外商直接投资影响我国农业产业结构演变的机理研究

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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

摘要

市场化、产业化、现代化、国际化是世界各国农业发展的共同特点和趋势，

也是解决我国三农问题的根本出路。利用外商直接投资是促进农业产业化、现代

化、国际化的必然要求，因而也是解决我国三农问题的一个重要途径。“三农”问

题是我国当前和今后相当长的时间内需要着力解决的重点问题，而作为其核心的

农业产业结构演进问题必将成为破解此问题的重要突破口。针对农业资金长期投

入不足而导致的农业产业结构演进缓慢的现状，考虑到外商直接投资对农业产业

结构优化调整所具有的独特作用，我国鼓励和吸引农业外商直接投资的力度将日

益增强。但是，对于农业外商直接投资如何影响农业产业结构演变、影响程度如

何等这样的理论问题，目前的研究尚不多且结论也不明确，这对我国农业利用外

资以健康发展不利。因此，对这一机理问题的研究对于完善农业产业结构演变理

论、加快我国农业产业结构调整步伐、促进农业现代化发展、制订有效的农业外

资利用政策均具有重要的理论和实际意义。

首先，在文献综述的基础上总结了农业产业结构演变规律。认为现今农业产

业结构演变趋势已不仅表现为农业内部农林牧渔各业产值、数量比例结构的调整

和种植业内部各农作物种植面积、数量的改变，而且随着农业产业经营领域的扩

展向农业产业链各环节有效衔接、实现产业链条完善及延伸的方向发展。基于产

业链构建及延伸的农业产业结构演变是其未来的主要发展趋势，同时，这也为外

商直接投资进驻农业产业拓展了空间。

其次，通过对我国农业产业结构演变进程的考察，发现我国农业各部门比例

关系及部门内部结构不断得以优化、农业产业链在农业企业的推动下也在不断发

育，但现阶段农业产业结构的稳定性仍较高，调整速度缓慢的问题较突出，究其

原因，主要是农业发展资金投入不足、农业技术水平落后所致。

再次，分析外商直接投资在解决上述问题上的作用。认为农业领域引进外商

直接投资不仅有利于弥补国内农业产业资金投入的缺口，还能够利用其所独具的

技术、人力资本、管理经验及营销理念等方面的优势引导农业产业结构演变。农

业外商直接投资的规模、结构与我国农业各部门产值占比关系变化存在同步性的

特点也说明其对农业产业结构演变具有明显作用。

那么，外商直接投资对农业产业结构演变的作用是通过什么样的机理实现

的？首先，结合文献启示和我国农业生产领域利用外资的历史实践过程，分析外

商直接投资与我国农业产业结构演变的相关性，这是机理分析的一个前提条件。

文章利用灰色关联度的实证方法分析了农业外商直接投资和农业各部门产值占比

变化、部门内部产量结构变化的相关关系，实证结果表明两者之间存在较高的灰

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

色关联度，而且随着近年来农业外商直接投资的迅速增加而呈上升趋势。之后，

在证明两者有相关性的基础上，进一步探索外商直接投资是通过何种具体途径引

导我国农业产业结构演变的，以揭示两者相关关系成立的背后机制，并对可能的

实现途径给予了实证检验或相关案例说明，以增强机理分析的可信性。分析表明，

外商在农业产业部门的直接投资，可通过影响农产品贸易、农业技术改进、农业

产业链条的构建及延伸而深入影响并引导农业产业结构演变。具体分析主要围绕

农业产业链展开，外商在产业链前向、后向环节的投资可以改善农产品贸易结构、

有利于引进国际先进农业技术、有效延伸了农业产业链，从而实现了对农业整体

产业结构演变的影响，这也是农业产业结构未来演变的主要趋势。这部分是文章

的主要创新之处。

最后，文章在上述影响机理的指导下，结合实证结果，就外商直接投资引导

我国农业产业结构演变过程中所存在的问题提出政策建议。认为我国农业产业发

展过程中仍有较大的外资利用空间，应当加强农业领域高质量外商直接投资的引

进利用，同时，应有效引导其在农业领域的流向以发挥其在产业链条构建及延伸

方面的作用，以促进我国农业产业结构的合理化演进。

关键词：农业产业结构；演变；外商直接投资；农业产业链；机理

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

III

ABSTRACT

Marketization, industrialization and modernization and internationalization is

development trend and characteristic of the world agricultural, also is the fundamental

way to solve the issues concerning agriculture. The utilization of FDI is the need to

promote agricultural industrialization and modernization and internationalization, also

is the essential method to solve the issues concerning agriculture. Three agricultural

questions are the key problem to solve now and future, and agricultural structure is the

sally port to solve this problem. Under-investment of agricultural fiscal funds leads to

the backward evolution of, and Due to the unique role of FDI on the optimization and

adjustment of agricultural structure. Based on the phenomenon, the dynamics of

utilization of FDI will be strengthened day by day. But the study about the relationship

between FDI and optimization of agricultural industry structure is short; this will

undermine the health development of utilization of FDI. Therefore, the study about this

problem is important for perfecting agricultural structure theory and promoting the

development of agricultural modernization and formulating the policy of utilization of

