USST_Arts_114070001 水源热泵热水器的实验研究

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摘要

面对日益严峻的能源短缺和环境恶化形势，开发利用新能源，提高能源利用

率成为解决能源环境问题的重要手段。水源热泵技术因其节能环保、高效可靠的

特点，而具有较为广阔的发展前景。将热泵技术与低温余热回收相结合，可有效

提高能源利用效率，具有巨大的环境效益和经济效益。虽然该技术在国内已有一

些应用，但对系统仍缺乏全面透彻的了解，其推广应用中仍存在较多的亟待解决

的问题。为此，本文通过搭建水源热泵实验台，对系统的运行特性进行了实验研

究，本文的主要工作如下：

首先研究不同低温热源流量和温度对水源热泵系统运行特性的影响，实验结

果表明：

a）在低温热源温度保持一定的情况下，随着低温热源流量的增大，压缩机功

率不断增加，且随着流量的增大，其升高速率增大，而系统 COP 则是先增大后减

小；

b）在低温热源流量保持一定的情况下，随着低温热源温度的升高，压缩机功

率增加，且低温热源温度越高，增加速率越快，而 COP 随低温热源温度的升高，

则呈现先增大后减小的趋势；

接着研究了水源热泵系统的最佳运行工况点：

a）对于热泵系统而言，均存在最佳运行工况点，当低温热源流量或低温热源

温度小于该值时，虽压缩机功率增加速率放缓，但制热量、制冷量增加速率也将

减小，且减小幅度更大，系统 COP 均会下降；

b）当低温热源流量或低温热源温度大于该值时，压缩机功率增加速率加快，

制热量、制冷量也将增加，但速率小于压缩机功率增加速率，也会导致系统 COP

降低，系统耗功将会有明显增加。

最后对系统制热、制冷双工况运行时，系统的制冷量、制热量和系统的综合

能效比进行了研究：随系统运行时间的增加，低温热源温度不断下降，压缩机功

率不断升高，制热量、制冷量、COP 均先增大后减小。但系统综合能效比与单效

运行时相比，有很大幅度的提升，因此热泵系统双工况运行更具有优势。

论文的研究成果对水源热泵的设计和应用提供了理论指导。

关键词：水源热泵系统低温热源最佳运行工况 COP 综合能效比

ABSTRACT

Facing with the increasingly severe energy shortages and environmental

degradation, the development and utilization of new energy sources and the

improvement of energy efficiency, as means to solve these problems, become important.

The technology of water source heat pump, for its characters of energy saving,

environmental protection, efficiency and reliability, has broad prospects. The

combination of the technology of heat pump and waste heat recovery at low temperature,

which can effectively improve energy efficiency, has huge environmental and economic

benefits. Although the technology in our country has a number of applications, the

system is still lack of thorough understanding, and there are still many problems to be

solved in its application. Therefore by studying on a water source heat pump bench, the

operating characteristics of this system were experimentally investigated, and the main

work is as follows:

Firstly the effects of different low-temperature heat flow and different temperature

on the operating characteristics of the water source heat pump system were studied.

Experimental results show that:

a) When the temperature of the low temperature heat source is same, the

compressor power is increasing with its flow, and as the flow becomes larger, the rate of

the increase is faster, while the COP of the system is first increases then decreases;

b) When the flow of the low temperature heat source is same, the compressor

power is increasing with its temperature, and as the temperature becomes higher, the

rate of the increase is faster, while the COP of the system is first increases then

decreases;

Secondly the best operating points of water source heat pump system were studied:

a) For the heat pump system, there are optimal operating points. When the flow or

the temperature of the low temperature heat source is less than the value, the rate of

increase of the compressor power is decreased, while the rates of increase of the heating

capacity and cooling capacity are decreased more rapidly, so the COP is dropped;

b) When the flow or the temperature of the low temperature heat source is more

than the value, the rate of increase of the compressor power is increased, while the rates

of increase of the heating capacity and cooling capacity are increased less rapidly, so the

COP is dropped and the power consumption of the system will be significantly

increased.

Thirdly, for dual mode operation of the heating and refrigeration system, the

cooling capacity, the heating capacity and the comprehensive energy efficiency are

studied: as operating time increases, the temperature of the low temperature heat source

is decreased, the compressor power is rising while the heating capacity and the cooling

capacity are first increased then decreased. The comprehensive energy efficiency is

much higher than the single. So the dual mode of the heat pump system has more

advantages.

This paper provides a theoretical guidance for the design and the application of the

water source heat pump.

Key words ：water source heat pump system, low temperature heat

source, optimum operation, COP, comprehensive energy efficiency

摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章绪论..................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 课题的来源及意义............................................................................................ 1

1.2 国内外研究应用现状........................................................................................ 1

1.2.1 国外研究应用现状................................................................................. 1

1.2.2 国内研究应用现状................................................................................. 2

1.3 论文研究内容.................................................................................................... 3

第二章热泵系统的原理................................................................................................. 5

2.1 热泵的原理........................................................................................................ 5

2.1.1 影响热泵机组性能的因素..................................................................... 5

2.2 热泵的分类........................................................................................................ 9

2.2.1 地源热泵................................................................................................. 9

2.2.2 水源热泵............................................................................................... 10

2.2.3 空气源热泵........................................................................................... 10

2.2.4 太阳能辅助热泵................................................................................... 11

2.2.5 复合热泵............................................................................................... 12

2.3 水源热泵的特点.............................................................................................. 13

第三章水源热泵热水器实验装置............................................................................... 15

3.1 实验目的........................................................................................................... 15

3.2 水源热泵热水器实验台介绍........................................................................... 15

3.2.1 压缩机.................................................................................................... 16

3.2.2 板式换热器............................................................................................ 17

3.2.3 膨胀阀.................................................................................................... 19

3.2.4 辅助设备................................................................................................ 19

3.3 制冷剂的选择................................................................................................... 20

3.4 水系统............................................................................................................... 21

3.5 参数测量及数据采集....................................................................................... 22

第四章水源热泵实验研究及结果分析..................................................................... 223

4.1 实验方案........................................................................................................ 223

4.2 系统调试........................................................................................................ 223

4.3 实验步骤.......................................................................................................... 24

4.4 实验结果及分析.............................................................................................. 24

4.4.1 低温热源流量对热泵系统性能的影响................................................ 25

4.4.2 低温热源温度对热泵系统性能的影响................................................ 27

4.4.3 制冷、制热双工况运行时，系统性能变化趋势................................ 29

4.5 小结.................................................................................................................. 31

第五章结论与展望..................................................................................................... 333

5.1 结论................................................................................................................ 333

5.2 展望................................................................................................................ 333

附录............................................................................................................................... 35

参考文献......................................................................................................................... 44

在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果............................................. 46

致谢............................................................................................................................... 47

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摘要：

摘要面对日益严峻的能源短缺和环境恶化形势，开发利用新能源，提高能源利用率成为解决能源环境问题的重要手段。水源热泵技术因其节能环保、高效可靠的特点，而具有较为广阔的发展前景。将热泵技术与低温余热回收相结合，可有效提高能源利用效率，具有巨大的环境效益和经济效益。虽然该技术在国内已有一些应用，但对系统仍缺乏全面透彻的了解，其推广应用中仍存在较多的亟待解决的问题。为此，本文通过搭建水源热泵实验台，对系统的运行特性进行了实验研究，本文的主要工作如下：首先研究不同低温热源流量和温度对水源热泵系统运行特性的影响，实验结果表明：a）在低温热源温度保持一定的情况下，随着低温热源流量的增大，压缩机功率不断增加，且...

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