我国信用法律制度构建研究

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硕士学位论文

摘要

信用是市场经济发展的必然要求，没有信用的经济体制就不是市场经济体

制。改革开放 30 年来，我国的市场经济建设取得了举世瞩目的发展，但是也存

在许多问题。市场交易违约率居高不下、“三角债”大量存在、制假售假行为猖

獗等一系列违信行为充斥着我国市场，成为我国市场经济发展的瓶颈。信用缺失

严重和市场对信用需求的急剧上升，使我国迫切需要信用建设。而信用法律制度

的缺乏又制约了信用制度的发展，信用制度建设的同时必须与信用法律制度建设

同步进行才可以健康发展。

从 20 世纪 90 年代开始，我国就开始了信用建设的探索之路，国家采取了一

系列措施整顿市场交易中的违信行为，如在全国范围开展清理“三角债”问题。

于此同时，信用制度建设也被提上日程，2001 年信用制度建设被纳入第十个五

年计划纲要，2004 年中共十六届三中全会明确提出“以道德为支撑、产权为基

础、法律为保障”建立健全中国的信用制度和信用体系。遗憾的是，国家在对信

用制度构建时忽视了信用法律制度的发展，无论是信用制度构建的宏观层面还是

信用违信行为的处罚、信用评级标准的制定等微观层面都没有明确的法律规定，

使我国信用发展面临无法可依的尴尬境地。目前学界对信用法律制度的构建研究

甚多，但是成果很少。

信用制度的发展关系我国市场经济的发展前景。信用法律制度的缺乏使得信

用制度的发展更加困难，因此我国信用制度建设的首要问题就是建设符合我国国

情的信用法律制度，这也是西方信用发达国家的经验总结。

由于西方信用发达国家有近二百年的信用发展史，因此我国在构建信用法律

制度时切忌闭门造车，要积极学习和借鉴西方国家的先进经验。通过对国外信用

制度建设和信用法律制度构建进行比较分析，并结合我国的实际国情，为我国的

信用法律制度构建提出浅见。目前，世界上主要信用发展模式有三种——市场主

导模式、公共征信模式和行业协会模式。由于我国的信用法律制度空白，信用发

展不成熟且信用意识淡薄等现实国情，笔者建议我国信用发展模式采取市场化模

式和公共征信模式共同发展的“双轨制”模式。与此相对应，我国的信用立法模

式应采取混合立法模式。即在制定信用专门法律的同时，对我国已有的法律法规

进行修订完善。首先制定一部信用基本法，对信用基本问题进行规范；其次对信

用评级、信用信息公开等专门领域在信用发展逐步成熟后渐进立法；最后就是对

我国已有的民商法、经济法、刑事法律等法律进行修订完善，增加信用内容。这

硕士学位论文

种信用法律制度的构建既可以解决信用专门问题又可以避免与已有法律法规的

冲突。

信用建设对一国经济发展至关重要，信用环境的好坏决定一国投资环境的质

量，进而影响经济发展速度。在经济一体化和全球化快速发展的趋势下，信用发

展也呈现了一定全球化和趋同化。各征信模式出现很大程度的融合，不同征信模

式共同发展，相互辅助。信用立法模式和信用立法理念也出现同化，共同的目标

是追求信用信息流通和隐私权保护的动态平衡。

关键词：信用；征信；信用发展模式；信用法律制度

硕士学位论文

ABSTRACT

Credit is the inevitable requirement of the development of market economy, the

economy lacking of credit is not real market economy. China’s market economy has

really achieved a lot of remarkable success since her Reform and Opening-up to the

outside, however, there still exists some problems. Such as breaking contracts rate of

market transactions remains high, "triangular debts" abound, and the phenomenon of

manufacturing and selling fake goods is ubiquitous , all of these kinds of conduct that

lacking of credit is full of China's market, and then it has become the bottleneck of

our market economy’s development. Serious lacking of credit and market demand for

a sharp rise in credit make the construction of economy credit system urgently. The

lack of the legal system of credit has hampered the construction of credit system.

Credit system must be accompanied by its legal system that can develop healthily.

Since 1990s, China’s government has tried to explore the way to construct the

economy credit. The state has adopted a series of measures to rectify the breach of

credit in market transactions, such as a nationwide campaign to clear up "triangle

debts". At the same time, the construction of credit system has also been put on the

agenda. In the year of 2001, the construction of credit system is included in our

country’s Tenth five-year plan, in 2004, the 16th CPC Plenary Session clearly

stated:“to establish and improve China's credit system supported by ethics, based on

property rights, guaranteed by law.” Unfortunately, the state ignored the development

of the legal system of credit while building credit system, and this makes the

development of China's credit face the embarrassment of no law to accord to. Now,

how to establish the credit system has been studied extensively, but few results.

There is important relations between the development of credit system and the

prospects of China’s martket economy.Beacause of the lack of the legal system of

credit, the development of credit system is more difficult.So the most important issue

is to build the legal system of credit line with our conditions when constructing credit

system.This is also the experience of credit developed countries.

As the Western developed credit countries have nearly two hundred years of

credit hidtory,so my time in building the legal system of credit should not bahind

closed doors,to actively learn from the advanced experience of Western countries.

This article attempts to put forward some humble suggestions on how to construct

III

硕士学位论文

China’s legal credit system based on the analysis of the foreign credit system

construction of legal credit system, and combined with China's actual conditions.

Currently, there are three major credit development model – Market-oriented

Model,Mode of Public Credit,Industry Association.Because, in China, the laws and

regulations on credit are basically blank and the credit construction is just started built,

the development model of credit adopt a “Dual Track”model and the Credit

Legislation should adopt a Mix Legislation Pattern. That is, to legislate the special

credit laws, and at the same time to perfect our existing laws and regulations. First, to

draw up the Basic credit Law, to regulate the basic issue of credit; Second, to

gradually draw up the laws and regulations on other specialized areas such as credit

rating, credit information discoursed to the public after the credit develops mature;

Finally, to revise and perfect our Civil, economy and Commercial Law in China,

adding credit content. This kind of mode of building up the credit legal system can not

only build the basic legal system to resolve specific issues but also can avoid the

credit laws running counter to the existing regulations.

The building of credit is essential for the development of a country’s

economy,the credit environment is good or bad decision quality of a country’s

investment environment ,affect of economic development.In the rapid development of

economic integration and the trend of globalization,the development also presents a

certain credit of globalization and convergence.Credit model occurs the large degree

of convergence,the common development of different credit models,and mutual

assistance.The model of credit legislation and concept of credit legislation alsoappears

appears assimilation,the common goal will balance credit information flow and credit

of privacy protection.

Keywords: Credit; credit investigation; Credit Development Mode;

Credit Legal System

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摘要：

硕士学位论文摘要信用是市场经济发展的必然要求，没有信用的经济体制就不是市场经济体制。改革开放30年来，我国的市场经济建设取得了举世瞩目的发展，但是也存在许多问题。市场交易违约率居高不下、“三角债”大量存在、制假售假行为猖獗等一系列违信行为充斥着我国市场，成为我国市场经济发展的瓶颈。信用缺失严重和市场对信用需求的急剧上升，使我国迫切需要信用建设。而信用法律制度的缺乏又制约了信用制度的发展，信用制度建设的同时必须与信用法律制度建设同步进行才可以健康发展。从20世纪90年代开始，我国就开始了信用建设的探索之路，国家采取了一系列措施整顿市场交易中的违信行为，如在全国范围开展清理“三角债”问题。于此同时...

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