FDI. We must explore the relationship between FDI and agricultural industry and

confirm the effect mechanism of FDI on the evolution of agricultural industry structure.

This problem is urgently to be solved.

First, in the literature review, the paper expounds the evolutive rules of

agricultural industry structure. Deeming that the evolutive trend of agricultural

industry structure has not only been bounded in the adjustment of agricultural internal

structure and farming structure. Meanwhile, we also found that the prolonging and

effective engagement of agriculture industry chain is the evolutive trend of agricultural

industry structure. This is also expanded the agricultural space of access of FDI.

Secondly, the paper does researches on the evolutive process of agricultural

structure. We find that the ratio of agricultural departments is promoting continually

along with the development of high quality and efficient agriculture and the agriculture

industry chain is forming day by day under the motivation of agricultural enterprises.

However, the stability of agricultural structure is so high that the pace of adjustment is

slow, which is conflicted with the rapid development demands of agricultural industry.

Thirdly, combining with the existing adjustment problems of agricultural structure,

it has analyzed the effective method-FDI. FDI is not only beneficial to make up for the

investment gap of agricultural capital, but also useful for its unique advantages of

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

advanced technique, human capital and marketing philosophy to lead the evolutive

process of agricultural structure. The investment structure of FDI is synchronous with

the change of agricultural departments ratio on agricultural production filed. Besides,

in the agriculture-related industries filed, FDI can provide support such as capital,

technique and marketing channel to construct and extend agriculture industry chain.

This is important to the evolution of agricultural structure.

Then, the paper analyzes guiding mechanism of FDI to the evolution of

agricultural structure. First, combining related apocalypse of literatures with the

process of FDI on the agriculture, and analyzing the relativity between FDI and the

evolution of agricultural structure. This is a precondition for analyzing the mechanism.

The paper uses Grey Relational Analysis method to analyses the relationship between

FDI and the change of agricultural departments ratio and department internal ratio,

indicating they have higher grey correlation, and the grey correlation is rapidly rising

with the add of FDI in agriculture. Later, on the basis of this relativity, exploring the

specific way which FDI guiding the evolution of agricultural structure further, and

revealing the precise mechanisms behind them. The analysis illustrates that FDI in the

agriculture-related industries filed, can affect evolution of agricultural structure

through affecting farming trade, improvement of agricultural technology, construction

and extending of agriculture industry chain. The analysis of this selection is mainly

based on agriculture industry chain, the evolutive orientation of agricultural structure

and on the construction and extending of agriculture industry chain is its main trend in

the future. FDI on before or after of agriculture industry chain can improve farming

trade structure, in favor of introducing international advanced technology and

extending agriculture industry chain effectively, thus influencing the evolution of the

whole agricultural structure, which fits the evolutive trend of agricultural structure.

Finally, analyze the existing problems about FDI guiding the evolution of

agricultural structure and proposing political recommendations further. At the same

time, the paper deem that there's plenty of scope to use FDI in the process of

agricultural development further, so, should strengthen high quality FDI in agriculture

filed and should also effectively guide the flow field in agricultural industry in order to

construct and extend agriculture industry chain, so as to implement the rationalized

evolution of agricultural structure.

Key words: agricultural structure; evolution; FDI; agricultural industry; mechanism

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摘要：

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文I摘要市场化、产业化、现代化、国际化是世界各国农业发展的共同特点和趋势，也是解决我国三农问题的根本出路。利用外商直接投资是促进农业产业化、现代化、国际化的必然要求，因而也是解决我国三农问题的一个重要途径。“三农”问题是我国当前和今后相当长的时间内需要着力解决的重点问题，而作为其核心的农业产业结构演进问题必将成为破解此问题的重要突破口。针对农业资金长期投入不足而导致的农业产业结构演进缓慢的现状，考虑到外商直接投资对农业产业结构优化调整所具有的独特作用，我国鼓励和吸引农业外商直接投资的力度将日益增强。但是，对于农业外商直接投资如何影响农业产业结构演变、影响程度如何等这样的理...

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