 15积分

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摘要

“疆域有界，商贸无边”。近年来跨境电商发展火热，尤其在农产品领域，

增速更为突出。然而，由于农产品关乎人民生命健康，一系列曝光的食品安全事

件，不仅危害了国民的身体健康，对产业发展和国家声誉也产生恶劣影响。质量

安全问题成为跨境农产品电商发展的关键。我国跨境农产品电商若要得到长足发

展，不仅要靠价优，更需要交易全程的质量监控，才能提高国际信誉度，增加出

口交易额。

本文首先对国内外农产品质量安全的文献进行研究，了解了国际上通用的质

量安全认证标准。结合对我国目前农产品质量安全现状的调查，发现存在以下问

题：相关法规和标准与国际脱轨、监督管理不规范、出入境流程繁琐、信息追溯

体系不完善、冷链物流技术落后、各种类型的贸易壁垒等；通过建立 AHP（层次

分析法）[1~3]模型，对影响跨境电商农产品质量安全的因子进行分析得出：跨境电

商农产品质量安全关键因素在于冷运占比和通关流程。文章结尾，选取“我买网”

和“顺丰优选”两个跨境农产品电商网站进行案例分析，得出我国今后的跨境电

商农产品质量安全管理措施主要在于：加快物流体系建设；提高跨境通关效率；

鼓励农业科技创新；促进我国跨境农产品电商法律及标准化发展；加强消费者食

品安全知识普及。

本文对我国跨境电商农产品质量安全问题进行研究，分析了我国跨境电商农

产品质量安全问题产生的关键因素，并通过案例实证分析，最后提出相应解决策

略。文章独特之处在于将农产品贸易质量问题与跨境电商结合，衍生出对跨境电

子商务中农产品质量安全问题的探讨，是符合时代发展需求的创新性课题。

该文对传统农产品贸易开拓网络渠道所产生的质量问题进行分析，为信息化

背景下我国建立健全跨境电商农产品的质量安全管理体系提供理论依据；为更好

的提升我国农产品的国际竞争力、健全我国监管体系、实施涉农电商企业走出去

战略提出了实践性意见。

关键字：跨境电商农产品质量安全因素分析

ABSTRACT

“Territory bounded, trade endless”, in recent years, the cross-border electricity has

a rapid development, especially in the field of agricultural products, growth is more

outstanding. However, due to the agricultural products affect human life and health,

product quality and safety problem has become the restrict factor of cross-border

electricity agricultural development. Our country in order to gain a foothold in the

international market of agricultural products, not only depends on the price, highly

quality control is also needed to improve international credibility and export

transactions.

Firstly, this paper has understood the general international quality and safety

certification standards by studying the literature of domestic and foreign agricultural

products quality and safety management, and then through the investigation of our

country’s status quo of the agricultural products quality and safety management, we

have found the following problems: inadequate legal, neglect of duty, complex inbound

and outbound process, imperfect information tracing system and outdated technology in

cold chain logistics, various types of trade barriers etc. Then through the establishment

of AHP (analytic hierarchy process)[1~3] model for factor analysis conclusion on the

impact of cross-border e-commerce of agricultural products quality and safety, The

results shows that the key factors of cross-border e-commerce of agricultural products

quality and safety is the cold logistics and customs clearance procedures In the end of

the article, through analyzing of the business case on “www.womai.com” and

“www.sfbest.com” cross-border agricultural products website, We have concluded that

the future of China's agricultural products quality and safety management of

cross-border business measures mainly lies in: speeding up the construction of logistics

system; improve cross-border clearance efficiency; encouraging innovation of

agricultural science and technology; promoting cross-border legal and standardization

of agricultural products business China's development; strengthening consumer food

safety knowledge.

This paper studies the cross-border electricity in our country agricultural product

quality safety problems，it analyzes the cross-border electricity law of produce quality

safety problems of the key factors and the empirical case. Finally this research puts

forward the strategies to solve these problems. It is the innovation of the article that

considers the quality of agricultural products trade and cross-border electricity at the

same time. Then this paper discusses the agricultural product quality safety problems of

cross-border e-commerce. This study is an innovative subject of can meet the demand of

times development.

This paper analyzed the traditional agricultural products trade development quality

problems arising from the network channels, have put forward practical implementation

opinions of providing a theoretical basis for the establishment of agricultural products

quality safety supervision system in the information age in our country; enhancing the

international competitiveness of China's agricultural products; perfecting the

management system and dong the gong out strategy.

