民航运输业市场竞争有效性研究

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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

摘要

放松管制、引入竞争是民航业体制改革的必走之路。体制改革 30 多年来，民

航运输业得到了一定的发展，但其放松管制、引入竞争的目标是否已经完全达到

了呢？众所周知，目前民航业仍是处于发改委和民航总局的严厉管制之下，是行

政性垄断和地区分割市场，并且存在阻碍相关产业发展的特殊利益集团。鉴此，

本文主要对当今体制下，民航业市场竞争的有效性进行探讨研究。

对于民航业竞争有效性的研究，本文重点从民航业市场竞争结构和竞争行为

两方面着手。关于民航业市场的竞争结构，本文主要是通过测算民航业的市场竞

争度来衡量。基于中国民航业特有的制度条件，从产权制度、政府管制、市场结

构、市场行为和市场绩效五个方面来来构建民航业市场竞争度衡量指标，综合衡

量了我国民航业的市场竞争度。经过分析得出，起初民航业严格管制的存在导致

了中国民航运输业低市场竞争度状态的出现。经过改革，中国民航运输业的历年

市场竞争度F值虽呈上升的趋势,但相对于国外，目前的市场竞争度水平还是处于

低水平阶段。这说明中国民航运输业的竞争有所加强，但有效地竞争结构还远未

构成。关于民航业市场的竞争行为，本文主要是选取了国航、东航和南航三大国

有航空公司为例，通过对民航运输业中三大国有航空公司超额利润的回归分析和

机票价格同步涨跌的实证分析来对民航运输业市场竞争行为进行计量检验。相比

于其他行业，三大国有航空公司可以获得超额的垄断利润，超额利润的获得是由

于航空公司滥用市场势力，且超额利润的存在也能够保证三大国有航空公司持续

有效地运用市场势力来阻止威吓现有竞争者和潜在竞争者，从而使民航运输业处

于低竞争的寡占垄断局面。同时，民航业还普遍存在机票价格合谋现象。通过统

计分析，三大国有航空公司之间存在一种削弱竞争的默契，从而制定非竞争性的

机票价格。经计量检验得出，低竞争度下的多市场竞争状态有利于各航空公司之

间相互沟通，使其更加熟悉彼此的行动策略, 在竞争策略上相互克制，减少了竞

争,缓和了竞争强度，进而可能导致他们之间的这种静默合作。

因此，无论从民航业市场的竞争结构来看，还是从民航业市场竞争的行为来

看，中国民航业市场竞争的有效性都不显著。所以，最后通过对民航业现状的研

究分析并借鉴世界其他国家成功的改革经验，对我国的民航运输业如何实现有效

竞争提供政策建议。

关键词：民航业；市场竞争；竞争有效性

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

ABSTRACT

Deregulation and introducing competition is what must be done in the civil

aviation system reform. In the 30 years of the civil aviation system reform, the civil

aviation has got unprecedented development, but the goals of deregulation and

introducing competition have completely achieved? As everyone knows, it still under

the strict control of the National Development and Reform Commission and the CAAC.

It is the market of administrative monopoly and area segmentation, and exist the

special interest groups to impede the relevant industry development. So，this paper

focuses on the research about the effectiveness of market competition under the current

system of civil aviation.

As to the study of competition effectiveness in civil aviation, this paper studies in

two aspects from the market competition structure and competition. This paper mainly

through the measurement of market competition to measure the market competition

structure in the civil aviation .Based on the characteristic system in the China Civil

Aviation, the index system is built by five aspects which are the Property system,

government regulation, market structure, market behavior and market performance.

The comprehensive index will measure the market competition of the civil aviation.

Through the analysis, we can draw a conclusion that, the low market competition is

caused by the strict control. Through the reform, the F-value of the market

competition degree appeared the rising trend, but it still at the low level compared with

foreign. This indicated that although it strengthened the competition, but effective

competition structure is far form in the China Civil Aviation. As to the market

competition behavior, this paper mainly selected three state-owned airlines, Air China

Limited, China Eastern Airlines and China Southern Airlines, for example. It will

make some measurement tests for the market competition behavior by analyses their

excess profit and the synchronously fluctuations of ticket price phenomenon.

Compared to other industries, three state-owned airlines can obtain excess profits.

Because the market power is abused by airline, and the excess profit can ensure them

to continue use it, which can prevent and intimidate existing and potential competitors

effectively. Thus, the civil aviation is always at the low competitive monopolistic

situation. At the same time, the phenomenon of the ticket-price collusion is prevailing

in the civil aviation. Through the statistical analysis, there are privities between the

three state-owned airlines, which weakens the competition and make the cooperative

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

III

price. Through the analysis, it shows that the low market competition can help to

communicate between airlines and familiar with each other. This competition strategy

will reduce the competition between them, which may lead to the silent cooperation.

Therefore, no matter from the structure of market competition or from market

competition behavior in the civil aviation, the effectiveness of market competition is

not significant. Finally, it will be provide suggestions for achieving competition

effectively through analyzing the current civil aviation and other countries in the

world.

Keywords: Civil Aviation; the Market Competition; the Effectiveness of

Competition

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摘要：

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文I摘要放松管制、引入竞争是民航业体制改革的必走之路。体制改革30多年来，民航运输业得到了一定的发展，但其放松管制、引入竞争的目标是否已经完全达到了呢？众所周知，目前民航业仍是处于发改委和民航总局的严厉管制之下，是行政性垄断和地区分割市场，并且存在阻碍相关产业发展的特殊利益集团。鉴此，本文主要对当今体制下，民航业市场竞争的有效性进行探讨研究。对于民航业竞争有效性的研究，本文重点从民航业市场竞争结构和竞争行为两方面着手。关于民航业市场的竞争结构，本文主要是通过测算民航业的市场竞争度来衡量。基于中国民航业特有的制度条件，从产权制度、政府管制、市场结构、市场行为和市场绩效五个方...

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