USST_Arts_112060636网络团购定价模式研究
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摘 要
团购自 2010 年引入中国以来,凭借其独特的限时打折营销模式,迅速受到商
家和消费者的广泛欢迎。但是,近年来团购也出现了诸多问题,例如消费欺骗、服
务缩水、隐形消费等,使得消费者的投诉越来越多,质疑之声不断出现,对团购
网站的信任度不断降低。所有这些,如果不能有效解决,将会对团购的发展带来
很大影响。纵观这几年出现的团购纠纷事件,不难看出,团购问题的发生,是多
种不合理因素作用的结果,其中一个主要因素是定价问题。定价方法不公开、定价
模式不合理,影响了人们对团购的评价。由此可见,研究团购定价模式不仅重要
而且很有意义。
目前,对于商家来说,团购主要采用了固定折扣定价和逢低买入定价这两方
式;两者都有其不足之处。在参考相关团购定价文献的基础上,就两种模式的应
用现状、定价原理和定价模型进行分析,发现了他们具有的共同缺陷:在团购价
格制定过程中,价格主要由商家来指定,消费者一般只能被动响应指定好的价格
消费者对最终成交价格影响不大。有鉴于此,考虑到反向定价模式中,商家会根
据消费者的竞价情况和自身收益最大化原则来确定产品价格,消费者对最终成交
价格有直接影响。因此,本文将反向定价模式引入到团购定价中,并根据团购的
特征进行改进,形成了反向定价的团购模式。文中就该模式的特征、运作流程进行
分析,建立了相应的商家预期收益模型,定性分析模型中的相关参数。
本文在归纳总结现有团购定价模型的基础上,建立了团购反向定价模型,并
将其和其他模型进行比较。通过数值分析得出结论:在商品数量较多时,采用逢
低买入能给团购商家带来更大收益;在商品数量较少时,采用反向定价对商家比
较有利。
本文创新之处在于,将反向定价模式引入到团购定价中,并根据团购的特征
进行改进,形成了反向定价的团购模式;从顾客估价服从正态分布出发,运用
Mathematic 软件对三种定价模型进行实证对比分析,克服了以往对顾客估价只作
平均分布假设的局限,使得出的定量分析结果更加可信。团购市场是一个双边市
场,团购定价模式是否合理,不仅关系到团购商家的利益,也关系到客户和其他参
与各方的利益。因此,本文研究的意义在于不仅有利于加深对团购定价模式的认
识;也有助于维护网络团购市场秩序,加强政府监管、提高风险意识;对团购市
场的健康发展,产业结构转型升级具有很大意义。
关键词:团购 定价模式 反向定价
ABSTRACT
In recent years,group-buying has been popular with sellers and consumers since it
was introduced to China in 2010. For the reason is group-buying has unique time-
limited marketing mode.But it also has some problems ,such as consumption
cheating,bad service,stealth consumption and so on.Consumers’complaints are
increasing,the voice of doubt is emerging,people’s trust on group-buying website
continues to reduce.If these problems could not be solved effectively,they will bring big
influence to the development of group-buying.Throughout the group-buying disputes in
recent years ,it is not difficult to find that the appearance of group-buying problems is
effected by many kinds of unreasonable factors, one is pricing problem.Secret pricing
method and unreasonable pricing model affect people’s evaluation on group-
buying.Thus ,the research on group-buying pricing model is important and meaningful.
At present ,group-buying mainly adopts three methods.They are fixed discount
pricing,buying bargain pricing .The two methods have their shortcomings.On the basis
of relevant group-buying literature,this article analyzes their application situation,
pricing model and pricing principle, then their common flaws are discovered. In the two
methods,the price of group-buying merchants are mainly built by sellers,consumers
only response this price passively,they have little influence on the final sale price.In
view of the flaws,this article takes the reverse pricing model into account.In this
model,sellers will determine group-buying merchants’ according to consumers’ bidding
situation and profits maximization principle,consumers have direct influence on the
final sale price.Therefore this paper will introduce the reverse pricing model to group-
buying pricing,and improve it according to the feature of group-buying,then a reverse
pricing group-buying model is formed. This paper analyzes the model’characteristics
and operation process,and builds corresponding seller expected return model,analyzes
the related parameters of this model.
