汉英文化差异与西湖景点介绍的英译——— 从奈达的功能对等理论角度
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硕士学位论文
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ABSTRACT
This thesis is an attempt to give an in-depth analysis of the existing problems in the
English translation of Chinese scenic-spot introductions ,and on the basis of the analysis,
tentative solutions are suggested, which are based on the two essential notions of Nida’s
functional equivalence theory. The author hopes that the translation quality of
scenic-spot introductions can be improved, and more researches in this specialized field
will be made in the future by translators in our country.
This thesis is composed of four chapters:
Chapter One reviews the literature related to the present study at home and abroad.
Chinese scholars, translators, professors and graduates have conducted a lot of
researches in this field by adopting different approaches, for example: cultranslation
approach, contrastive text analysis approach, functionalist approach, translation practice
approach. The overseas researchers have discussed the translation of scenic-spot
introductions from the perspectives of sociolinguistics, genre analysis and contrastive
text analysis. Indeed, these practices can help a translator to get some hints during
translation process, but they can not provide a systematic theory to guide the translator’s
mind, and few do it comprehensively and thoroughly, especially the study on that of the
existing problems and possible solutions in theoretical level.
Chapter Two is the theoretical foundation, in which the development of
equivalence theory is introduced. Among them Nida’s functional equivalence theory is
given special attention. The two essential notions of his theory are “equivalence” and
“receptors’ response”. Different from most of the earlier approaches to translation
focused on the relationship of the source text to the target text, Nida’s theory introduces
the receptors’ response to evaluate the quality of a translated text. After expounding
Nida’s functional equivalence theory, the present author concludes the following three
practical implications: 1) Receptors’ response shall be the criterion of judging the
validity of translation; 2) In translation, enough attention should be paid to cultural
factors, since biculturalism is more important than bilingualism; 3) Adjustment is
necessary when there exist linguistic and cultural differences between the source text
and the target text. In general, the differences in culture give rise to more important
adjustments than the differences in language.
硕士学位论文
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Chapter Three analyzes the existing problems in the English translation of Chinese
scenic-spot introductions from cultural translation angle. First, the definition of culture
implies that translation is not only a process of transforming language symbols, but also
a process of conveying culture. The translation of scenic spots introductions is heavily
colored by with the culture of the source language. Then, the author divides the cultural
difference between Chinese and English into seven aspects as followings: language,
history, tradition, customs, mode of thinking, and aesthetic tastes. The author sticks to
this point which greatly influences the translation quality of scenic-spot introductions:
cultural factor. To achieve a good translation of scenic-spot introduction, a
comprehensive command of two cultures is particularly required.
Chapter Four tackles these problems in translation of West Lake scenic-spot
introductions by applying Nida’s functional equivalence theory. Translation techniques
based on the notions of equivalence and receptors’ response are suggested to solve these
problems. Firstly, four translation techniques based on the notion of equivalence are
suggested, namely, literal translation, literal translation with annotation, transliteration
with annotation, and transliteration and literal translation with annotation literal
translation .Secondly, three translation techniques based on the notion of receptors’
response are provided, namely, analogy, deletion or omission, and paraphrase. Finally,
in order to improve the translation quality, it is necessary to approach this issue from the
macro perspective involving the whole society. For example, greater efforts should be
made to help people see the importance of the English translation of Chinese
scenic-spot introductions; more training institutions should be established to train
professional translators; a more efficient monitoring system should be established.
In the concluding part, the present author generalizes the major findings of the
present thesis. Firstly, the present thesis argues the feasibility of applying Nida’s
functional equivalence theory to the English translation of Chinese scenic-spot
introductions and introduces an applicable theory to guide the research. Secondly, the
examples used in the present thesis are mainly from examples cited by other scholars in
periodical journals and some first-hand materials colleted by the author by visiting some
major scenic spots in West Lake, which are real and typical. The author hopes that this
study can arouse attention to the quality improvement of the English translation of
Chinese scenic-spot introductions so as to disseminate Chinese beautiful scenery and
culture worldwide. Owing to the limited space of the present thesis, and the author’s
inadequate knowledge, certain deficiencies can not be avoided in the present thesis. For
硕士学位论文
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example, the classification of the existing problems in the English translation of Chinese
scenic-spot introductions may not be proper enough and with regard to the argument of
receptors’ response, this thesis proves its measurability only from the specific function
of scenic-spot introductions without further experimental support, which leaves much
space for future efforts.
