多元系统理论下的林纾“不忠”翻译研究——以《吟边燕语》为例

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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

III

摘要

林纾的翻译是中国翻译史上一个非常值得研究的现象。国外的学者自 20 世纪

40 年代开始就已经对其进行了研究。在国外，当今对林纾翻译的研究属日本最盛，

其研究主要集中于对林纾翻译的文学批评和训诂学研究。在国内，对林纾翻译的

研究主要集中于其社会影响、翻译语言的风格、操作论等视角。林纾虽然是近代

中国历史上的一位翻译大家，但许多人却对他的“不忠”翻译诟病不已。而在国

内从多元系统论角度，对林纾的“不忠”翻译进行解释性的研究还远远不够。本

文通过介绍林纾及《吟边燕语》，对国内外的研究现状进行了回顾。接着通过选

取《吟边燕语》进行个案研究，本文试图用多元系统理论对林纾的“不忠”翻译

进行解释性研究。这对翻译研究和林纾的研究都有一定的意义。

基于伊凡·佐哈的多元系统论这个理论框架，笔者试图从两个角度对林纾的

翻译进行解释性研究—林纾所处的晚清时期的各种子系统对林纾翻译的影响，以

及晚清时期翻译文学在文学多元系统的地位对林纾翻译的影响。笔者认为，为外

界所嗤之以鼻的“不忠”翻译是受晚清时期各种子系统以及翻译文学的地位影响

所造成的。为了加强本文的解释力，笔者采取了例证法对《吟边燕语》中的译文

进行分析,以使研究更具有说服力。

最后，笔者通过对《吟边燕语》的个案研究得出以下结论：首先，林纾的“不

忠”翻译在当时的时代背景之下是无法避免的。其次，将林纾的翻译贴上以“不

忠”的标签是不合理的，许多因素促成了他的“不忠”翻译。为了完成救国救民

的心愿，并且由于当时各种子系统的影响，林纾不得不采取“不忠”的翻译策略

来完成其历史使命,比如对原文的删除、对原文各小标题的改写等。同时，在《吟

边燕语》的翻译中，也有其“忠实”的一面。林纾在翻译中，大量使用了新词，

并受欧化影响，从而在某种程度上忠实地翻译了原文。此外，当时翻译文学的地

位也对林纾翻译策略的选择产生了巨大的影响。当时的翻译文学处于边缘地位，

因此林纾不得不采取偏向归化的翻译策略淡化原文外国风味，使其翻译能为国人

所接受。最后，林纾对于所翻译内容的选择并非随意为之，而是带有极大的目的

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

性。总之，本文认为，林纾的翻译看似是对原文的背叛和偏离，其实是对原文的

“誓死效忠”！

关键词：林纾；“不忠”翻译；多元系统；《吟边燕语》

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

Contents

Introduction………………………………………………….....…...………….………1

Chapter 1 Literature Review.....................................................................................4

1.1 Studies on Lin Shu and his Translations..........................................................4

1.2 Studies on Yinbian Yanyu................................................................................6

1.3 Summary.........................................................................................................9

Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework..........................................................................10

2.1 Development of Polysystem Theory..............................................................10

2.2 Key Concepts in Polysystem Theory..............................................................13

2.3 Position of Translated Literature within the Literary Polysystem..................19

2.4 Summary..................................................................................................... ...23

Chapter 3 Lin Shu's Translation Ideas and Tales from Shakespeare....................24

3.1 Lin Shu’s Translation Ideas............................................................................24

3.2 Tales from Shakespeare..................................................................................26

3.3 Yinbian Yanyu.................................................................................................27

3.4 Summary.........................................................................................................28

Chapter 4 Studies of Lin Shu's Yinbian Yanyu .....................................................29

4.1 Social Polysystem in Late Qing Period.........................................................29

4.2 An Analysis of Yinbian Yanyu with Polysystem Theory................................35

4.3 Acceptability and Adequacy in Yinbian Yanyu..............................................56

Conclusion…………………………………………;…………………………….64

Bibliography………………………………………;……………………………..68

Appendix………………………………………….………………………………71

Acknowledgments……………………………………………………..…………72

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

Introduction

1. Significance of the Research

Translation is a profound and complicated social behavior, which enjoys a history

of thousands of years. It may be safely said that translation appears shortly after

communication between human beings exists. Someone contends that translation is

probably the most complicated activity in the evolution of mankind history. Due to its

complexity and difficulty, there would be many extraordinary phenomena which want

analyzing and explaining.

And Lin Shu's translation is one of those "extraordinary phenomena" that need

further exploring. Since the very beginning, Lin Shu's translation has been controversial

among translation researchers. Some hold it is faithful, while others think it is rewriting

of the original texts. Though some have conducted researches on Lin Shu's translation,

it still needs further studying. The present author would attempt to construe the

"unfaithful" aspects of Lin's translation with the assistance of polysystem theory, which

would be some supplementations to the existing researches on Lin Shu. Besides, studies

of Yinbian Yanyu from polysystem perspective are not so many; therefore, the present

author's employment of Yinbian Yanyu as a case study in this thesis would at least make

a little contribution to researches on Yinbian Yanyu.

What is more, applying polysystem theory to the analysis and explanations of Lin

Shu's "unfaithful" translation is a further trial of employing western translation theory to

the settlement of Lin Shu's translation. Therefore, it would have some significance in

the verification of polysystem theory's applicability and practicability, thus promoting

further development of this theory.

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

Finally, as a fruit of the present author in postgraduate period, the thesis would

have some significance in applying the abstract theory into solving practical problems.

