中国和印度经常项目失衡的比较研究与实证分析

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3.0 李佳 2024-09-20 5 4 415.1KB 54 页 150积分
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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
I
摘要
中国和印度曾同为农业世界的中心国家,都属于世界人口大国,在近代均经
历了经济从衰落到复兴的过程,又在 20 世纪末进行了经济改革,目前是全球经济
增长速度较快的国家,经济发展模式为世界所瞩目,两国国情有许多共同之处。
但同为新兴市场国家的中国和印度的经常项目却存在很大的差异,中国常年以顺
差为主,而印度则以逆差为主。中印两国在经常项目上的差异值得我们进行比较
研究。通过比较,可以为改善我国经常项目失衡得到一些启发,可以更好地解决
我国外部失衡的问题,以保证国内经济稳定、健康地发展。
在研究方法上,本文采用文献研究法,理论研究和实证研究相结合,定量分
析和定性分析相结合的研究方法。通过查阅相关文献后发现:汇率、财政收支、
金融体系、人口年龄结构等因素与经常项目之间存在密切的关系。并且,通过对
中印两国宏观经济、微观经济的分析后发现,两国在一些因素上存在较大差异,
这些因素主要包括汇率、经济增长率,政府财政收支,金融体系、人口年龄结构
和贸易开放度。其中,选取了政府财政收支差额占 GDP 的比例作为政府财政收支
的替代变量,银行提供的信贷占 GDP 的比例作为金融体系的替代变量,人口依赖
比率作为人口年龄结构的替代变量,进出口总额占 GDP 的比例作为贸易开放度的
替代变量。
随后本文采用比较研究的方法,从贸易结构(商品贸易和服务贸易的发展)
人口年龄结构、金融体系以及财政收支出发,对中印两国的经常项目进行了对比
研究,同时分析了 2008 OECD 各国的贸易结构、人口年龄结构、金融体系和财
政收支与经常项目的关系,从理论和经验上证实了这几个因素对中印两国经常项
目的差异起着重要的影响作用。在比较研究的过程中本文注重结构分析,分析了
中印两国的服务贸易和商品贸易在经常项目中的不同影响作用,可以发现商品贸
易与经常项目之间存在紧密的关系,商品贸易越是发达的国家,经常项目越有可
能为顺差。而服务贸易与经常项目之间没有明显的相关关系。此外,在已有的消
费、储蓄、投资与经常项目关系研究的文献中,很少对个体的年龄差异进行区分。
而实际上处于不同年龄段的人的储蓄、消费、投资是不一样的,存在一定的异质
性。本文从人口年龄结构的角度出发,把年龄结构这一因素纳入对储蓄、消费、
投资的研究中,从而分析不同的年龄结构对经常项目的影响。
在实证研究方面本文应用了计量应用软件 Eviews5.0采用中印两国 1982 年至
2008 年的相关数据,针对导致两国经常项目产生差异的多种因素,运用最小二乘
法、Johansen 协整检验和格兰杰因果检验进行实证分析。结果表明:在我国,各影
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
II
响因素与经常项目存在长期的均衡关系。人口依赖比率、经济增长率、金融体系
与经常项目存在负相关的关系;贸易开放度与经常项目存在正相关的关系;汇率
与经常项目存在负相关的关系,但相关性较弱。通过格兰杰因果检验验证了人口
依赖比率、经济增长率、金融体系和贸易开放度对经常项目存在单向的因果关系,
即这四个因素是导致我国经常项目发生变化的原因。汇率对经常项目不存在单向
的因果关系。印度的人口依赖比率、金融体系和贸易开放度与经常项目存在正相
关的关系;经济增长率和汇率与经常项目存在负相关的关系,但相关性较弱。格
兰杰因果检验表明了汇率对经常项目存在单向的因果关系。
最后,结合理论研究、实证检验的结论和中印两国的比较分析,为如何改善
我国经常项目失衡提出政策性意见。为了改善我国经常项目长期失衡的现状,必
须从人口年龄结构、金融体系、经济发展政策等方面入手,通过改进内部经济来
实现外部的均衡,只有这样才能更好地实现内外部经济的均衡发展,使得我国经
济能够持续、平稳、健康的向前发展。
关键词:经常项目;人口年龄结构;金融体系;财政收支;汇率
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
III
ABSTRACT
China and India had been the same as center countries of the agricultural world.
They all have numerous populations. Their economy had experienced the process from
decline to regeneration in the modern times. They all carried out the economic reforms
in the 20th century. They are two of the world's fastest growing countries. Their
conditions have much in common. However,their current account are very different.
China is mainly in surplus, while India in deficit . By comparison, we can get some
inspirations to improve the current account. Therefore, this research has a strong
practical significance.
About the research method, this paper used literature research, theoretical research
combined with empirical research, quantitative analysis combined with qualitative
analysis. In this paper, on the basis of existing researchs of current account ,and the
macroeconomic, microeconomic analysis of China and India ,we found out some factors
which caused the differences of current account. These factors were exchange rates,
economic growth rates, fiscal revenue and expenditure, financial system, age structure
of population and the extent of trade openness. I chosed the cash surplus or deficit
percentage of GDP as the alternative variable of fiscal revenue and expenditure, the
