中小企业零售信贷模式研究——以上市中小企业为例

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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

摘要

中小企业是促进我国经济发展的生力军，对增加投资、拉动内需、提高出口

都起着十分重要的作用，尤其对改善就业作出了显著的贡献。中小企业中绝大部

分是个体私营或者乡镇企业，据测算，他们解决了中国 70%以上的就业，而整个工

业资产结构中中小企业则占到了 60%以上。然而，中小企业的融资渠道却十分有限，

绝大部分依赖于银行信贷。融资结构与潜在的经济增长结构之间存在着严重的不

对称，融资难问题成为制约我国中小企业的健康发展的瓶颈。次贷危机又使得出

口受阻、资金短缺的问题进一步凸显出来，中小企业面临着空前的生存挑战。因

此，为使中小企业摆脱融资难的窘境，研究一套切实可行的解决方案，使其能够

兼顾银行资产安全性和可盈利性，同时又能为中小企业提供贷款资源，成为了一

个十分紧迫的课题。

本文借鉴国外在探索中小企业贷款模式创新的先进经验，将零售模式下开展

中小企业信贷的特点与中国具体国情相结合，针对中小企业零售信贷系统展开研

究，对于促进国内银行创新开展中小企业授信新模式具有新的理论和现实意义。

本文分为五部分。第一部分揭示了中小企业对社会经济做出的巨大贡献和面临融

资约束的现实困境，分析中小企业贷款难的银企两方面的原因，指出银行信贷成

本的降低和信用风险的精确评价将是解决中小企业融资约束的突破口。第二部分

进行了公司信贷模式和零售信贷模式优劣对比分析，介绍了国外零售信贷模式的

先进经验，并对国内现有小企业信贷产品和模式做了比较分析。第三部分则进一

步分析零售模式下运用信用评分技术解决中小企业融资难的优势，解决银行降低

成本和风险量化难题。同时引入富国银行零售模式的成功案例，从实际出发印证

理论假设。第四部分对零售模式信用评分做了实证分析，利用主成分分析法筛选

企业财务指标，加入企业非财务信息和企业主信息，通过逻辑回归构建我国中小

企业融资的信用评分模型和打分公式。第五部分从银企推广、数据库完善、中小

企业贷款二级市场建设三个方面提出了政策建议。

本文的主要结论是，零售信贷模式对于国内商业银行尤其是大型银行开展中

小企业信贷，无论从降低授信成本提高盈利水平，还是降低信用风险提高贷款安

全性方面都有巨大的改进作用。而新模式在提高银行授信效率和降低授信成本的

同时，也为中小企业及时获得信贷支持，降低融资成本提供了可能。当然，新模

式下开展中小企业信贷在国内的应用仍处于起步阶段，配套的支持政策也未到位，

银企对新模式的认识仍有不足甚至存在偏见。但是，新模式的巨大优势和潜在的

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

改善空间，理应得到政府和银行企业足够的重视，通过不断的政策改进和产品创

新，必将开发出适合中国国情的中小企业零售信贷系统。

关键词：零售信贷模式；信用评分；中小企业；非财务指标

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

III

ABSTRACT

Small and Medium sized enterprises (SMEs) is the main force to promote the

development of our nation's economy. It plays an important role in increasing

investment, stimulating domestic demand and improving export. Especially, it makes a

significant contribution to the improvement of employment. The majority of SMEs are

the individual and private or township enterprises. And it is estimated that they solve

more than 70% of employment in China and they account for more than 60% of the

whole structure of industrial assets. However, it is difficult for SMEs to finance; most of

them rely on bank credit. There is serious asymmetry between financing structure and

the potential structure of economic growth. Financing problem becomes the bottleneck

of development of SMEs in China. Subprime crisis had further highlighted the problem

of the block of export and the shortage of funds. SMEs are facing with unprecedented

challenges. Therefore, in order to help SMEs get rid of dilemma of financing,

researching a set of practical solution which can give consideration to both security and

profitability of bank asset, and while can private loan recourses for SMEs has become

an urgent subject.

This article will draw lessons from advanced experiences of other countries in

exploring innovation of SMEs loan model and combine the characteristics of SMEs

credit under retailing model and China's specific national conditions, and focus on the

research of retail credit system for SMEs. There will be new theoretical and practical

significance for domestic bank to carry out innovational new model for SMEs loan

credit. This article consists of five parts. The first part brings forward the significant

contribution which SMEs have made to the social economy and the financing

difficulties that they are struggling from; analyze the reason from both enterprises and

banks why it is hard for SMEs to get loan; and point out that the reduce of the cost of

bank credit and accurate assessment of credit risk will be the breakthrough to solve the

SMEs financing constraints. The second part will be focus on the analysis of the

contrast of the advantages of company credit model and retailing credit model;

introduce the advanced experiences of retailing credit model from other countries; and

make analysis of the existed domestic small enterprise credit product and model. The

third part will further analyze the advantages of carrying out credit scoring technology

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

to solve the problems of SMEs financing and to solve the problems of reducing cost of

banks and risk quantitative. And at the same time, it will introduce the successful case

of Wells Fargo retailing model to confirm the hypothesis from reality. The fourth part

will do the empirical analysis for the retailing credit scoring model; use principal

component analysis to select financial indicators of companies and add unfinancial

information and main information of enterprises; build SMEs financial credit scoring

model and scoring formula through logistic regression. The fifth part will give

suggestions in the three areas of Bank-Enterprise promotion, database improvement,

and construction of the medium and small enterprise loan secondary market.

The main conclusion of this article is that for the domestic commercial banks,

especially the big banks to develop lending to SMEs, retailing credit model will make

significant promotion whether in terms of reducing credit cost and improving

profitability or reducing the credit risk of loan. And the new model can improve the

efficiency of credit checking and reduce the cost of credit checking as well as can make

it possible for SMEs to get support of credit and reduce financing cost. Naturally,

carrying out SMEs under the new model is still on the primary stage and supporting

policies are still not completed, and banks and enterprises are short of knowledge of the

new model and even have bias for the new model. However, the great advantages and

potential for improvement of the new model ought to receive enough attention from

government and enterprises. It will develop a suitable SMEs retailing credit scoring

model system which is in accordance with China's national conditions through

continuous policy improvement and product innovation.

Key words: Retailing credit model; Credit scoring; SME; Unfinancial information

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摘要：

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文I摘要中小企业是促进我国经济发展的生力军，对增加投资、拉动内需、提高出口都起着十分重要的作用，尤其对改善就业作出了显著的贡献。中小企业中绝大部分是个体私营或者乡镇企业，据测算，他们解决了中国70%以上的就业，而整个工业资产结构中中小企业则占到了60%以上。然而，中小企业的融资渠道却十分有限，绝大部分依赖于银行信贷。融资结构与潜在的经济增长结构之间存在着严重的不对称，融资难问题成为制约我国中小企业的健康发展的瓶颈。次贷危机又使得出口受阻、资金短缺的问题进一步凸显出来，中小企业面临着空前的生存挑战。因此，为使中小企业摆脱融资难的窘境，研究一套切实可行的解决方案，使其能够兼顾...

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