2. Research Methodology

The language data used in this thesis would be Yinbian Yanyu translated by Lin

Shu and Wei Yi, its English counterpart Tales from Shakespeare, and Xiewai Qitan of

Dawen Publishing House (another translation version of Tales from Shakespeare at the

same period with Lin's version).

The most prominent methodology employed in this thesis is the exemplification

one. For the purpose of justifying the objectivity of this thesis that Lin Shu's seemingly

"unfaithful" translation is essentially great faithful to the original text, the present author

would choose excerptions from Yinbian Yanyu and Tales from Shakespeare to analyze

and construe Lin's translation with two perspectives from polysystem theory.

What is more, the comparative methodology would also be used in this thesis. The

present author would compare the original texts with Lin Shu's translation to show

whether Lin's translation is really "unfaithful" or not. And a little comparative work

would be conducted between Yinbian Yanyu and Xiewai Qitan to further analyze Lin's

translation.

3. Organization of the Thesis

The thesis consists of the following parts:

The introduction part would be mainly the significance of the research and the

research methodology. Then comes the first main part of this thesis—literature review,

in which some researches inside and outside Chinese mainland about Lin Shu, his

translation and Yinbian Yanyu would be stated and commented by the present author.

Also, the disadvantages and defects of the previous researches on Lin Shu would be

presented in this part.

Chapter 2 is the theoretical foundation and framework of this thesis, which would

introduce the polysystem theory in detail, especially those 2 lines being used in the

explanation of Lin Shu's "unfaithful" translation. The development of polysystem theory

would be stated at first. Then the author would linger on some key concepts which are

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

the main frame of polysystem theory and crucial to this thesis. The position of the

translated literature within the literary polysystem would also be referred to for the

purpose of construing Lin Shu's translation under the background of the literary

polysystem.

In Chapter 3, Lin Shu's ideas on translation would be introduced at the beginning.

There are totally three translation ideas of Lin Shu's being stated here, namely,

"cunzhi(存旨)","zhidian(支点)" and "zuyin(足音)".Then Tales from Shakespeare and

Yinbian Yanyu would be introduced, because they are texts to be studied in this thesis..

At this point, all the preparation work of this thesis has been done. Then the most

important part of this thesis would kick off in the next chapter.

In Chapter 4, various systems among the polysystem of late Qing Dynasty must be

introduced to show the whole background of China in Lin Shu's time. They are social

system, linguistic system and literary system. The social system is mainly responsible

for the deletion and omission phenomenon in Lin Shu's translation; the linguistic system

is responsible for the phenomenon of new words and europeanization in Lin's

translation; and the literary system is mainly responsible for the plots change and title

translation in Lin's translation. Then the author would employ polysystem theory to

explain and construe Lin Shu "unfaithful" translation with excerptions from Yinbian

Yanyu. Since every translator would unconsciously adopt some translation strategies in

translation practice, Lin Shu would also have his preference of translation policy when

translating Yinbian Yanyu. Besides, adequacy and acceptability is directly linked to the

employment of translation strategy. Therefore, it would be necessary for the present

author to say some words about the adequacy and acceptability of Lin's translation of

Yinbian Yanyu.

The conclusion part would be followed in the next chapter. In this part, the author

would conclude what he has done in this thesis and review the whole research.

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

Chapter 1 Literature Review

1.1 Studies on Lin Shu and his Translations

Linshu, a distinguished literatus and special translator (he does not know any

foreign languages), contributes a lot in bridging Chinese society and the west through

his well-received literature translation. Though he does not know any foreign language,

he produces so many outstanding translations. Therefore, with great interest, many

scholars have conducted researches on this legendary phenomenon.

Early in the first half of the 20th century, many famous scholars have been devoted

to the studies of Lin Shu and his translation. Zheng Zhenduo(薛绥之张俊才,2010:145)

holds that we should not forget Lin Shu's contribution to China's modern literary in spite

of some defects in his translation. However, Zhuo Zuoren(2010) thinks that Lin's

attitude towards translation is extremely incorrect. He says, "He(Lin) translates Scott

and Dickens' works because their writing styles are somewhat similar with those of Han

Yu and Sima Qian. And the value of Scott and Dickens' works does not attract Lin."(薛

绥之张俊才,2010:168) In a word, in the early 20th century, studies of Lin Shu and his

translation are conducted on the level of personal assessment or personal preference.

Scholars mostly think highly of Lin's contributions in translation; while some may

suspect Lin's motivation of translation. Indeed, Lin Shu contributes a lot in the

translation of foreign literature, which has a tremendous impact on Chinese people.

However, the motivation of Lin's translation should be studied together with a series of

factors, such as social background, Lin's individual factors.

From the 1960s to the 1980s, studies of Lin Shu and his translation are still on the

rise. Among those researchers of Lin Shu's translation, A Ying and Kong Li are the

representatives. A Ying(阿英,1996:213) positions Lin's translation in Late Qing

literature, which makes Chinese stratum of intellectual have access to foreign literature,

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摘要：

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文III摘要林纾的翻译是中国翻译史上一个非常值得研究的现象。国外的学者自20世纪40年代开始就已经对其进行了研究。在国外，当今对林纾翻译的研究属日本最盛，其研究主要集中于对林纾翻译的文学批评和训诂学研究。在国内，对林纾翻译的研究主要集中于其社会影响、翻译语言的风格、操作论等视角。林纾虽然是近代中国历史上的一位翻译大家，但许多人却对他的“不忠”翻译诟病不已。而在国内从多元系统论角度，对林纾的“不忠”翻译进行解释性的研究还远远不够。本文通过介绍林纾及《吟边燕语》，对国内外的研究现状进行了回顾。接着通过选取《吟边燕语》进行个案研究，本文试图用多元系统理论对林纾的“不忠”翻译进行...

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