Key Words: scenic-spot introductions; functional equivalence; cultural differences;
Hangzhou West Lake
硕士学位论文
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硕士学位论文
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摘要
当前国内旅游景点介绍不正确、不规范的翻译比比皆是，本文致力于汉英文
化差异与旅游景点介绍英译的研究。作者从汉英文化差异的角度分析了景点翻译
中存在的困难，并以奈达的功能对等理论为理论框架，从功能对等理论的两个主
要概念——对等、读者反应——角度出发，结合实际，对杭州西湖景点介绍的英
译提出应对性的解决办法。
本文共分为四章：
第一章，回顾了国内外旅游景点介绍翻译研究的现状。国内对旅游景点介绍
汉译英这一领域的研究角度有：文化翻译观、篇章对比分析、功能主义、翻译实
践。国外对于旅游景点介绍翻译的研究主要从社会语言学、体裁分析、篇章对比
分析等角度进行研究。这些研究的确能够使译者在翻译过程中得到启发，但却缺
乏系统的理论体系来指导翻译实践，而且对当前中文旅游景点介绍英译领域出现
的问题却少有全面的归纳总结，更缺乏从理论的高度提出的解决办法。
第二章是理论框架，介绍了等效理论在国内外的发展状况并重点分析了本文
的理论基础——奈达的“功能对等”理论。本文在研究奈达功能对等理论的基础
上，总结出该理论的两个核心概念：对等和读者反应。笔者认为在翻译过程中，
衡量译文的标准应从对等和读者反应两个方面去考虑。在旅游景点翻译中，对于
译者而言，“双文化能力”比“双语言能力”更为重要；文化差别与语言差别相比，
前者会引起更为重大的调整，由此为本文从文化差异角度来解决旅游景点英译中
出现的问题提供了坚实的理论基础。
第三章，从中英文化差异这个比较宏观的基础上论述翻译中存在的困难,以文
化差异为根据，作者将对汉英文化的差异进行了分析、归纳、总结。首先就文化
与翻译的相互关系来看，翻译过程就是文化传播的过程。其次，景点介绍包含丰
富的历史文化背景，其翻译必然离不开文化的传达。最后，作者分别从语言、历
史、传统、习惯、思维方式和审美情趣七个方面具体分析了中西文化的差异，以
及在景点介绍翻译中出现的问题。
第四章，从功能对等理论的两个主要概念——对等、读者反应——角度出发，
对西湖景点介绍的英译提出尝试性的解决办法。根据奈达功能对等理论的两个主
要概念，首先，基于对等概念提出了四种翻译技巧：直译、直译加注解、音译加
注解以及音译加直译加注解。其次，基于读者反应概念提出三种翻译技巧：类比、
省译和释义。在从微观翻译技巧层面上探讨之后，作者又从宏观层面上提出了尝
试性的解决办法，如加强旅游景点介绍翻译重要性的认识，培养合格的译者及加
强相关部门的有效监督等。
硕士学位论文
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最后综述了本文所进行的研究，关于西湖景点翻译研究很少，而从汉英文化
的差异的角度，以功能对等翻译理论去对其进行研究则是一个新的尝试。从文化
差异角度去研究翻译则肯定会使旅游翻译更好地体现文化的交流，从一种比较客
观全面的角度去研究翻译，并用于翻译实践，必定会对旅游事业起到更大的促进
作用。通过本文的研究，有助于加强对旅游景点介绍翻译重要性的认识，引起社
会各界对于这一领域的广泛关注，从而促进旅游景点介绍汉译英质量的提高。
关键词：旅游景点介绍；功能对等；文化差异；杭州西湖
硕士学位论文
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Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................1
Chapter 1 Literature Review..........................................................................................5
1.1 Previous Researches on Scenic-Spot Translation................................................5
1.2 Limitations of the Previous Researches.............................................................11
Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework..............................................................................12
2.1 An Overview of Translation Equivalence..........................................................12
2.2 A General Introduction of Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory...................14
2.3 Two Essential Notions of Nida’s Theory...........................................................17
2.4 Functional-Equivalence Principles in Receptor-Oriented C-E Translation.......21
Chapter 3 Cultural Differences and Scenic-Spot Translation...................................23
3.1 Culture and Translation.....................................................................................23
3.2 Differences between Chinese Culture and English Culture...............................30
Chapter 4 Possible Solutions to the Translation of West Lake Scenic-Spot
Introductions............................................................................................41
4.1 Translation Techniques Based on the Notion of Equivalence...........................42
4.2 Translation Techniques Based on the Notion of Receptors’ Response.............48
Conclusion......................................................................................................................55
Bibliography...................................................................................................................58
硕士学位论文
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硕士学位论文
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Introduction
1. The Significance of This Thesis
The growth of tourism has become a contemporary phenomenon experienced by
all countries in the world. Since the early 1980s, the reform and opening-up policy has
been boosting the development of China’s tourist industry. Thanks to its rich tourism
resources: high mountains, elegant rivers, springs and waterfalls, mysterious oriental
culture, etc. China attracts a large number of foreign tourists every year. After entering
WTO and the country’s successfully hosting the 2008 Olympic Games, China will
attract more and more foreign tourists in the years to come. China, according to
Tourism 2020 Vision, with her beauty and charm of historical sites and cultural relics
as well as natural scenery, is predicted to be the world’s largest tourism destination by
2020. English, as the global language, has become the most important language in
receiving foreign tourists. The fast developing tourist industry requires not only
