基于大豆蛋白胶的刨花板性能研究

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摘要

刨花板是人造板中一个主要板种，具有生产能耗小、成本低、物理力学性能

良好等特点，受到广泛青睐。为了研究开发环境友好型板材，本课题采用由上海

泓涵化工科技有限公司提供的大豆蛋白胶为胶粘剂，探讨了基于大豆蛋白胶的刨

花板制备工艺的研究，选取枫木刨花和麻杆刨花为原料，通过响应曲面试验和正

交试验研究了热压温度、热压时间、施胶量和目标密度四个主要因素对刨花板板

材的力学性能（内结合强度、表结合强度、静曲强度）和耐水性能（2h 吸水厚度

膨胀率）的影响，得出基于大豆蛋白胶制备刨花板的最佳工艺参数。主要内容和

结论如下：

（1）选取 M180 和H140 两种蛋白胶，采用不同的添加比例，探讨不同类型

的胶粘剂对刨花板性能的影响。通过单因素试验可以得出，随着 H140 胶粘剂含量

的不断增大，刨花板的各项性能呈先增大后减小的趋势。通过对不同比例的混合

胶粘剂的比较得出，选择 M180:H140 为1:2 为宜。

（2）通过添加石蜡的方法提高刨花板的耐水性，考虑不同水平的施蜡量对刨

花板性能的影响。通过施蜡量的单因素试验，得出最佳的施蜡量为 1.5%，此时，

2h 吸水厚度膨胀率降低了 50%左右，大大提高了刨花板的耐水性能，而石蜡的添

加并不影响刨花板的力学性能。

（3）研究基于大豆蛋白胶的枫木刨花板的最佳制备工艺。通过响应曲面试验

分析热压时间、热压温度、施胶量和密度对枫木刨花板力学性能和耐水性的影响。

应用 Design Expert7.1.6 软件模拟二次多项式回归方程的预测模型，确定最佳工艺

条件为：热压时间 27.5min，热压温度 178℃，施胶量 15.7%，密度 0.78g/cm-3,该

条件下预测刨花板的内结合强度达 0.557MPa，表结合强度达 0.984MPa，静曲强度

达21.893MPa，2h 吸水厚度膨胀率达 4.734%，实际测得内结合强度为 0.527MPa，

表结合强度为 0.902MPa，静曲强度为 22.26MPa，2h 吸水厚度膨胀率为 4.682%，

均达到 GB/T 4897.1-2003 对在干燥状态下使用的普通用板要求。

（4）探讨利用大豆蛋白胶粘剂压制麻杆刨花板的制备工艺，分析热压时间、

热压温度、施胶量和密度对麻杆刨花板性能的影响。通过实验得出：大豆蛋白胶

可以用于麻杆刨花板的制造；得出的最佳工艺参数：热压时间 25min、热压温度

180℃、施胶量 18%、密度 0.80g/cm3。在此条件压制的板材性能均达到 GB/T

4897.1-2003 对在干燥状态下使用的普通用板要求。

关键词：大豆蛋白胶刨花板性能指标响应曲面分析正交试验

工艺参数

ABSTRACT

As a main board of hard board, Particleboard has low energy consumption, low

cost, good physical and mechanical properties and wins high favor. The soy protein

adhesive is used so as to develop environmental friendly particleboard, which supported

by HongHan Chemical Technology Co., Ltd in ShangHai and derived from the

preparation parameters of particleboard were investigated. The raw materials used in the

production of particleboard are maple particle and hemp stalk particle. The effect of hot

pressing temperature, hot pressing time, soy protein-based adhesive content, and density

of particle on the particleboard physical and mechanical properties (IB、surface bonding

strength、MOR) and water-resistance property （2h-TS）were analyzed by response

surface analysis and orthogonal test and the optimal values of process parameter were

obtained. The main research contents and results were as the following:

(1) Selection of M180 protein adhesive and H140 protein adhesive, using different

adding proportion, investigated the effect of different types of adhesive on the properties

of particleboard by single-factor experiments. The results indicated that the particle

properties began to increase and then decrease with increasing content of H140 adhesive.

According to the comparison of adhesive mixed in different proportions, selected the

appropriate ratio of adhesive was that M180 to H140 was 1 to 2.

(2) Study of the method for improving the particleboard water-resistance property

by adding the paraffin and investigate the effect of paraffin addition on the properties of

particleboard by single-factor experiments. The results indicated that the optimum

content of paraffin was 1.5%. At this point, 2h-TS decreased 50%, and the particleboard

water-resistance property was improved greatly. The addition of paraffin did not affect

the particleboard physical and mechanical properties.

(3)The preparation parameters of maple particle board derived from soy

protein-based adhesive were investigated. The effect of hot pressing time, hot pressing

temperature, soy protein-based adhesive content, and density of maple particle on the

particle board physical and mechanical properties and water-resistance property were

analyzed by response surface analysis. Design Expert 7.1.6 software was used to

develop a quadratic polynomial regression model for the above parameters. Results

showed that the optimal values of process parameter were as follows: hot pressing time

27.5min, hot pressing temperature 178℃,soy protein-based adhesive content 15.7%,

density of maple particle 0.78g/cm3. At the optimal conditions, IB 0.557MPa, surface

bonding strength 0.984MPa, MOR 21.893MPa, 2h-TS 4.734% were predicted but

actual value IB 0.527MPa, surface bonding strength 0.902MPa, MOR 22.26MPa, 2h-TS

4.682%. The properties of maple particle board met the national standards.

(4)Preparation parameters of hemp stalk particle board derived from soy

protein-based adhesive were investigate and the effects under different levels of hot

pressing time, hot pressing temperature, soy protein-based adhesive content, and density

of hemp particle on the particle board physical and mechanical properties were analyzed.