On the basis of summarizing current group-buying pricing mode,this paper builds a
new pricing mode named reverse pricing group-buying mode.Compared this mode with
other modes, then a conclusion can be made:when the quantity of commodity is
big ,buying bargain can bring more profit for sellers than other two methods.when the
quantity of commodity is small, group-buying reverse pricing mode is superior to
others.
The innovation of this paper lies in the introduction of reverse pricing model and
the proposal of reverse pricing group-buying model.With the application of Mathematic
software,the solving process of several pricing models is quick and accurate. This paper
chooses a new point to make contrast analysis of three models by using Mathematic
software,thus,all consumers’private value follows normal distribution. This can
overcome previous assumption that consumers’private obeys average distribution,so the
result of quantitative analysis is more credible. Group-buying market is a bilateral
market ,whether the pricing mode is reasonable will influence seller,buyer and other
participant’s interest.The significance of this thesis lies in three points: Firstly,the
research result can deepen people’s understanding of group-buying pricing
mode.Secondly,it is helpful for maintaining the order of group-buying market,
strengthening government’s regulation,increasing people’s risk awareness.Thirdly,it is
significant for accelerating healthy development of group-buying market,upgrading the
related industrial construction.
Key Words: group-buying , pricing model , reverse pricing
目 录
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
第一章 绪论.....................................................................................................................1
1.1 研究背景..............................................................................................................1
1.2 研究目的意义......................................................................................................2
1.2.1 研究目的....................................................................................................2
1.2.2 研究意义....................................................................................................2
1.3 研究方法与技术路线..........................................................................................3
1.3.1 研究方法....................................................................................................3
1.3.2 技术路线....................................................................................................3
1.4 研究内容与论文框架..........................................................................................3
1.4.1 研究内容....................................................................................................3
1.4.2 论文框架....................................................................................................3
1.5 主要创新点..........................................................................................................4
1.6 本章小结..............................................................................................................4
第二章 理论基础.............................................................................................................6
2.1 文献综述..............................................................................................................6
2.1.1 团购平台定价模型研究现状....................................................................6
2.1.2 团购商家定价模型研究现状....................................................................6
2.1.3 团购定价问题相关文献............................................................................9
2.1.4 团购反向定价相关文献..........................................................................10
2.2 相关理论............................................................................................................11
2.2.1 供求规律..................................................................................................12
2.2.2 价值规律..................................................................................................12
2.2.3 利润最大化原则......................................................................................12
2.2.4 双边市场理论..........................................................................................13
2.2.5 消费者行为理论......................................................................................14
2.3 本章小结............................................................................................................14
第三章 网络团购定价现状及存在问题.......................................................................16
3.1 团购网站发展及类型........................................................................................16
3.1.1 团购网站发展..........................................................................................16
