导模共振生物传感器及其灵敏度研究

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摘要

本文首先对一种新型光学生物传感器进行了系统研究：导模共振光学生物传感

器，该传感器基于一种亚波长光栅结构产生的导模共振效应。当白光入射到此结

构表面时，只有在共振波长处会产生～100%反射，其它波长的能量被传输通过传

感器结构。当覆盖在生物传感器表面的生物样品发生浓度变化或是生化反应时，

会对共振波长起一个调谐作用，从而导致共振波长发生改变，表现为尖峰波长值

(peak wavelength value) 的移动，通过测量 PWV 值的移动可以进行一系列的生物

检测。导模共振光学生物传感器具有无需荧光标记、高通量、可以实时监测的优

点，并且可以做到小体积、批量生产，从而降低成本，扩展应用范围。

检测灵敏度作为传感器的关键因素，需要着重研究。本文对导模共振光学生

物传感器的灵敏度做了深入的研究。样品折射率、样品厚度以及入射光的模式都

会对其起到决定性的作用，因此在文中就这三方面因素对其灵敏度的影响做了详

细阐述。在同样样品厚度的条件下，传感器的灵敏度与样品折射率是成线性正比

例关系的。当样品折射率一定的条件下，传感器的灵敏度与样品的厚度成反比例

关系。通过在 TE 和TM 模式入射光条件下对传感器灵敏度的研究，发现了在 TM

模式下入射光将更多比例的能量耦合于共振波长处，这样大大提高了此光学生物

传感器的灵敏度。基于文中给出的导模共振结构，计算得 TM 模式的灵敏度为 TE

模式的 5倍。

关键词：导模共振生物传感器严格耦合波分析灵敏度

ABSTRACT

This paper researches a new type of optical biosensor generally: Guided-mode

resonance optical biosensor, a kind of sub-wavelength grating structure is used by the

sensor to create a guided-mode resonance effect. When the sensor is illuminated with

white light, only the resonance wavelength is reflected ~ 100%, other energy of

wavelengths are transmitted through the sensor structure. When the concentration of

biological samples attaching the surface of the biological sensor is changed, or

biochemical reactions occur, the resonance wavelength will be tuned, resulting in

change of resonance wavelength, expressed as shift of peak-wavelength value, by

measuring the PWV shift, can do a series of bio-detection. Guided-mode resonant

optical biosensor has many advantages: fluorescent label-free, high-throughput,

real-time monitor, and can also be mass produced with small volume, thereby reducing

costs and expanding range of applications.

As a key factor of sensor, detection sensitivity is needed to be paid more attention.

In this paper, the sensitivity of guided-mode resonance optical biosensor has been made

deep research which is greatly affected by refractive index of samples, sample thickness

and the incident light mode. So the influence of the sensitivity by the factors is carefully

introduced. In the condition of the same sample thickness, the sensitivity of the sensor

and the resonance wavelength namely sample refractive index are directly proportional

linear relationship. When the refractive index of the sample is under certain conditions,

the relationship between the thickness of the sample and the sensor sensitivity are

inversely proportional. Through the study of sensitivity of the sensor by the incident

light of TE and TM modes, it is found that in the TM mode, a greater proportion of

energy will be coupled in the resonance wavelength, thereby greatly enhancing the

sensitivity of this optical biosensor. Based on the guided-mode resonant structure given

in the text, the sensitivity of the TM mode is more than 5 times as the sensitivity of TE

mode.

Key Words: guided-mode resonance, biosensor, rigorous coupled-wave

analysis, sensitivity

中文摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章绪论 .............................................................................................................. 1

§1.1 生物传感器简介 ............................................................................................. 1

§1.2 光学传感器简介 ............................................................................................. 2

§1.3 GMR 光学生物传感器研究动机 .................................................................... 3

§1.4 GMR 的发展 .................................................................................................... 4

§1.5 GMR 生物传感器国内外研究现状 ................................................................ 5

第二章亚波长导模共振光栅的理论基础 .................................................................. 7

§2.1 亚波长光栅的衍射理论 .................................................................................. 7

§2.2.1 光栅衍射理论——积分法 ................................................................... 8

§2.1.2 光栅衍射理论——模式法 ................................................................... 9

§2.1.3 光栅衍射理论——耦合波法 ............................................................. 10

§2.2 矩形槽亚波长光栅中的耦合波理论分析 ..................................................... 11

§2.2.1 电磁波的理论基础 ............................................................................. 12

§2.2.2 光栅的衍射问题 ................................................................................. 13

§2.2.3 平面衍射: 矩形槽光栅中 TE 偏振波入射时的衍射 ....................... 14

§2.2.4 平面衍射: 矩形槽光栅中 TM 偏振波入射时的衍射 ...................... 19

§2.2.5 圆锥衍射：入射平面与光栅槽的夹角为任意值时的衍射 ............. 21

§2.2.6 数值稳定性 ......................................................................................... 26

§2.3 GMR 严格耦合波分析 ................................................................................. 27

§2.3.1 多层介质中的反射与透射 ................................................................. 28

§2.4 小结 ................................................................................................................ 30

第三章导模共振效应及其生物传感器的应用 ........................................................ 31

§3.1 导模共振效应 ................................................................................................ 31

§3.1.1 等效波导模型 ..................................................................................... 33

§3.2 导模共振结构在生物传感器方面的应用 .................................................... 35

§3.2.1 标准溶液的检测 ................................................................................. 36

§3.2.2 亲和反应检测 ..................................................................................... 37

§3.3 小结 ................................................................................................................ 38

第四章影响导模共振生物传感器灵敏度的因素分析 ............................................ 39

§4.1 样品层折射率对生物传感器灵敏度影响 .................................................... 39

§4.2 样品层厚度对生物传感器灵敏度影响 ........................................................ 40

§4.3 入射光模式对传感器灵敏度的影响 ............................................................ 42

§4.4 小结 .................................................................................................................45

第五章总结与展望 .................................................................................................... 47

参考文献 ........................................................................................................................ 49

在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 ............................................ 53

一、论文 ................................................................................................................ 53

二、专利 ................................................................................................................ 53

三、科研项目 ........................................................................................................ 53

致谢 ............................................................................................................................ 55

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摘要：

摘要本文首先对一种新型光学生物传感器进行了系统研究：导模共振光学生物传感器，该传感器基于一种亚波长光栅结构产生的导模共振效应。当白光入射到此结构表面时，只有在共振波长处会产生～100%反射，其它波长的能量被传输通过传感器结构。当覆盖在生物传感器表面的生物样品发生浓度变化或是生化反应时，会对共振波长起一个调谐作用，从而导致共振波长发生改变，表现为尖峰波长值(peakwavelengthvalue)的移动，通过测量PWV值的移动可以进行一系列的生物检测。导模共振光学生物传感器具有无需荧光标记、高通量、可以实时监测的优点，并且可以做到小体积、批量生产，从而降低成本，扩展应用范围。检测灵敏度作为传感器...

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