Key Word: cross-border electronic commerce, agricultural products,

quality and safety, factor analysis

中文摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章绪论 ......................................................... 1

1.1 研究背景和意义 ................................................ 1

1.1.1 研究背景 ................................................ 1

1.1.2 研究意义 ................................................ 2

1.2 国内外研究现状 ................................................ 2

1.2.1 国内研究现状 ............................................ 2

1.2.2 国外研究现状 ............................................ 3

1.3 研究方法与内容框架 ............................................ 5

1.3.1 研究方法 ................................................ 5

1.3.2 研究内容及文章框架 ...................................... 5

1.4 本文的创新点及不足 ............................................ 7

1.5 本章小结 ...................................................... 8

第二章相关概念简述 .................................................. 9

2.1 农产品及其质量安全 ............................................ 9

2.2 农产品质量安全体系 ............................................ 9

2.2.1 农产品质量安全认证体系 .................................. 9

2.2.2 农产品质量安全检测体系 ................................. 10

2.2.3 农产品质量安全追溯体系 ................................. 10

2.3 跨境农产品电子商务 ........................................... 10

2.3.1 跨境农产品电商内涵 ..................................... 10

2.3.2 跨境农产品电商特点 ..................................... 12

2.3.3 跨境农产品电商主要模式 ................................. 13

2.4 跨境电商与传统国际贸易农产品质量管理的区别 ................... 14

2.4.1 跨境电商农产品交易复杂性 ............................... 14

2.4.2 跨境电商农产品交易虚拟性 ............................... 15

2.4.3 跨境电商农产品交易不确定性 ............................. 15

2.5 本章小结 ..................................................... 16

第三章跨境电商农产品质量安全管理现状与问题 ......................... 17

3.1 跨境电商农产品质量安全管理现状 ............................... 17

3.1.1 跨境电商进出口食品管理主体 ............................. 17

3.1.2 跨境电商进口食品安全管理现状 ........................... 17

3.1.3 跨境电商出口食品安全管理现状 ........................... 17

3.2 跨境电商农产品质量安全主要问题 ............................... 18

3.2.1 农产品法律及标准与国际脱轨 ............................. 18

3.2.2 相关监督不到位 ......................................... 20

3.2.3 出入境流程冗杂 ......................................... 21

3.2.4 信息追溯体系不完善 ..................................... 22

3.2.5 冷链物流技术落后 ....................................... 23

3.2.6 各类非关税贸易壁垒阻碍 ................................. 24

3.3 本章小结 ..................................................... 25

第四章跨境电商农产品质量安全影响因素分析 ........................... 26

4.1 数据来源 ..................................................... 26

4.1.1 调研思路 ............................................... 26

4.1.2 调研对象 ............................................... 26

4.1.3 调研范围 ............................................... 26

4.1.4 调研方法 ............................................... 27

4.2 数据统计 ..................................................... 27

4.2.1 准则层确立 ............................................. 27

4.2.2 指标层确立 ............................................. 28

4.2.3 层次分析指标体系 ....................................... 29

4.3 指标内容界定 ................................................. 30

4.3.1 货源组织 ............................................... 30

4.3.2 仓储物流 ............................................... 30

4.3.3 报关报检 ............................................... 30

4.3.4 销售服务 ............................................... 30

4.4 AHP 模型分析 ................................................. 31

4.4.1 AHP 模型介绍 ............................................ 31

4.4.2 具体分析步骤 ........................................... 32

4.5 结论分析 ..................................................... 37

4.6 本章小结 ..................................................... 40

第五章案例分析 ..................................................... 41

5.1 我买网 ....................................................... 41

5.1.1 企业概况 ............................................... 41

5.1.2 物流特点 ............................................... 42

5.1.3 优势与挑战 ............................................. 42

5.2 顺丰优选 ..................................................... 42

5.2.1 企业介绍 ............................................... 43

5.2.2 物流特点 ............................................... 43

5.2.3 优势与挑战 ............................................. 43

5.3 质量安全管理措施 ............................................. 44

5.3.1 冷链运输 ............................................... 45

5.3.2 通关优化 ............................................... 47

5.3.3 仓库管理系统 ........................................... 48

5.3.4 质量认证 ............................................... 50

5.4 结论与启示 ................................................... 50

5.5 本章小结 ..................................................... 51

第六章跨境农产品电商质量安全管理对策 ............................... 52

6.1 物流管理 ..................................................... 52

6.1.1 加强冷链建设 ........................................... 52

6.1.2 物流管理平台搭建 ....................................... 53

6.2 供应链及通关流程优化 ......................................... 54

6.3 科技创新 ..................................................... 54

6.3.1 农产品质量安全检测技术创新 ............................. 54

6.3.2 出口农产品品质创新 ..................................... 54

6.4 加强标准化建设 ............................................... 55

6.5 立法与征信 ................................................... 55

6.6 消费者维权 ................................................... 56

6.6.1 消费者维权案例 ......................................... 56

6.6.2 消费者维权举措 ......................................... 57

6.7 本章小结 ..................................................... 57

第七章结论与展望 ................................................... 58

7.1 小结 ......................................................... 58

7.2 研究展望 ..................................................... 59

参考文献 ............................................................ 60

在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 ...................... 63

致谢 ................................................................ 64

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