3.1.2 团购网站类型..........................................................................................16
3.2 网络团购定价机制...........................................................................................18
3.2.1 基于平台团购定价机制..........................................................................18
3.2.2 基于商家团购定价机制..........................................................................19
3.3 团购定价现状及问题分析...............................................................................23
3.3.1 团购定价现状..........................................................................................23
3.3.2 存在问题分析..........................................................................................25
3.4 本章小结............................................................................................................27
第四章 团购反向定价模型...........................................................................................28
4.1 团购反向定价....................................................................................................28
4.1.1 反向定价..................................................................................................28
4.1.2 团购反向定价含义与应用......................................................................28
4.1.3 团购反向定价流程..................................................................................29
4.2 团购反向定价模型............................................................................................30
4.2.1 模型假设..................................................................................................30
4.2.2 商家预期收益模型..................................................................................30
4.2.3 模型参数定性分析..................................................................................31
4.3 本章小结............................................................................................................31
第五章 实证分析...........................................................................................................33
5.1 模型求解............................................................................................................33
5.2 模型比较与数值分析........................................................................................33
5.2.1 模型比较..................................................................................................33
5.2.2 数值分析..................................................................................................34
5.3 本章小结............................................................................................................38
第六章 总结及未来研究方向.......................................................................................40
6.1 研究结论............................................................................................................40
6.2 研究不足............................................................................................................41
6.3 未来研究方向....................................................................................................41
附录.................................................................................................................................43
参考文献.........................................................................................................................48
1
第一章 绪论
第一章 绪论
网络团购模式自美国进入中国以来,得到了很大发展,但也出现了包括定价
模式在内的许多问题。在论述具体问题之前,先探讨一下团购的形成背景和发展
情况。
1.1 研究背景
2010 年美国Groupon 模式被引入中国,一时间“团购”成为了中国网购领
域最火爆的话题。最为显著的表现就是各种各样的团购网站如雨后春笋般般涌现
越来越多的消费者加入到团购的大军中来。
在中国,第一家引入 Groupon 模式的团购网站是满座网。随后美团网、拉手网
等陆续涌现,中国团购网络市场一时间异常火爆,团购交易额节节攀升。但是这
种火爆的局面并没有持续多久,在 2012 年中国团购市场就开始呈现下滑的趋势。
据中国电子商务研究中心监测数据显示,2012 年我国团购网站数量呈“平稳精减
态势”。截至 2012 年6月底,全国团购网站累计诞生总数高达 6069 家,累计关闭
2859 家,死亡率达 48%,运营中 3210 家,已回落到2010 年底的3200 家左右。[1]
团购市场迅速从辉煌走向低潮,其中存在的原因是多方面的。首先,从团购
消费者的角度来分析,中国团购市场的消费群体呈现年龄较小、收入不高的特点。
当前,团购市场的消费主体是企业白领和大学生群体,他们年龄主要集中在 18~
30 岁,收入偏低或者根本无收入来源;但是他们对团购产品和服务的要求较高,
注重产品和服务给自身带来的价值。团购消费主体自身存在高需求和低收入相矛
盾的问题,使得团购市场出现大量的商品质量投诉。
其次,从团购商家角度分析,中国团购主要存在如下问题:
1.夸大商品打折力度,欺骗消费者
为了充分吸引消费者的眼球,部分团购网站蓄意夸大商品价格,有些甚至比
市场零售价还高。这种做法使消费者误以为打折力度很大,但实际上消费者获取
的优惠很少。这种行为严重地欺骗了消费者,甚至会降低消费者的信任度。
2.美化商品的图片,误导消费者
由于消费者无法通过即时通信工具与商户在线交流,对商品的了解只局限于
团购页面的介绍。这种局限导致一些商户会采取极力美化商品图片的方法,来充
分吸引消费者的光顾。这种做法实际上是一种误导和欺骗消费者的行为,其后果
往往是顾客抱着高期望去参与团购活动,收到货物时却发现商品质量较差,甚至
出现假货。这样无疑会降低人们参与团购的热情,无法建立人们对团购网站的信
任,甚至完全放弃这种新模式。
摘要:
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摘要团购自2010年引入中国以来,凭借其独特的限时打折营销模式,迅速受到商家和消费者的广泛欢迎。但是,近年来团购也出现了诸多问题,例如消费欺骗、服务缩水、隐形消费等,使得消费者的投诉越来越多,质疑之声不断出现,对团购网站的信任度不断降低。所有这些,如果不能有效解决,将会对团购的发展带来很大影响。纵观这几年出现的团购纠纷事件,不难看出,团购问题的发生,是多种不合理因素作用的结果,其中一个主要因素是定价问题。定价方法不公开、定价模式不合理,影响了人们对团购的评价。由此可见,研究团购定价模式不仅重要而且很有意义。目前,对于商家来说,团购主要采用了固定折扣定价和逢低买入定价这两方式;两者都有其不足之处...
作者:牛悦
分类:高等教育资料
价格:15积分
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时间:2024-11-11