The results shows that soy protein-based adhesive can be used in hemp stalk particle

board production and the optimal parameters are hot pressing time 25 min, hot pressing

time 180℃, soy protein-based adhesive content 18%, density of hemp particle board

0.75 g/cm3. Under such conditions, the particleboard has mechanical properties

exceeding the Chinese National GB／T 4897.4-2003 standard requirements．

Key Word ：soy protein-based adhesive, particle board, performance

index, response surface analysis, orthogonal test, process parameter

中文摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章绪论 ....................................................... 1

§1.1 课题的研究背景及意义 ....................................... 1

§1.1.1 课题的研究背景 ........................................ 1

§1.1.2 课题研究的意义 ........................................ 2

§1.2 大豆蛋白胶的发展历程及研究现状 ............................. 3

§1.2.1 大豆蛋白胶改性方法 .................................... 3

§1.2.2 大豆蛋白胶的发展历程及研究现状 ........................ 5

§1.3 刨花板及工艺研究 ........................................... 6

§1.3.1 刨花板 ................................................ 6

§1.3.2 刨花板制备工艺 ........................................ 8

§1.4 课题来源和主要研究内容 .................................... 10

§1.4.1 课题来源 ............................................. 10

§1.4.2 主要研究内容 ......................................... 10

第二章大豆蛋白胶对刨花板性能的影响 ................................. 12

§2.1 前言 ...................................................... 12

§2.2 材料与仪器 ................................................ 12

§2.2.1 试验材料 ............................................. 12

§2.2.2 试验仪器 ............................................. 12

§2.3 试验方法 ................................................... 12

§2.3.1 枫木刨花板的制备 ..................................... 12

§2.3.2 刨花板力学性能和耐水性能的测定 ....................... 13

§2.3.3 混合大豆蛋白胶粘剂的热压实验 ......................... 13

§2.4 结果与分析 ................................................ 13

§2.4.1 M180 型大豆蛋白胶与 H140 型大豆蛋白胶理化性质比较 ..... 13

§2.4.2 不同蛋白胶配比对刨花板性能的影响 ..................... 14

§2.5 本章小结 .................................................. 18

第三章施蜡量对刨花板性能的影响 ..................................... 19

§3.1 前言 ...................................................... 19

§3.2 材料与仪器 ................................................ 19

§3.2.1 试验材料 ............................................. 19

§3.2.2 试验仪器 ............................................. 19

§3.3 试验方法 ................................................... 19

§3.3.1 枫木刨花板的制备 ..................................... 19

§3.3.2 刨花板力学性能和耐水性能的测定 ....................... 19

§3.3.3 石蜡对刨花板性能影响的单因素试验 ..................... 19

§3.4 结果与分析 ................................................ 20

§3.4.1 石蜡增强刨花板耐水性机理 ............................. 20

§3.4.2 不同施蜡量对刨花板性能的影响 ......................... 20

§3.5 本章小结 .................................................. 23

第四章大豆蛋白胶枫木刨花板制作工艺的优化研究 ....................... 24

§4.1 前言 ...................................................... 24

§4.2 材料与仪器 ................................................ 24

§4.2.1 试验材料 ............................................. 24

§4.2.2 试验仪器 ............................................. 24

§4.3 试验方法 ................................................... 24

§4.3.1 枫木刨花板的制备 ..................................... 24

§4.3.2 刨花板力学性能和耐水性能的测定 ....................... 24

§4.3.3 单因素试验 ........................................... 24

§4.3.4 响应曲面试验 ......................................... 25

§4.4 结果与分析 ................................................ 25

§4.4.1 单因素试验结果 ....................................... 26

§4.4.2 响应曲面试验结果 ..................................... 34

§4.4.3 参数优化和试验验证 ................................... 49

§4.5 本章小结 .................................................. 50

第五章大豆蛋白胶麻杆刨花板制作工艺的研究 ........................... 51

§5.1 前言 ...................................................... 51

§5.2 材料与仪器 ................................................ 51

§5.2.1 试验材料 ............................................. 51

§5.2.2 试验仪器 ............................................. 51

§5.3 试验方法 .................................................. 51

§5.3.1 麻杆刨花板的制备 ..................................... 51

§5.3.2 刨花板力学性能和耐水性能的测定 ....................... 52

§5.3.3 单因素试验 ........................................... 52

§5.3.4 正交试验 ............................................. 52

§5.4 结果与分析 ................................................ 53

§5.4.1 单因素试验结果 ....................................... 53

§5.4.2 正交试验结果 ......................................... 62

§5.4.3 大豆蛋白胶制造麻杆刨花板的最优工艺参数 ............... 68

§5.5 本章小结 .................................................. 69

第六章结论与展望 ................................................... 70

§6.1 结论 ...................................................... 70

§6.2 展望 ...................................................... 70

参考文献 ............................................................ 72

在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 ...................... 77

致谢 .............................................................. 78

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摘要：

摘要刨花板是人造板中一个主要板种，具有生产能耗小、成本低、物理力学性能良好等特点，受到广泛青睐。为了研究开发环境友好型板材，本课题采用由上海泓涵化工科技有限公司提供的大豆蛋白胶为胶粘剂，探讨了基于大豆蛋白胶的刨花板制备工艺的研究，选取枫木刨花和麻杆刨花为原料，通过响应曲面试验和正交试验研究了热压温度、热压时间、施胶量和目标密度四个主要因素对刨花板板材的力学性能（内结合强度、表结合强度、静曲强度）和耐水性能（2h吸水厚度膨胀率）的影响，得出基于大豆蛋白胶制备刨花板的最佳工艺参数。主要内容和结论如下：（1）选取M180和H140两种蛋白胶，采用不同的添加比例，探讨不同类型的胶粘剂对刨花板性能的影响...

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