透过率起伏频谱空间相关法颗粒测量技术
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透过率起伏频谱空间相关法颗粒测量
技术
摘 要
随着科学技术的发展,颗粒分析在工业过程中越来越为广泛。颗粒测量方法
种类繁多,光散射法由于其显著优点在很短的时间内获得广泛的应用,但主要都
依靠取样方式,能够进行实时、在线检测的手段还是很少。
近几年,诞生了一种新的光学颗粒测量方法——透过率起伏频谱法
(TFS),通过对透过率起伏信号作相关处理可以获得含有颗粒粒径、浓度的透过
率起伏相关频谱。透过率起伏频谱法可分为两种,一种是采用单光束的透过率起
伏频谱时间相关法( Transmission Fluctuation Spectrometry with Temporal
Correlation,简称TFS-AC 或 TFS-TC)。采用单光束的透过率起伏频谱时间相关法
必须提前知道颗粒的流速,测量结果受到颗粒流场的影响,因此只可测量层流状
态下的颗粒系统,这局限了该方法的应用场合。另一种是采用了二个光束的透过
率起伏频谱空间相关法(Transmission Fluctuation Spectrometry with Spatial
Correlation,简称TFS-SC),空间相关法的优点是不需要提前测量流体的流速,
但该方法对二个光束间距的机械调节却很难控制,特别是在测量小颗粒的时候,
要求光束和探测器在微小范围内同步、快速移动,实际中很难实现。
为了解决这个问题,本文设计出了一种新的透过率起伏频谱空间相关法颗粒
测量技术,采用一束线光束作为入射光照射颗粒,一维线阵CCD传感器与线光束
对应放置作为透射光的探测器,对接收的光信号作相关处理得到透过率起伏频谱。
该技术克服了复杂的机械调节,并且可获得两光束间距连续变化时的相关值,在
很大程度上提高了测量效率和精度。本文对透过率起伏频谱做了数值计算,同时
也实现了TFS-SC在实验上的测量,实验所测结果很好地验证了理论。证明了透过
率起伏频谱空间相关法不受流场影响。
关键词:透过率起伏频谱空间相关法(TFS-SC) 透过率相关期望值
(ETP)透过率起伏 颗粒分析 颗粒测量
Abstract
As the development of science and technology, particle analysis is very
important to a wide variety of industrial processes. A lot of particle measurement
techniques have been developed. Because of its prominent advantages, light
scattering method has become one of the most widely used methods. However, most
of methods require sampling, the real-time and online measurement methods are still
under developing.
Recently, a new particle measurement technique named as transmission
fluctuation spectrometry (TFS) was developed, by which the particle size and
concentration information can be obtained from the transmission fluctuation
spectrum by the correlation processing of the transmitted light signal. Transmission
fluctuation spectrometry (TFS) can be divided into two approaches: One is
transmission fluctuation spectrometry with temporal correlation (abbreviated by
TFS-AC or TFS-TC). In the TFS-TC, an additional measurement on the flow
velocity is required to extract the information of the particle size and hence the result
is influenced by the velocity profile or velocity fluctuations in the measurement zone.
Therefore, the TFS-TC can be applied to the laminar conditions only, which greatly
limits its application. The other is transmission fluctuation spectrometry with spatial
correlation (abbreviated by TFS-SC) in which two narrow beams are employed. The
advantage of the TFS-SC is that the additional measurement of the flow velocity is
unnecessary. However, the mechanical operation on the beam separation becomes
challenging. The beams and the detectors should be able to move synchronously and
fast enough on a micrometer scale. Furthermore, the beams should be consistent with
each other, both in diameter and in propagation direction, which is very difficult to
realize in practice.
This thesis aims to solve this problem. A new measurement technique is
developed, in which the particle dispersion is illuminated by a line beam and
correspondingly a linear array CCD sensor is employed as the detector of the
transmitted light. This new approach overcomes the complicated mechanical
operation, making the correlation parameter can be adjusted continuously, which
increases the accuracy and efficiency of the measurement. The analytical expressions
are deduced to describe the transmission fluctuation spectrum and experiments are
performed to verify the theory. It is shown that the measured transmission fluctuation
spectrum is independent of the flow conditions.