domestic credit provided by banking sector percentage of GDP as the alternative
variable of financial system, the dependency rate of population as the alternative
variable of age structure of population, the total amount of export and import percentage
of GDP as the alternative variable of the extent of trade openness.
Then we compared the two countries’s current account from these areas. Besides, I
took a analysis of the OECD country's trade structure, age structure of population,
financial system and fiscal balances of 2008. After that we found out that these factors
play an important role in causing the differences of their current account. In this
paper,we pay attention to the structural analysis in the process of comparative studying.
It analyzed the different influences of goods and services trade to the current account.
Then we can find out that the goods trade have a close relationship with current
account.But, the relationship between service trade and current account is not obvious.
In fact, people in different ages have different habits in saving, consumption and
investment. So the current account is affected by the age structure of population.
On the empirical studying, I used the Cointegration test and Granger causality test
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
IV
of Eviews5.0. The datas were from 1982 to 2008. The results showed that: in our
country, the factors and current account have a long-term equilibrium relationship. The
dependency rate of population, economic growth rate and financial system, having a
negative correlation to the current account; the extent of trade openness is positively
correlated with the current account; The relationship between current account and
exchange rate is weak. According to the Granger causality test, the current account is
effected by the dependency rate of population , economic growth rate, financial system
and extent of trade openness. India's dependency rate of population, financial system
and extent of trade openness have a positively correlation to the current account;
economic growth rate and exchange rate have a negatively correlation to the current
account, but the correlation is weak. According to the Granger causality test, the current
account is effected by the exchange rate.
Therefore, in order to improve the long-term imbalance of current account, we
must reform the age structure of population, financial system and economic
development policy. So we can achieve a better balance of internal and external
economic, making China's economy development sustained, stable and healthy.
KeywordsCurrent account; Age structure of population; Financial system; Revenue
and expenditure; Exchange rate
摘要:

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文I摘要中国和印度曾同为农业世界的中心国家,都属于世界人口大国,在近代均经历了经济从衰落到复兴的过程,又在20世纪末进行了经济改革,目前是全球经济增长速度较快的国家,经济发展模式为世界所瞩目,两国国情有许多共同之处。但同为新兴市场国家的中国和印度的经常项目却存在很大的差异,中国常年以顺差为主,而印度则以逆差为主。中印两国在经常项目上的差异值得我们进行比较研究。通过比较,可以为改善我国经常项目失衡得到一些启发,可以更好地解决我国外部失衡的问题,以保证国内经济稳定、健康地发展。在研究方法上,本文采用文献研究法,理论研究和实证研究相结合,定量分析和定性分析相结合的研究方法。通过...

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作者:李佳 分类:高等教育资料 价格:150积分 属性:54 页 大小:415.1KB 格式:PDF 时间:2024-09-20

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