diversified tourism resources, convenient transportation, comfortable accommodation
and nice food, but also an appropriate language to “make the attractions more
attractive”. （何道宽, 1995:52）
Catering to the needs of foreign tourists, publishers of all levels in China,
including tour companies, travel agencies, publishing houses of various sorts have
produced a large number of tourist materials for foreign tourists’ reference, such as
guidebooks and tourist brochures written in both Chinese and English. Tourist
materials extend a large scope, including various materials which introduce China’s
tourist industry and tourism resources, with average tourists as readers, such as
scenic-spot introductions, tourist advertisements, notices and public signs in scenic
spots, tour schedules, and couplets hung on the columns of the tourist attractions, etc.
“Scenic-spot introductions, as one of the most important types of tourist materials,
form the hard nut for translation.” （方梦之,毛忠明, 2005:274）The English
translation of Chinese scenic-spot introductions serves as a bridge between China and
the rest of the world. The elegant renderings are quiet tour guides telling the beautiful
scenery and abundant cultural heritage in beautiful and fluent English, which will
arouse the potential tourists’ interests and hence has a direct impact on the promotion
of tourism.
硕士学位论文
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However, it is by no means easy to translate Chinese scenic-spot introductions
into English. Owing to the cultural differences between China and the western
countries, many difficulties occur and get in the way of the process of
mutual-understandings. Many translators are accustomed to rendering scenic-spot
introductions based on Chinese mindset and ways of expressions, which results in
inaccuracies and mistakes in translated texts and weakens the effectives of publicity to
the outside world. In today’s China, the translation quality of scenic-spot introductions
is far from satisfactory due to countless spelling mistakes, grammatical mistakes and
cultural misinterpretations, etc. These poor renderings will make a bad impression on
the foreign tourists. Therefore, the study on this topic is extremely necessary and
imperative. It is true that a few articles in this field have mushroomed in recent years,
but most of them are written by the practitioners out of their translation experience
and fail to provide a systematic and theoretical analysis of the existing problems in the
English translation of Chinese scenic-spot introductions and provide effective
solutions to these problems. It is of great significance to make an in-depth research on
this topic probing into the problems and managing to improve the quality of translated
texts.
In recent years, more and more translation scholars have recognized the
significance of translation theories to translation practice. The translation of Chinese
scenic-spot introductions is no exception. Therefore, in the present thesis, Nida’s
functional equivalence theory is taken as a rationale and English renderings of
Chinese scenic-spot introductions as examples in an attempt to expound the existing
problems. Then provide some possible solutions and demonstrate that Nida’s
functional equivalence theory, contrary to some popular wrong assumptions, is
applicable to translation practice.
2. The Organization of This Thesis
The present thesis is composed of four chapters. Chapter one reviews the
literature related to the present study at home and abroad. Chapter two is the
theoretical framework, in which the development of equivalence theory is introduced.
Among them Nida’s functional equivalence theory is given special attention. Chapter
three analyzes the differences between Chinese and English cultures and existing
problems in the C-E translation of West Lake scenic-spot introductions. Chapter four
tackles these problems by applying Nida’s functional equivalence theory. Translation
techniques based on the notions of equivalence and receptors’ response are suggested
摘要：
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硕士学位论文IABSTRACTThisthesisisanattempttogiveanin-depthanalysisoftheexistingproblemsintheEnglishtranslationofChinesescenic-spotintroductions,andonthebasisoftheanalysis,tentativesolutionsaresuggested,whicharebasedonthetwoessentialnotionsofNida’sfunctionalequivalencetheory.Theauthorhopesthatthetranslatio...
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作者：周伟光
分类：高等教育资料
价格：150积分
属性：70 页
大小：404.1KB
格式：PDF
时间：2024-09-20