Keywords: transmission fluctuation spectrometry with spatial
correlation (TFS-SC), expectance of transmission product
(ETP),transmission fluctuation, particle analysis, particle
measurement
第一章 绪论
目 录
摘要
Abstract
第一章 绪论.........................................................1
1.1 颗粒测量的应用...............................................1
1.2 颗粒系统概述.................................................1
1.2.1 颗粒粒度...............................................1
1.2.2 颗粒系的平均粒径和粒径分布.............................3
1.2.3 颗粒的浓度.............................................3
1.3 颗粒测量方法.................................................4
1.4 课题的提出及本文的工作.......................................6
第二章 透过率起伏频谱空间相关法的基本理论...........................8
2.1 透过率起伏频谱相关法测量原理.................................8
2.1.1 透过率起伏频谱时间相关法(TFS-TC).....................8
2.1.2 透过率起伏频谱空间相关法(TFS-SC).....................8
2.2 层结构模型...................................................9
2.2.1 单层颗粒系统情况......................................10
2.2.2 三维颗粒系统情况......................................10
第三章 透过率起伏频谱空间相关法的数值计算..........................12
3.1 无限细矩形光束情况..........................................12
3.2 特征函数的计算..............................................22
第四章 透过率起伏频谱空间相关法实验测量装置及方法..................26
4.1 实验装置及测量方法..........................................26
4.2 实验结果....................................................30
4.2.1 不同颗粒浓度情况......................................30
4.2.2 不同颗粒流速情况......................................31
4.2.3 不同颗粒流向情况......................................32
第五章 总结和展望..................................................34
附录...............................................................35
参考文献...........................................................37
第一章 绪论
1
透过率起伏频谱空间相关法颗粒测量技术
1.1 颗粒测量的重要性[1-10]
当今社会,越来越多的领域涉及到与颗粒相关的问题,如医药、动力、
轻工、能源、化工、机械、建材、冶金等。在环境方面,大气层中的灰尘与雾霾
河流中的泥沙、工业排放中的飞灰烟尘等均属于颗粒物;在工业生产方面,
如涂料、食品、磨料、水泥、染料、化妆品等以粉末作为产品以及各种金属粉末
化学药品等均为颗粒物;化工产品中以粉末为原料或中间物如陶瓷、催化剂、
玻璃、粉末冶金、电子材料、磁性材料等也均为颗粒物。近年来,与国防工业
军事科学,高新尖端技术等联系紧密的各种新型颗粒材料的发明,使得颗粒
测量的应用变得更为广泛。
对两相流中分散颗粒的粒度分布、浓度和速度等参数的测量与控制已是
工业生产和环境工程中的重要环节。颗粒粒度的大小及分布决定了许多工艺
最终产品的使用性能及动力工程中的能源的消耗效率。例如涂料中颜料颗粒
的粒度及形状对于涂料的遮盖力、成膜能力、稳定性以及着色力等性能影响
很大;同样,混凝土的凝结时间和机械性能与水泥颗粒的粒度也有密切的关
系;录音带上磁性颗粒粒度影响着录音质量;牙膏中二氧化硅颗粒粒度影响
着牙膏的洁齿效果;制陶粉末的粒度直接决定了工艺成品的质量;药粉的粒
度影响其疗效;照相底板上卤化银粉末的大小决定了其解象的能力;火力发
电厂煤粉的粒度大小直接影响着煤粉燃烧的效率;由此可见,颗粒粒度测量
有着非常远大的应用背景。
1.2 颗粒系统概述
1.2.1 颗粒粒度
颗粒粒度就是颗粒所占空间大小的尺度。颗粒粒度的范围变化较广,从
零点几纳米到几千微米。通常,认为表面光滑的球形颗粒的直径即为该颗粒
的粒度,这里用表示。对于不规则形状颗粒的粒度表征相对复杂,相应的
粒度通常用与之在测量中等效的球形颗粒的直径来表示。
2
第一章 绪论
图1-1 天然水所含的成分[10
3
摘要:
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透过率起伏频谱空间相关法颗粒测量技术摘要随着科学技术的发展,颗粒分析在工业过程中越来越为广泛。颗粒测量方法种类繁多,光散射法由于其显著优点在很短的时间内获得广泛的应用,但主要都依靠取样方式,能够进行实时、在线检测的手段还是很少。近几年,诞生了一种新的光学颗粒测量方法——透过率起伏频谱法(TFS),通过对透过率起伏信号作相关处理可以获得含有颗粒粒径、浓度的透过率起伏相关频谱。透过率起伏频谱法可分为两种,一种是采用单光束的透过率起伏频谱时间相关法(TransmissionFluctuationSpectrometrywithTemporalCorrelation,简称TFS-AC或TFS-TC)。...
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作者:牛悦
分类:高等教育资料
价格:15积分
属性:43 页
大小:17.4MB
格式:DOC
时间:2024-11-11

